Analysis of the changes in the management of preterm newborns born in a Spanish third-level hospital in the past 10 years / Análisis de los cambios en el manejo de recién nacidos prematuros nacidos en un hospital español de tercer nivel en los últimos 10 años

Abstract Background: Preterm newborns require the use of the best and most current strategies to treat and prevent both acute pathology and associated sequelae. This study aimed to compare the differences in the management of preterm newborns over 10 years in a tertiary hospital in Spain and its impact on height, weight, and neurological development in the medium term. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, and analytical study examining the management and clinical variables in preterm newborns under 32 weeks of gestational age who were born in our hospital in 2011 and 2021. Results: Twenty-six newborns were included in the study. Significant differences in magnesium sulfate use, continuous positive airway pressure immediately after birth, and non-invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization were observed. Differences were found in the use of parenteral nutrition and the timing of initiation of enteral feeding. We did not observe differences in the neurological or weight evolution in the medium term. Conclusions: Significant differences in managing preterm newborns in these 10 years were observed. Lower mortality and alterations in central nervous system ultrasound and, significantly, less growth retardation during admission in 2021 have been observed; however, it does not manifest with improvement in long-term somatometrics or neurological prognosis.

Resumen Introducción: La inmadurez de los recién nacidos pretérmino (RNP) requiere el empleo de las mejores y más actuales estrategias para tratar la patología aguda y prevenir sus eventuales secuelas asociadas. El objetivo planteado es comparar las diferencias en el manejo de RNP a lo largo de diez años en un hospital de tercer nivel en España y su impacto en el desarrollo neurológico y póndero-estatural a medio plazo. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico examinando variables del manejo y clínicas de todos los RNP menores de 32 semanas de edad gestacional nacidos en nuestro hospital (nivel III-A) en 2011 y en 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 infantes (2011: 10 niños, 2021: 16 niños). Observamos diferencias significativas en el uso prenatal de sulfato de magnesio, mayor uso de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) al ingreso y ventilación mecánica no invasiva durante el ingreso, retraso en el uso de surfactante, empleo de alimentación intravenosa e inicio precoz de la alimentación enteral. Existe una menor tasa de mortalidad y desnutrición postnatal en 2021. No observamos diferencias en la evolución neurológica o ponderal a medio plazo. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias en el manejo de los prematuros en estos 10 años con mayor ajuste a las guías nacionales e internacionales vigentes. Esto se relaciona con menor mortalidad y alteraciones en la ecografía del sistema nervioso central y, significativamente, con un menor retraso en el crecimiento durante el ingreso en 2021; no se demostró mejoría del pronóstico somatométrico o neurológico a largo plazo.

Nascer no Brasil II: protocolo de investigação da saúde materna, paterna e da criança no pós-parto / Nacer en Brasil II: protocolo de investigación en salud materna, paterna e infantil posparto / Birth in Brazil II: a postpartum maternal, paternal and child health research protocol

Resumo: A gravidez, o parto e o nascimento são momentos de grandes mudanças na vida das mães e dos pais. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o protocolo da pesquisa para estimar a prevalência dos desfechos em saúde mental nas mães e pais no pós-parto, dos maus tratos e satisfação na atenção ao parto/abortamento, e as inter-relações entre eles e fatores socioeconômicos, obstétricos e da saúde da criança. A pesquisa tem dois componentes: estudo de coorte prospectiva com todas as puérperas entrevistadas nas 465 maternidades incluídas na linha de base da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II realizada entre 2021 e 2023, e estudo seccional com os companheiros/pais dos bebês. As entrevistas são realizadas por ligação telefônica ou link de autopreenchimento enviado por WhatsApp com as puérperas aos 2 e 4 meses após o parto/aborto. Os companheiros são abordados três meses após o nascimento (excluídos os abortos, natimortos e neomortos), a partir do telefone informado pela puérpera na maternidade. As entrevistas abordam, entre as puérperas, sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, maus-tratos na atenção na maternidade e qualidade do vínculo mãe-bebê. São investigados também a presença de morbidade materna e neonatal, utilização de serviços pós-natais, e satisfação com o atendimento na maternidade. Entre os pais, é abordada a ocorrência de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, e a qualidade do relacionamento com a esposa/companheira e o bebê. As informações coletadas nessa etapa da pesquisa poderão subsidiar o planejamento e melhoria do cuidado voltado para a saúde da tríade mãe-pai-filho após o nascimento.

