Effects of Human Postures on Flow Characteristics in Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate effects of human postures on flow characteristics of iliac vein compression syndrome. Methods The numerical model of iliac vein was reconstructed from CT images of a typical patient with pelvic-type iliac vein compression syndrome with collateral veins. Based on the computational fluid dynamics method, the non-Newtonian model and the porous media model were adopted to describe effects of abnormal structures on blood flow and acquire the wall shear stress and pressure of iliac vein. The discrete phase model was used to study the residence conditions of erythrocytes under three human postures. Results The pressure gradient at two ends of the compressive region was lowest under lying state, while the iliac vein showed a high pressure under sitting and walking states. The local maximum wall shear stresses under three postures were found at narrow segment of the collateral vein and convergence region of two flows of right iliac vein. The maximum shear stress was largest under lying state and smallest under sitting state. The blood residence time of 52.2 s in the left iliac vein was the longest under sitting state. The residence time of 14.8 s was shortest under lying state. The blood residence time was 23.8 s under walking state. Conclusions Porous media model used to simulate the effect of abnormal structures was highly consistent with the angiography data. The venous hypertension under sitting and walking states was consistent with the clinical results, and the lying state could relieve the hypertensive condition. In terms of wall shear stress and blood residence time in iliac vein, the continual change between three human postures would cause endothelial damage and blood flow stasis alternately, thus increase the risk of thrombosis.

Impacto de las posturas forzadas en los docentes odontólogos de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes

Introducción: Muy poco se habla acerca de las malas posturas en la práctica clínica diaria y sus consecuencias en la salud de los profesionales odontólogos a corto y largo plazo, el ejercicio de esta profesión implica estar expuestos constantemente a presentar ciertos problemas de salud ocupacional. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de las diferentes posturas que generan molestias corporales en relación con la especialidad y el análisis de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos y su asociación con los años de la profesión en docentes odontólogos de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes. Método: La investigación fue de tipo observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta en enero de 2023 a un grupo de 46 profesionales de Odontología, determinada como una muestra de tipo intencional no probabilística de forma intencionada. Se consideró la prueba no paramétrica de Ji cuadrado de Pearson, que por la naturaleza de sus variables de tipo cualitativo probó posibles asociaciones entre las estas. Resultados: De todas las posibles asociaciones entre las variables, la que se mostró notablemente significativa correspondió al tiempo de profesión y las molestias principalmente detectadas en la parte baja de la espalda y cuello; lo que denotaría que a mayor tiempo tenga el ejercicio clínico, mayores serán las molestias detectadas como parte de posturas forzadas que adoptan los profesionales. Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación o relación significativa entre los años de profesión y los síntomas detectados en los profesionales de Odontología encuestados; lo que indica que a mayor tiempo en el ejercicio clínico pueden devenir mayores problemas a nivel ergonómico. Es importante considerar la aplicación de medidas interventoras para mejorar los aspectos de salud ocupacional, ergonomía e higiene postural.

Introduction: Very little is said about bad posture in daily clinical practice and its consequences on the health of dental professionals in the short and long term; the practice of this profession implies being constantly exposed to certain occupational health problems. Objective: To determine the frequency of the different postures that generate body discomfort in relation to the specialty and the analysis of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with the years of the profession in dental teachers at the Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes. Method: The research was observational, transversal and descriptive. A survey was applied in January 2023 to a group of 46 dental professionals, determined as an intentional non-probabilistic sample. The non-parametric Pearson's Chi-square test was considered, which due to the nature of its qualitative variables tested possible associations between them. Results: Of all the possible associations between the variables, the one that was notably significant corresponded to the time of profession and the discomforts mainly detected in the lower back and neck; which would denote that the longer the clinical practice lasts, the greater the discomfort detected as part of forced postures adopted by professionals. Conclusions: A significant association or relationship was found between years of profession and the symptoms detected in the dental professionals surveyed; which indicates that the longer the time spent in clinical practice, the greater the potential for ergonomic problems. It is important to consider the application of intervention measures to improve aspects of occupational health, ergonomics and postural hygiene.