Resumen: El embarazo, el parto y el nacimiento son momentos de grandes cambios en la vida de madres y padres. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el protocolo de investigación para estimar la prevalencia de los resultados de la salud mental en madres y padres en el posparto, maltratos y la satisfacción durante la atención del parto/aborto, y las interrelaciones entre ellos y los factores socioeconómicos, obstétricos y de salud infantil. La investigación tiene dos componentes: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo con todas las puérperas entrevistadas en las 465 maternidades incluidas en la línea de base de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil II realizada entre 2021 y 2023, y un estudio seccional con las parejas/padres de los bebés. Las entrevistas se efectúan mediante llamada telefónica o enlace de autocumplimentación enviado vía WhatsApp a las puérperas a los 2 y 4 meses después del parto/aborto. El contacto con la pareja se hace a los tres meses del nacimiento (excluyendo abortos, mortinatos y muertes de recién nacidos), a través del teléfono facilitado por la puérpera en la sala de maternidad. Las entrevistas abordan, entre las puérperas, los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y trastorno de estrés postraumático, maltrato durante la atención en la maternidad y la calidad del vínculo madre-bebé. También se investiga la presencia de morbilidad materna y neonatal, uso de servicios posnatales y satisfacción con la atención en la maternidad. Entre los padres, se aborda la ocurrencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y la calidad de la relación con la esposa/pareja y el bebé. La información recopilada en esta etapa de la investigación puede apoyar la planificación y mejora de la atención dirigida a la salud de la tríada madre-padre-hijo después del nacimiento.

Abstract: Pregnancy, parturition and birth bring major changes to the lives of mothers and fathers. This article presents a research protocol for estimating the prevalence of postpartum mental health outcomes in mothers and fathers, abuse and satisfaction in delivery/abortion care, and the correlations between them and socioeconomic, obstetric, and child health factors. As a 2-component research, it consists of a prospective cohort study with all postpartum women interviewed in the 465 maternity hospitals included at the Birth in Brazil II baseline survey conducted from 2021 to 2023, and a cross-sectional study with the newborns' fathers/partners. Interviews will be conducted via telephone or self-completion link sent by WhatsApp with the mother at 2 and 4 months after delivery/abortion. Partners will be approached three months after birth (excluding abortions, stillbirths and newborn death) using the telephone number informed by the mother at the maternity ward. Postpartum women will be inquired about symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, abuse during maternity care and quality of the mother-newborn bond. Maternal and neonatal morbidity, use of postnatal services, and satisfaction with maternity care are also investigated. Fathers will be asked to report on symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the quality of the relationship with the partner and the newborn. The information collected in this research stage may help to plan and improve care aimed at the postpartum health of the mother-father-child triad.

Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population

Abstract Objective: To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%. Results: A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.

Health education website on home care for newborns: construction, validation, and evaluation / Sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido: construcción, validación y evaluación / Sitio Website educacional em saúde sobre cuidados domiciliares com recém-nascidos: construção, validação e avaliação

Objective: to build, validate, and evaluate an educational health website on home care for newborns for use by pregnant women, postpartum women, and family members. Method: methodological study developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model. After construction, the website was validated by 20 experts and evaluated by 20 individuals from the target audience, and the data wasanalyzed according to the Concordance Index with a cut-off point equal to or greater than 0.7 (70%). Results: in the validation, the Concordance Index for all the items was higher than 0.7 (70%), with a variation between 0.75 (75%) and 1 (100%), reaching an overall average value of 0.91 (91%). In the evaluation, all the items got top marks, with anoverall average value of 1 (100%). Conclusion: the educational website was built, validated, and evaluated in a satisfactory manner. It can be considered an appropriate tool for its purpose, with benefits in the teaching-learning process for families regarding postnatal home care fornewborns through its use. It can also be used to educate students and health professionals. The website is available for free access via laptops, computers, smartphones, or tablets.

Objetivo: construir, validar y evaluar un sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido para uso de mujeres embarazadas, puérperas y sus familias. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado según el modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Luego de su construcción, el sitio web fue validado por 20 expertos y evaluado por 20 personas del público objetivo, y los datos analizados según el Índice de Concordancia con un punto de corte igual o superior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: en la validación, el Índice de Concordancia para todas las cuestiones fue superior a 0,7 (70%), con una variación entre 0,75 (75%) y 1 (100%), alcanzando un valor promedio general de 0,91 (91%). En la evaluación, todos los ítems obtuvieron la máxima puntuación, con un valor medio global de 1 (100%). Conclusión: el sitio web educativo fue construido, validado y evaluado de manera satisfactoria y puede ser considerado una herramienta adecuada para su objetivo, aportando beneficios al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las familias sobre el cuidado domiciliario posparto del recién nacido por medio de su uso. Además, también se puede aplicar a la educación de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. El sitio web está disponible para acceso libre y gratuito por medio de notebooks , computadoras, smartphones o tablets .