Introdução: Muito pouco se fala sobre a má postura na prática clínica diária e suas consequências na saúde dos profissionais de odontologia a curto e longo prazo; o exercício desta profissão implica estar constantemente exposto a determinados problemas de saúde ocupacional. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência das diferentes posturas que geram desconforto corporal em relação à especialidade e a análise dos distúrbios musculoesqueléticos e sua associação com os anos de profissão em professores de odontologia da Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes. Método: A pesquisa foi observacional, transversal e descritiva. Uma pesquisa foi aplicada em janeiro de 2023 a um grupo de 46 profissionais de odontologia, determinado como uma amostra não probabilística intencional. Foi considerado o teste não paramétrico Qui-quadrado de Pearson, que pela natureza de suas variáveis qualitativas testou possíveis associações entre elas. Resultados: De todas as associações possíveis entre as variáveis, a que se mostrou significativamente significativa correspondeu ao tempo de profissão e aos desconfortos detectados principalmente na região lombar e pescoço; o que denotaria que quanto mais tempo dura a prática clínica, maior é o desconforto detectado nas posturas forçadas adotadas pelos profissionais. Conclusões: Foi encontrada associação ou relação significativa entre os anos de profissão e os sintomas detectados nos profissionais de odontologia pesquisados; o que indica que quanto maior o tempo gasto na prática clínica, maior o potencial para problemas ergonômicos. É importante considerar a aplicação de medidas de intervenção para melhorar aspectos de saúde ocupacional, ergonomia e higiene postural.

Ergonomic Risk Assessment On Selected Hot-Work Workers At Company XXX

@#Company XXX is a factory that involving manufacturing of offshore containers in where the hot works are one of the crucial activities in fabrication and structuring the framework of the containers. This study had been conducted at hot work section to conduct initial and advanced ergonomic risk assessment to identify ergonomic risk factors involved among hot-work workers which cause the significant number of reports on ergonomic related health issues at hot works area from the year 2011 to year 2017. The initial and advanced ergonomic risk assessment had been conducted based on DOSH latest release of guideline on ergonomic risk assessment 2017 and all findings had been tabulated and analysed. Based on the intial ergonomic assessment, total score achived is 17.7 with main risk factors identified through the hot work acticties are including awkward postures, repetitive motions, static and sustained work postures, vibration, insufficient ventilation, exposure of noise and working in extreme temperature. Based on Advanced ERA conducted on selected 3 workers, the study shows Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) with average score for risk level shown ‘High’ and ‘Very High’ categories, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) with average total score more than 10 which categorized as ‘High Risk’ and Quick Exposure Check (QEC) which shown the workers have very high risk for back and shoulder or arm parts with score level are between 29 to 40 for back static and 41 to 56 for shoulder and arm parts. Based on results of the assessment, company XXX recommended had been to conduct further investigation for improvements to determine effective control measure for the work process in order to reduce that risk level towards the hot work workers.

Assessment of work-related musculoskeletal morbidity, perceived causes and preventive activities practiced to reduce morbidity among brick field workers

Background: Heavy load transportation, repetitive movements and abnormal posture are prevalent among brick field workers which lead to musculoskeletal morbidity. Aims & Objectives: Assessment of work-related musculoskeletal morbidity, perceived causes and preventive activities practiced by brick field workers. Material & Methods: It was a cross sectional study from July 2018 to April 2019. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommendations was used to assess preventive activities practiced by workers. Results: Most common site of musculoskeletal symptoms was shoulder (82%). Lifting weight for long distance (79%), repetitive gesture (59.5%) and bending trunk for long duration (53%) were the causes of musculoskeletal morbidity. Conclusion: Majority of male workers worked in the field for six to seven days per week and minor burns among them was common comparing to female. Most of the workers perceived, lifting weight for long distance was the major cause of musculoskeletal morbidity.