Objetivo: construir, validar e avaliar um website educacional em saúde sobre os cuidados domiciliares com os recém-nascidos para uso de gestantes, puérperas e familiares. Método: estudo metodológico desenvolvido conforme o modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Após a construção, o website foi validado por 20 experts e avaliado por 20 indivíduos do público-alvo e os dados analisados conforme Índice de Concordância com ponto de corte igual ou maior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: na validação, o Índice de Concordância de todos os quesitos foi maior do que 0,7 (70%), com variação entre 0,75 (75%) e 1 (100%), alcançando valor médio global de 0,91 (91%). Na avaliação, todos os itens obtiveram nota máxima, com valor médio global de 1 (100%). Conclusão: o website educacional foi construído, validado e avaliado de maneira satisfatória, pode ser considerado uma ferramenta adequada ao seu objetivo, com benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das famílias, quanto ao cuidado pós-natal domiciliar com os recém-nascidos mediante sua utilização. Além disso, também pode ser aplicada na educação de estudantes e profissionais de saúde. O website encontra-se disponível para o acesso livre e gratuito por meio de notebooks , computadores, smartphones ou tablets .

Traditional Galactogogues and the Practices Related to Their Use by Post-Natal Women of India

@#Introduction: Traditional galactogogue recipes are still being used, though not widely, and scientific studies on their use are scanty. This research aimed to study commonly used traditional galactogogue-recipes using primary sources, to bring about nutritional enhancement in most popular recipes and compare the standard and nutrified galactogogue-recipes for nutrients, phytochemicals and sensory qualities. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 120 mothers (older than 20 years) residing in Indian states of Rajasthan and Uttar-Pradesh in their 0-1 year of lactation period who consented to be a part of the study. Background-information and use of galactogogues was collected with the help of self-designed, pre-tested questionnaires. Nutritive-value (moisture, ash, protein, fat, dietary-fibre, carbohydrate, iron, and calcium) of two of the most popular galactogogues ajwain-laddu and harira were calculated to find out the nutrient(s) lacking in it. Ajwain-laddu was nutrified using whole milk-powder, drumstick leaves powder and additional amount of clarified-butter. Harira was nutrified using poppy-seeds, niger-seeds and carrots. Results: The commonly used galactogogues were ajwain-laddu, harira, Gond-laddu, and Sonth-laddu. There was a significant difference between nutrient content of standard and nutrified-recipes (p<0.05) whereas no statistical difference was observed for hedonic rating-scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mothers were consuming traditional galactogogues foods in order to increase milk production and strongly believed that regular consumption of galactogogues has enhanced their milk production. To optimize the nutritional value of galactogogues, it is advisable to integrate ingredients abundant in phytochemicals and micronutrients. This can be accomplished while preserving the authentic taste and presentation of these galactogogue-recipes.

Atención integrada madre-niño. efectos sobre adherencia y conocimientos de métodos anticonceptivos / Integrated mother-child care. Effects on adherence and knowledge of contraceptive methods

Resumen Introducción : La evidencia científica sugiere que es trategias de atención conjunta madre-hijo facilitarían el conocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos (MAC) y su acceso. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del Modelo de atención integrada de la madre y el niño sobre la adherencia y conocimientos de MAC en mujeres durante el primer semestre postparto. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio de intervención, se conformaron 2 grupos, GI: grupo de intervención (3 con troles hasta los 6 meses postparto) y GC: grupo control (un control a los 6 meses postparto). La intervención consistió en asesoramiento presencial acerca de MAC combinada con folletería informativa y mensajes de WhatsApp®. Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, an tecedentes gineco-obstétricos, uso y conocimientos de MAC. Se comparó la adherencia al uso y el conocimiento de MAC en ambos grupos a los 6 meses post parto. El análisis se realizó mediante el software R versión 4.0.3. Resultados : Se incorporaron 39 mujeres en cada grupo. Se halló una diferencia en el uso de MAC entre grupos a los 6 meses (92.3% vs. 64.1%), siendo más eleva do su uso en el GI. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en el conocimiento de algunos MAC a los 6 meses. Un mayor porcentaje de mujeres del GI conocía las pastillas anticonceptivas (p = 0.009), ligadura de trompas (p = 0.04) y la vasectomía (p = 0.010), en comparación con el GC. Discusión : La intervención en el postparto temprano con diversas estrategias de comunicación e información pueden ser útiles para elegir el MAC que se considere más adecuado para cada mujer y su utilización correcta.

Abstract Introduction : Scientific evidence suggests that moth er-child joint care strategies would facilitate knowledge of contraceptive methods (MAC) and their access. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the Integrated Mother and Child Care Model on adherence and knowl edge of CAM in women during the first postpartum semester. Methods : An intervention study was carried out, 2 groups were formed, GI: intervention group (3 controls up to 6 months postpartum) and GC: control group (one control at 6 months postpartum). The intervention con sisted of face-to-face counseling about MAC combined with informative brochures and WhatsApp® messages. Sociodemographic data, gynecological and obstetric history, use and knowledge of contraceptive methods were collected. Adherence to the use and knowledge of MAC were compared in both groups at 6 months post partum. The analysis was performed using R software version 4.0.3. Results : Thirty-nine women were incorporated into each group. A difference was found in the use of MAC between groups at 6 months (92.3% vs. 64.1%), its use being higher in GI. Significant differences were found in the knowledge of some MAC at 6 months. A higher percentage of women in GI knew about birth control pills (p = 0.009), tubal ligation (p = 0.04) and vasectomy (p = 0.010), compared to GC. Discussion : Early postpartum intervention with vari ous communication and information strategies can be useful to choose the MAC that is considered most ap propriate for each woman and its correct use.

Diagnóstico prenatal de malformaciones del tracto urinario: evaluación posnatal y resultado clínico / Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract malformations: postnatal evaluation and clinical outcome

Resumen Antecedentes: Las malformaciones del tracto urinario representan el 15-20% de las anomalías por ecografía prenatal; la prevalencia oscila entre 3 y 6 por cada 1,000 nacimientos. Objetivo: Conocer el desenlace clínico de los recién nacidos diagnosticados prenatalmente con malformación del tracto urinario. Material y métodos: Observacional, analítico, ambispectivo. Recién nacidos con diagnóstico prenatal de malformación urinaria. Evaluación posnatal con pruebas diagnósticas, analizamos días de estancia hospitalaria, intervención quirúrgica y seguimiento. Resultados: 45 pacientes, 55% varones, 65% de término, 77% cesárea. El diagnóstico prenatal más frecuente fue hidronefrosis, 100% se realizó ultrasonido renal posnatal, 27% cistograma miccional, 42% gammagrama renal; 60% requirió estancia hospitalaria prolongada, 27% intervención quirúrgica, 60% seguimiento. 89% de los casos diagnosticados prenatalmente se corroboró algún tipo de malformación del tracto urinario, solo en el 75% de los casos fue el mismo diagnóstico. Conclusión: La evaluación posnatal siempre requiere la realización de un ultrasonido renal y no en todos los casos realización de cistograma miccional o gammagrama renal.

Abstract Background: Urinary tract malformations represent 15-20% of abnormalities in prenatal ultrasound; the prevalence oscillates between 3-6 per 1000 births. Objective: To know the clinical outcome of newborns diagnosed prenatally with some malformation of the urinary tract. Material and methods: Observational, analytical, ambispective. Newborns with prenatal diagnosis of malformation urinary. Postnatal evaluation diagnostic tests performed, we analyzed the days of hospital stay, surgical intervention, follow-up. Results: 45 children, 55% male, 65% term, 77% c-section. Prenatal diagnosis with higher frequency was hydronephrosis. In all cases postnatal renal ultrasound was performed, 27% voiding cystogram, 42% renal gammagram. A 60% of the cases required prolonged hospital stay, 27% required a surgical intervention, 60% were follow-up. 89% of the cases diagnosed prenatally corroborated some type of malformation of the urinary tract, only in 75% of the cases was the same diagnosis. Conclusion: Postnatal evaluation always requires the performance of a renal ultrasound and not in all cases the performance of voiding cystogram or renal gammagram.

Pesticide exposure and its effects on intrauterine and postnatal development / Exposición a plaguicidas y sus efectos en el desarrollo intrauterino y posnatal

Abstract Background: The period between conception and the first two postnatal years is critical and marks the individual, largely determining their health and disease patterns. Objective: To review the effect of pesticide exposure in utero and in the 1st years of life. Materials and methods: The scientific literature in relation to the subject was reviewed, both in animal models and in humans. Results: The presence of various types of pesticides in umbilical cord blood and in meconium is well documented in newborns worldwide, including Mexico. Pesticides have been associated with low birth weight, and various birth defects at the heart, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, musculoskeletal system, and neurodevelopmental disorders. These substances may play a role in the increase in cases of autistic disorder. Conclusions: Despite the evidence, there are no public policies in many countries, including Mexico, to control the sale and use of pesticides. It is required to prevent exposure to these substances in the population and to do follow-up studies in mother-child pairs where exposure is suspected.

Resumen Introducción: El periodo comprendido entre la concepción y los primeros dos años posnatales es crítico y marca al individuo, determinando en buena parte sus patrones de salud y enfermedad. Objetivo: Hacer una revisión sobre el efecto de la exposición a plaguicidas en útero y en los primeros años de vida. Material y métodos: Se revisó la literatura científica en relación con el tema, tanto en modelos animales como en humanos. Resultados: La presencia de diversos tipos de plaguicidas en la sangre de cordón umbilical y en meconio está bien documentada en recién nacidos en todo el mundo, incluyendo México. Los plaguicidas se han asociado con bajo peso al nacer y diversos defectos congénitos a nivel cardiaco, del tracto gastrointestinal, sistema genitourinario y sistema musculoesquelético, así como a trastornos en el desarrollo neurológico. Estas sustancias pueden tener participación en el incremento de casos de trastorno autista. Conclusiones: A pesar de las evidencias, no existen en muchos países, incluyendo México, políticas públicas para controlar la venta y uso de plaguicidas. Se requiere prevenir la exposición a estas substancias en la población y hacer estudios de seguimiento en binomios madre-hijo donde se sospeche exposición.

Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor in the mouse lung at the embryonic and postnatal stages / Distribución del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina y el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular en el pulmón de ratón en las etapas embrionaria y posnatal

SUMMARY: Neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neurotransmitter related to vasculogenesis during organ development. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is also required for vascular patterning during lung morphogenesis. CGRP is primarily found in organs and initially appears in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells during the early embryonic stage of lung development. However, the relationship between CGRP and VEGF-A during lung formation remains unclear. This study investigates CGRP and VEGF-A mRNA expressions in the embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung development from embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) to postnatal day 5 (P5) through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Further, we analyzed the expression of CGRP via immunohistochemistry. The VEGF-A mRNA was mainly scattered across the whole lung body from E12.5. CGRP was found to be expressed in a few epithelial cells of the canalicular and the respiratory bronchiole of the lung from E12.5 to P5. An antisense probe for CGRP mRNA was strongly detected in the lung from E14.5 to E17.5. Endogenous CGRP may regulate the development of the embryonic alveoli from E14.5 to E17.5 in a temporal manner.

El péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP) es un neurotransmisor vinculado con la vasculogénesis durante el desarrollo de órganos. El factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular A (VEGF-A) también se requiere para el patrón vascular durante la morfogénesis pulmonar. El CGRP se encuentra principalmente en los órganos y aparece inicialmente en las células neuroendocrinas pulmonares durante la etapa embrionaria temprana del desarrollo pulmonar. Sin embargo, la relación entre CGRP y VEGF-A durante la formación de los pulmones sigue sin estar clara. Este estudio investiga las expresiones de ARNm de CGRP y VEGF-A en las etapas embrionaria, pseudoglandular, canalicular, sacular y alveolar del desarrollo pulmonar desde el día embrionario 12,5 (E12,5) hasta el día postnatal 5 (P5) a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa en tiempo real. (qRT-PCR) e hibridación in situ. Además, analizamos la expresión de CGRP mediante inmunohistoquímica. El ARNm de VEGF-A se dispersó principalmente por todo parénquima pulmonar desde E12,5. Se encontró que CGRP se expresaba en unas pocas células epiteliales de los bronquiolos canaliculares y respiratorios del pulmón desde E12,5 a P5. Se detectó fuertemente una sonda antisentido para ARNm de CGRP en el pulmón de E14,5 a E17,5. El CGRP endógeno puede regular el desarrollo de los alvéolos embrionarios de E14,5 a E17,5 de manera temporal.

Infection of AIDS ， syphilis and hepatitis B in 24 546 pregnant women in Yueyang City， Hunan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the infection situation of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B among pregnant women in Yueyang City， to provide formulated treatment and intervention measures to reduce mother-to-child transmission， and to improve the quality of birth population. MethodsA total of 24 546 pregnant women who agreed to take the tests of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B from January 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe positive rate of human immunodeficiency virus antibody （anti-HIV） was 0.045%； positive rates of syphilis antibody （anti-TP） and HBsAg were 4.64% and 0.64%， respectively. The positive rates of anti-HIV， anti-TP and HBsAg varied from 2018 to 2021， but the differences were not statistically significant （P>0.05）. The positive rate of HBsAg increased gradually with the increase of maternal age， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.01）. There were 16 mixed infections among 1 309 positive cases， 15 of which were hepatitis B and syphilis mixed infections. ConclusionThe infection of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B in pregnant women in Yueyang City is relatively high. The screening of AIDS， syphilis and hepatitis B before pregnancy is helpful to prevent and reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of infectious diseases in time， which is of great significance to eugenic and eugenic education.

Breastfeeding Education: A Scoping Review

@#The aim of this scoping review was to explore the evidence related to breastfeeding education in postpartum mothers from relevant databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley). There were nine eligible studies in which all of them used quantitative design. The data was organized into seven themes including targets, materials, methods, media, officers and places, time, and the effect or influence of breastfeeding education. Almost all (8/9) articles informed breastfeeding education targets. There were 5/9 articles that reported the methods, 6/9 articles discussed the media, 8/9 articles talked about the officers and places, 7/9 articles concerned about the time of implementation, and all studies reported the effect of breastfeeding education. Breastfeeding education included at least 5 existing components. Breastfeeding education must be planned properly and must be carried out continuously from the antenatal until the postnatal period.

Prácticas culturales de cuidado en el binomio madre-hijo durante el puerperio: Revisión integrativa / Cultural practices of care in the binomial mother-child during the puerperium: Integrative review / Práticas culturais de cuidado no binômio mãe-filho durante o puerpério: Revisão integrativa