Assessments of Physical Workload in Sonography Tasks Using Inclinometry, Goniometry, and Electromyography

BACKGROUND: Echocardiography involves strenuous postures of the upper limbs. This study explored the physical workload in the neck and upper limbs in sonographers performing echocardiography, and the extent to which the workload differs from than in other work tasks (other sonographic examinations, and nonsonographic tasks). METHODS: The physical load was assessed by inclinometry, goniometry, and electromyography methods in 33 female sonographers during authentic work using three different echocardiography techniques and other work tasks. RESULTS: Echocardiography was characterized by low velocities of the head, arms, and wrists, and a low proportion of muscular resting time in the forearms, in the transducer limb, and the computer limb. The transducer limb was more elevated in one of the techniques, but this technique also involved a higher proportion of muscular resting time of the trapezius muscle. We also found a high proportion of awkward wrist postures in the transducer wrist in all three techniques; in one due to prolonged flexion, and in the others due to prolonged extension. Other work tasks were less static, and were performed with higher upper arm and wrist velocities. CONCLUSION: None of the three echocardiography techniques was optimal concerning physical workload. Thus, to achieve more variation in physical load we recommend that the equipment be arranged so that the sonographer can alternate between two different techniques during the workday. We also propose alternation between echocardiography and nonsonographic tasks, in order to introduce variation in the physical workload. Clinical expertise should be used to achieve further improvements.

¿Qué tan prevalentes son las lesiones osteomusculares en el campo de la informática? / How prevalent are musculoskeletal injuries in the field of computer science?

Contexto: los problemas osteomusculares relacionados al tipo de trabajo constituyen enfermedades ocupacionales frecuentes a nivel mundial; es importante determinar tempranamente la prevalencia de síntomas músculo-esqueléticos en trabajadores de oficina y desarrollar estrategias para prevenir y reducir su ocurrencia. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las posturas ergonómicas inadecuadas y la aparición de lesiones osteomusculares Sujetos y métodos: trabajadores de áreas administrativas que usan computadoras en la ciudad de Quito, mediante un estudio transversal aplicado en 114 trabajadores de oficina. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y laborales. La exposición a posturas inadecuadas se determinó mediante un cuestionario con gráficos para receptar las percepciones del entrevistado así como la identificación de posturas adecuadas e inadecuadas que mantienen los sujetos en estudio. Para valorar aspectos de salud se utilizó un cuestionario de síntomas osteomusculares; la asociación entre variables se analizó con la prueba x2 y se estimó el prevalence odds ratio (POR). Resultados: el 65,8% de los entrevistados presentaron síntomas osteomusculares, siendo más prevalente el dolor osteomuscular en hombres (57,3%) respecto al grupo de mujeres (42,7%). El 50,7% de los trabajadores reportó trabajar más de 7 horas frente al computador. En los últimos tres meses se reportó sintomatología en espalda (36,7%), cuello (33%) y mano-muñeca derecha (9,6%). El POR para dolor de miembros superiores fue 2,42 (IC 0,98-5,49) que si bien incluye valores menores a uno, establece una carga de riesgo importante para el tipo de trabajo que ejecutan los evaluados. Los demás síntomas no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: la ocupación administrativa obliga a realizar movimientos repetitivos de muñecas y dedos, acompañados de una contracción estática de los músculos cervicales y dorsales, que se transforman con el pasar de los años en tensión muscular, incrementando de esta forma el riesgo de presentar lesiones músculo esqueléticas (LME) como se observa en este estudio. (AU)

Context: musculoskeletal problems related to the type of work are frequent occupational diseases worldwide; It is important to determine early the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in office workers and develop strategies to prevent and reduce their occurrence. Objective: to determine the relationship between inadequate ergonomic postures and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries Subjects and methods: workers of administrative areas that use computers in the city of Quito, through a cross-sectional study applied in 114 office workers. Sociodemographic and labor data were collected. The exposure to inappropriate postures was determined by means of a questionnaire with graphics to receive the perceptions of the interviewee as well as the identification of adequate and inadequate postures that the subjects under study maintain. To assess health aspects, a questionnaire of musculoskeletal symptoms was used; The association between variables was analyzed with the x2 test and the prevalence odds ratio (POR) was estimated. Results: 65.8% of the interviewees presented musculoskeletal symptoms, with osteomuscular pain being more prevalent in men (57.3%) than in the group of women (42.7%). 50.7% of workers reported working more than 7 hours in front of the computer. In the last three months, symptomatology was reported in the back(36.7%), neck (33%) and right hand-wrist (9.6%). The POR for upper limb pain was 2.42 (CI 0.98-5.49) which, although it includes values lower than one, establishes a significant risk burden for the type of work performed by the evaluated. The other symptoms were not statistically significant. Conclusion: the administrative occupation requires repetitive movements of wrists and fingers, accompanied by a static contraction of the cervical and dorsal muscles, which are transformed over the years into muscle tension, thus increasing the risk of muscle injuries.skeletal (SCI) as observed in this study. (AU)