Resumen Objetivo: identificar en la literatura las prácticas culturales de cuidado postnatal que realizan las mujeres y su familia durante el puerperio. Metodología: se realizó una revisión integrativa a través de búsqueda en las bases de datos: Gale Cengage Learning, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed y Medigraphic en idiomas inglés, español y portugués entre 2014 y 2019, utilizando los términos: prácticas de cuidado cultural, cuidado en el puerperio, cuidado al recién nacido y cuidado de enfermería materno perinatal; los datos se analizaron a partir de la construcción de una matriz en Excel. Resultados: se obtuvieron 70 artículos, de los cuales emergieron cuatro categorías temáticas de prácticas de cuidado cultural: cuidado de la mujer consigo misma, cuidado del neonato por la madre/familia, cuidado institucional de la puérpera y del neonato, siendo la lactancia materna el factor común entre las ellas. Conclusiones: la identificación de diversas prácticas de cuidado postnatal en el ámbito hospitalario y ambulatorio varían por aspectos sociales, económicos y culturales, pero la mayoría de ellas favorecen el vínculo con el neonato. Es difícil establecer prácticas culturales generalizadas y estáticas en Colombia, debido a la diversidad cultural dentro de cada país.

Abstract Objective: To identify in the literature the cultural practices of postnatal care carried out by women and their families during the puerperium. Methodology: an integrative review was carried out through a search in the Gale Cengage Learning, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed and Medigraphic databases in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 2014 and 2019, using the terms: cultural care practices, puerperium care, newborn care and maternal and perinatal nursing care. The data were analyzed from the construction of a matrix in Excel. Results: A total of 70 articles were obtained, from which four thematic categories of cultural care practices emerged: self-care of the woman, care of the newborn by the mother/family, institutional care of the puerperal woman and the newborn, with breastfeeding being the common factor among them. Conclusions: the identification of different postnatal care practices in the hospital and outpatient settings varies according to social, economic and cultural aspects, but most of them favor bonding with the newborn. It is difficult to establish generalized and static cultural practices in Colombia due to the cultural diversity within each country.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar na literatura as práticas culturais de cuidado post natal que realizam as mulheres e sua família durante o puerpério. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa a través de busca nas bases de dados: Gale Cengage Learning, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed e Medigraphic em idiomas inglês, espanhol e português entre 2014 e 2019, utilizando os termos: práticas de cuidado cultural, cuidado no puerpério, cuidado ao recém-nascido e cuidado de enfermaria materna perinatal; os dados se analisaram a partir da construção de uma matriz em Excel. Resultados: obtiveram-se 70 artigos, dos quais emergiram quatro categorias temáticas de práticas de cuidado cultural: cuidado da mulher consigo mesma, cuidado do neonato pela mãe/família, cuidado institucional da puérpera e do neonato, sendo a lactância materna o fator comum entre elas. Conclusões: a identificação de diversas práticas de cuidado pós-natal no âmbito hospitalário e ambulatório variam por aspeitos sociais, econômicos e culturais, mas a maioria de elas favorece o vínculo com o neonato. É difícil estabelecer práticas culturais generalizadas e estáticas na Colômbia, devido à diversidade cultural dentro de cada país.

Video-retroalimentación Focalizado en los Recursos para mejorar la sensibilidad en díadas madre-infante con síntomas depresivos: protocolo de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado piloto / Strength-based Video-feedback to improve maternal sensitivity in mother-infant dyads with maternal depressive symptoms: Study protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial

Introduction Maternal sensitivity and mentalization are fundamental for children's mental health development. These skills have been negatively associated with maternal postpartum depressive symptomatology. Moreover, its prevalence increases in low socioeconomic and psychosocial risk contexts, where the access to treatment is scarce. Even though Attachment Based Interventios, such as Video-Feedback has been internationally recognized as an effective intervention. Its cost, as well as the need for language translation and cultural adaptation makes it difficult to implement in Latinamerican countries. Aim The present study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an online Video-Feedback intervention informed n mentalization aimed at mother-infant dyads with depressive symptomatology who attend Chilean public health centers. Method This is a pilot randomized clinical trial with two groups of 60 mother-infant dyads between 4 and 12 months of age. Participants will be randomly assigned to control and experimental groups in a 1:1 ratio. Even though both groups will receive usual treatment, the experimental group will also receive the present video-intervention. At the end of the study, feasibility will be assessed based on focus groups aimed at interveners and quantitative outcomes such as recruitment rate, questionnaire completion rate and intervention completeness. Acceptability will be assessed from in-depth interviews with participants. In addition, effect sizes of primary and secondary outcomes will be calculated. Expected results Results are expected to generate parameters to design a larger-scale clinical trial and to preliminary assess the effect of the reported mentalization-informed intervention on maternal sensitivity. Additionally, it seeks to contribute with a mental health intervention for low-income mother-infant dyads, which can be implemented remotely, at a low cost, and that would be suitable for implementation at a mental health care system policy. The protocol of this trial's design was registered at Clinical Trials (NCT04748731).