Análise da postura e da flexibilidade de atletas de cheerleading / Analysis of posture and flexibility of cheerleading athletes

O cheerleading é um esporte que, antigamente, tinha como objetivo animar as torcidas nos intervalos de jogos, entretanto evoluiu para um esporte com uma exigência física elevada para os atletas que o competem. Uma boa postura e flexibilidade são importantes para prevenir as lesões. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a postura e a flexibilidade das atletas de cheerleading. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com a participação de 17 atletas sendo a postura avaliada por meio de fotos analisadas pelo software de avaliação postural SAPO versão 0.68. A flexibilidade foi aferida pelo teste de sentar e alcançar utilizando o Banco de Wells. Os dados da postura e da flexibilidade foram relacionados com a posição do atleta no time. Os resultados mostraram que os atletas flyers apresentaram maior flexibilidade quando comparados às bases, que apresentam maiores alterações em alinhamento horizontal de cabeça, ombro, EIAS, tuberosidade da tíbia, alteração dos ângulos Q direito e esquerdo e o ângulo entre os acrômios e as EIAS, não se observou alterações relacionadas com lateralidade. Conclui-se que as flyers são mais flexíveis que as bases, as bases apresentam mais alterações e não houve predominância de alterações com relação ao lado do corpo. (AU)

The cheerleading is a sport with the purpose of encouraging the gaming crowd animate, however evolved into a sport with high physical demand for the athletes who compete it. Good posture and flexibility are important to prevent injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the posture and flexibility of cheerleading athletes. A cross-sectional study with the participation of 17 athletes and posture assessed by photos analyzed by postural assessment software SAPO version 0.68. Flexibility was measured by the test sit and reach using the Wells's Bank. The posture and flexibility data were related to the athlete's position in the team. The results shows that the flyers athletes are more flexible when compared to the bases, which have more changes in horizontal alignment of head, shoulder, ASIS, tibial tuberosity, change the Q right angles and left and the angle between the acromial and the ASIS, there was no change related to laterality. It follows that the flyers are more flexible than the bases, the bases have more changes and no predominance of change with respect to the sides. (AU)

Do faces and body postures integrate similarly for distinct emotions, kinds of emotion and judgent dimensions? / ¿Las caras y posturas corporales se integran de forma similar para distintas emociones, las clases de emoción y dimensiones del juicio?

Faces and bodies are typically seen together in most social interactions, rendering probable that facial and bodily expressions are perceived and eventually processed simultaneously. The methodology of Information Integration Theory and Functional Measurement was used here to address the following questions: Under what rules do facial and bodily information integrate in judgments over different dimensions of so-called basic and self-conscious emotions? How does relative importance of face and body vary across emotions and judgment dimensions? Does the relative importance of face and body afford a basis for distinguishing between basic and self-conscious emotions? Three basic (happiness, anger, sadness) and two social self-conscious emotions (shame and pride) were considered in this study. Manipulated factors were 3-D realistic facial expressions (varied across 5 levels of intensity) and synthetic 3-D realistic body postures (3 levels of intensity). Different groups of participants judged expressed intensity, valence, or arousal of the combined presentations of face and body, meaning that judgment dimension was varied between-subjects. With the exception of arousal judgments, averaging was the predominant integration rule. Relative importance of face and body was found to vary as a function of judgment dimension, specific emotions and, for judgments of arousal only, type of emotion (basic versus self-conscious).