Introducción La sensibilidad y la mentalización materna constituyen competencias fundamentales para el desarrollo de la salud mental infantil. A su vez, dichas habilidades han sido negativamente asociadas con la presencia de sintomatología depresiva postparto, la cual aumenta su prevalencia en contextos de bajo nivel socioeconómico y riesgo psicosocial, en donde el acceso a tratamiento escasea. Paralelamente, si bien internacionalmente el video-retroalimentación constituye una herramienta efectiva en intervenciones basadas en el apego, el costo, idioma y necesidad de adaptación cultural dificultan su implementación en países latinoamericanos. Objetivo Evaluar la factibilidad y aceptabilidad de una video-intervención informada por la mentalización, dirigida a díadas madre-bebé con sintomatología depresiva, atendidas en centros públicos de atención en salud mental en Chile. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorio piloto con dos grupos de 60 díadas madre-bebé de entre 4 y 12 meses de edad, quienes serán asignados aleatoriamente a grupos control y experimental en una proporción de 1:1. Si bien ambos grupos recibirán el tratamiento habitual, el grupo experimental recibirá también la video-intervención. Al término del estudio se evaluará la factibilidad a partir de grupos focales dirigidos a interventores e indicadores de resultados cuantitativos tales como tasa de reclutamiento, de completación de cuestionarios y finalización de la intervención. La aceptabilidad se evaluará a partir de entrevistas en profundidad a las participantes. Adicionalmente se calculará tamaño del efecto de indicadores de resultados primarios y secundarios. Resultados esperados Se espera que los resultados del estudio generen parámetros para diseñar un ensayo clínico de mayor escala y evaluar preliminarmente el efecto de la intervención informada en la mentalización en la sensibilidad materna. Se busca además contribuir con una intervención en salud mental basada en la teoría del apego dirigida a díadas madre-bebé de bajos ingresos, que pueda ser implementada de manera remota, a bajo costo y apta para ser escalada a los sistemas de atención en salud mental.

Antenatal depression and its correlates - a cross-sectional study in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi

Background- Antenatal depression is affecting 10% pregnant women worldwide with higher prevalence in developing countries. This causes poor maternal and foetal outcome and also affects cognitive development of the child. Aim and objective: To estimate magnitude of antenatal depression and its risk factors. Methodology- A cross-sectional survey was done at the antenatal clinic of community health department catering to an urban resettlement colony, East Delhi. Estimated sample size was 216 (including 10% non-response rate). Pregnant women attending the ANC clinic from October 2019 to February 2020 were enrolled. EPDS questionnaire was used to assess depression during pregnancy. Results-The antenatal depression was found in 11.8% subjects as per EPDS score. Working female and belonging to Muslim religion, past history of abortion, complications in previous pregnancy, financial debt, physical violence and substance use in family showed significant association with antenatal depression. Conclusion –Depression was prevalent among antenatal women and was found to be associated with various risk factors.

Postpartum Depression and its Clinico-Social Correlates – A Community-Based Study in Aligarh

Context: Postpartum depression (PPD) is onset of depressive symptoms in postpartum period from 2 weeks to 1 year. It causes maternal morbidity and long?term negative effects on growth and development of infant and child. It is often unreported and underdiagnosed. Aims: (1) To estimate the prevalence of PPD,(2) To determine socio?demographic, clinical, and obstetric correlates of the same. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was done in urban and rural areas of District Aligarh. Methods: A total of 304 females between 6 weeks and 6 months’ postpartum period giving consent were included in this study. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinico-social factors were recorded using predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ?10 was used to screen for PPD and International Classification of Disease (ICD?10) criteria for confirmation. Statistical Analysis Used: Correlates of PPD were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of PPD was 9.5% using EPDS and was confirmed by ICD?10 criteria. History of abortion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.0, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.2–16.5), poor relationship with in?laws(AOR: 5.1; 95% CI 1.3–20.5), marital conflict (AOR: 13.3; 95% CI 2.2–77.6), and substance abuse in husband (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI 1.1–9.0) were found to be significant correlates for PPD. Conclusions: About one in every 10 postpartum females suffered from depression but did not seek health care for the same. Women facing social pathologies such as substance abuse in husband, marital conflict, and poor relationship with in?laws are more at risk of PPD. Screening for PPD should be included in the maternal and child health care programs to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Post-Natal Mothers Regarding Post-Natal Exercises

Postpartum exercises (PPE) are critical for the involution process past delivery. PPE affects the physical and psychological wellbeing of post-natal mothers. Clinical observation shows a lack of exercise in post natal units. physical exercise during post natal period is beneficial to mothers. Exercise done after delivery is called post-natal exercise. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample and data were collected using structured Knowledge Questionnaire. Majority of the post-natal mothers (68.33%) had inadequate knowledge; 28.33 percent post-natal mothers had moderate knowledge and lowest (3.33%) post-natal mothers had adequate knowledge regarding post-natal exercise