Caras y cuerpos son típicamente observados en conjunto en muchas de las interacciones sociales, haciendo probable que tanto las expresiones faciales como las expresiones corporales sean percibidas y eventualmente procesadas simultaneamente. La metodología de la Teoría de Integración de la Información y la Medición Funcional fue usada en este estúdio para contestar las siguientes preguntas: ¿bajo qué reglas son integradas las informaciones faciales y corporales en los juicios sobre diferentes dimensiones de las llamadas emociones autoconcientes?, ¿cómo la importáncia relativa de la cara y del cuerpo varían a través de las emociones y las dimensiones de los juicios? ¿La importancia relativa de la cara y del cuerpo permiten tener una base para para diferenciar entre las emociones básicas y las autoconcientes? En este estudio se consideraron tres emociones básicas (felicidad, ira y tristeza) y dos emociones autoconcientes (verguenza y orgullo). Los factores manipulados fueron las expresiones faciales realistas en modelos de 3D (variadas a través e 5 niveles de intensidad) y posiciones corporales realistas en modelos de 3D (que variaron en 3 niveles de intensidad). Diferentes grupos de participantes juzgaron la intensidad de las expresiones, la valencia, o la estimulación de las diferentes presentaciones de combinaciones de caras y cuerpos, el significado de las dimesiones del juicio fue variado entre-sujetos. Con excepción de los juicios sobre la estimulación, la regla de integración del promedio fue la predominante. La importancia relativa de la cara y del cuerpo fueron observadas al variar en función de las dimensiones del juicio, de las emociones específicas y, en el caso de los juicios de estimulación solo para un tipo de emoción (básicas versus autoconscientes).

The effectiveness of the head-turn-plus-chin-down maneuver for eliminating vallecular residue

ABSTRACT Purpose When swallowing efficiency is impaired, residue accumulates in the pharynx. Cued or spontaneous swallows in the head neutral position do not always successfully clear residue. We investigated the impact of a novel maneuver on residue clearance by combining a head turn with the chin down posture. Methods Data were collected from 26 participants who demonstrated persistent vallecular residue after an initial head neutral clearance swallow in videofluoroscopy. Participants were cued to perform a head-turn-plus-chin-down swallow, with the direction of head turn randomized. Pixel-based measures of residue in the vallecular space before and after the maneuver were made on still frame lateral images using ImageJ software. Measures of % full and the Normalized Residue Ratio Scale (NRRS) were extracted. Univariate analyses of variance were used to detect significant reductions in residue. Results On average, pre-maneuver measures showed residue filling 56-73% of the valleculae, depending on stimulus consistency (NRRS scores: 0.2-0.4). More than 80% of pre-swallow measures displayed NRRS ratios > 0.06, a threshold previously linked to increased risk of post-swallow aspiration. Conclusion The head-turn-plus-chin-down maneuver achieved significant reductions in residue for thin and nectar-thick fluids, suggesting that this maneuver can be effective in reducing persistent vallecular residue with these consistencies.

Analysis of influence factors on the elasticity measurement of focal liver lesions with real-time shear wave elastography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To study the influence factors of real-time shear wave elastography(SWE) on the elasticity of focal liver lesions (FLLs) measurement.Methods The mean Young's modulus of 160 FLLs were measured by SWE.The relation between elasticity with different aspects of FLLs were analyzed including postures (supine and left lateral position),respiratory phases (end of inspiratory and expiratory),the probe position (rib and intercostal space) and different operators.Results There were significant differences between different postures and respiratory phases in the elasticity measurement of FLLs by SWE (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference between robe position and different operators in the elasticity measurement of FLLs by SWE(P ＞0.05).Conclusions The postures and respiratory phases can impact the elasticity measurement of FLLs by SWE.

Effects of two methods for deep endotracheal sputum suction / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effects of two methods for deep endotracheal suction.Methods Forty patients who had ineffective airway clearance or lung infections or refused suction were randomly divided into observation group (n=21) and control group (n=19).Temporay airway was established by using oropharyngeal airway.Then,the control group received subglottic suction after pading the shoulder with ordinary pillow (≤10cm),while the observation group received subglottic suction after pading the shoulder with homemade pillow (=15cm).The two groups were compared in terms of sputum suction effect and mucosal injury.Results There was no incidence of mucosal injury in the observation group but three in the control group.The times of suctioning in the observation group were fewer than those of the control group and the volume for suctioning was larger as well (allP<0.05).Conclusion Deep endotracheal suction through oropharyngeal airway,shoulder elevation for 15cm,temporary indwelling of suction tubes can achieve better suction effect without corresponding complications.