Urine Specific Gravity Measurement for Fluid Balance in Neonates on Intravenous Fluids in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Urine specific gravity reflects hydration status and correlates well with urine osmolality. Objective: To compare intravenous fluid therapy guided with and without inclusion of urine specific gravity to the standard parameters for maintaining postnatal weight loss within permissible limits in neonates admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted, including neonates requiring intravenous fluids for ?72 hours, randomized into the study (urine specific gravity guided fluids) and control arms. The outcomes of the study were to determine proportion of neonates with weight loss within permissible limits, mean percentage weight loss and number of days to reach maximum weight loss. Results: 80 preterm and term neonates (40 in each arm) were enrolled. A comparable proportion of neonates had weight loss within permissible limits in study arm and in control arms [39 (97.5%) vs 36 (90%); P=0.165]. The (mean (SD) percentage weight loss was significantly less in the study arm compared to control arm [All neonates: 7.2(2.6) vs 9.3(3.5); P=0.004); preterm neonates: 7.7 (2.8) vs 11 (3.9); P=0.008)]. Preterm neonates in the study arm attained nadir weight significantly earlier than in the controls (P=0.03) and attained complete enteral feeding earlier. Urine specific gravity showed a moderate negative correlation with the percentage weight loss. Conclusion: Using urine specific gravity to regulate intravenous fluids in neonates resulted in a significant reduction in postnatal weight loss, especially in preterm neonates

Determinants Of Maternal Mortality: An Empirical Study of Indian States Based on The Random Effect Model Analysis

Background: Healthcare for mothers and children is a significant indicator of a country's well-being. In-dia is one of the nations that were experiencing a rather slow improvement in maternal and child health. Aims: The objective of this study is to analyse the changes in health infrastructure, government health expenditure, antenatal care, postnatal care, institutional delivery, Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and the determinants of MMR in India. Methodology: The study is based on secondary data. It employs an Average Increasing Rate (AIR) and Average Reduction Rate (ARR), as well as a panel data random effect model. Results: Empirical results say MMR has a statistically significant inverse relationship with female litera-cy, Per capita Net State Domestic Product (PNSDP), and institutional delivery. The study concludes that after the introduction of NRHM and its constituent elements like JSY and JSSK, government expenditure on health, health infrastructure, the percentage of antenatal care, post-natal care, and institutional deliv-ery increased in most of the Indian states, thus helping to increase the pace of the reduction of MMR. However, state performance varies greatly. Conclusions: Policy alone will not provide the desired results; it is also critical to focus on education, particularly female literacy, and economic empowerment.

DEPRESSION STATUS AMONG THE FEMALES DURING THE FIRST POSTPARTUM PERIOD AT CLINICAL SETTINGS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES IN ARAR CITY, SAUDI ARABIA.

Background: Postpartum depression is one of the most common, but often unrecognized, complications of childbirth and is considered as a serious psychological disorder that can affect women during or after birth and during pregnancy. Its risk increases during the ?rst 90 days and can last up to nearly two years. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and correlate it with variables of obstetric and demographic predictors among females attending primary health care centres in Arar city. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out by using Arabic version of questionnaire of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) tool during the study period from August to September 2021. A total of 383 sample was taken by using convenience sampling method. Analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 30.5%. Multiple associated factors were found to be signi?cantly increase the risk of PPD such as: females who had caesarean section delivery, unplanned pregnancy, complicated pregnancy, their baby had medical problem and had no or less husband support, had psychiatric disorders, had chronic medical problem, taking chronic medication, had life stressor, low education and low income (P < 0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of PPD signi?cantly increase in females had caesarean section delivery compared to vaginal delivery (P = .002), females had rare support from the husband (P = .002), females had psychiatric disorders (P = 0.016) and had life stressor (P = .000). Conclusions: The prevalence of postpartum depression in the city of Alar was clearly high. Our study also showed important predictors that could be used to identify high-risk females. It is advisable to provide social support to females during both prenatal and postnatal periods. Regular screening of women for postpartum depression should be encouraged for early detection and prompt intervention

Bladder function in children with posterior urethral valves: impact of antenatal versus postnatal diagnosis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of congenital bladder obstruction in boys. Our aim was to assess the impact of early diagnosis and fulguration of PUVs on bladder function and compare their functional and urodynamic outcome with children who underwent delayed intervention. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 patients who underwent primary valve ablation from two tertiary hospitals between 2001 and 2018. Patients have been divided into 2 groups, group 1 included 69 patients who were detected antenatally and underwent early fulguration of PUVs while group 2 included 84 children presented postnatally and underwent delayed valve ablation. The recorded data throughout follow-up in renal function tests, urodynamics and changes in the upper urinary tracts were evaluated and compared. Results: Median age at time of valve ablation was 10 days in group 1 and 7 months in group 2. The median follow-up period was 6.5 and 7 years in group 1 and 2, respectively. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 15 (22%) boys in group 1 while in group 2 it was observed in 31 (37%), p=0.04. While Q-max, mean bladder capacity and post-void residual (PVR) volumes were comparable in both groups, percent PVR was significantly higher in group 2 (3.27 vs. 1.44, p=0.002). Detrusor overactivity was slightly different in both groups (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Compared to delayed intervention, primary ablation of PUVs during the early neonatal life possibly provides the optimum chance to have optimum renal function without impact on bladder function.