Caracterização dos fatores ambientais e o controle cervical de lactentes nascidos pré-termo / Characterization of the environmental factors and pre-term infant's cervical control

Caracterizar os fatores ambientais e a aquisição do controle cervical dos lactentes nascidos pré-termo, de recém-nascido aos 4 meses de idade corrigida, nas posturas prona e sentada. Metodologia:Participaram do estudo 18 lactentes, sendo 9 pré-termo (33 semanas ± 2 semanas) e 9 a termo (39semanas ± 1 semana). Foi aplicado o Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP), para avaliar o controle cervical dos lactentes, e um questionário para as mães, mês a mês. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa no desenvolvimento do controle cervical entre os grupos no decorrer dos meses, mas os lactentes nascidos a termo apresentaram escore superior ao pré-termo nos itens 32, 35 e 36 da escala TIMP na idade de recém-nascido. Conclusão: Sugere-se que a diferença de escore na idade de RN entre os grupos pode estar relacionada tanto com as alterações orgânicas que os lactentes pré-termo apresentam quanto aos fatores ambientais.

Objective: To characterize the environmental factors and the acquisition of cervical control by preterm infants, from newborn to 4 months of corrected age, in the prone and sitting positions. Methodology: The study included 18 infants, 9 preterm (33 weeks ± 2 weeks) and 9 term (39 weeks ± 1 week). We applied the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) to evaluate infants' cervical control and a questionnaire to the mothers every month. Results: No significant differences in the cervical control development were found between the groups over the months, but the term infants had a high TIMP score in comparison with the preterm group in items 32, 35 and 36 in newborn age. Conclusion: It's suggested that the difference in score at the age of newborn between the groups may be related to the both organic changes, that preterm has, such as the environmental factors.

Study in influence of different body postures on the measurement of central venous pressure for patients after upper abdominal surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the changes on the value of CVP with different body postures after upper abdominal surgery in order to provide accurate basis for better monitoring of central venous pressure(CVP). Methods The CVP, blood pressure,pulse,respiration of 43 patients after upper abdom-inal surgery with indwelling central venous catheter were measured under supine position, 15°dorsal ele-vated position and 30°dorsal elevated position.The data were collected for correlation and regression analysis. Results The CVP value increased with the elevation of body postures,the CVP value under supine position was linearly positively correlated with the other two positions(P<0.01).The regression e-quation of supine position and 15°dorsal elevated position was:Y=1.009X1+0.811; the regression equation of supine position and 30°dorsal elevated position was:Y=1.005X2+1.630. Conclusions Through moni-toring the CVP value under 15°dorsal elevated position and 30°dorsal elevated position,and substitute it in equation,we can evaluate the CVP value under supine position.

Effect of Pulling and Rotating Manipulation in Different Postures on Intradiscal Pressure of the Cervical Spinal Cord / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To compare the effect of pulling and rotating manipulation in different cervical postures on intradiscal pressure of the cervical spinal cord.Methods Quantitative simulation of pulling and rotating manipulation was performed on 6 fresh corpse cervical samples by Mechanical Testing & Simulation(MTS) system in different cervical postures of 20 degrees of anteflexion,neutral position,and 20 degrees of posterior extension,and the changes of intramedullary pressure of intervertebral C3/4,C4/5 and C6/7 were measured.Results The intradiscal pressure of intervertebral C3/4 and C4/5 in the posture of 20 degrees of posterior extension at the end of pulling manipulation by 200N and when the posture returned to the primary after pulling and rotating manipulation was less than that in the posture of 20 degrees of anteflexion(P

Posturas adotadas e a ocorrência de cervicodorsolombalgia nos trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação / Adopted postures and the back pain occurrence in the nursing workers in an unit of internment

Este estudo teve por objetivos identificar as posturas adotadas pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem durante a assistência prestada ao paciente e verificar as queixas de cervicodorsolombalgia relativas a essas posturas. Os dados foram coletados junto a 25 trabalhadores de enfermagem, sendo 6 enfermeiras e 19 auxiliares de enfermagem, que exerciam suas atividades em 2 unidades de internação de um hospital público na cidade de Marília, SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada em três etapas: a primeira constou da análise do ambiente de trabalho e do mobiliário, a segunda da observação das posturas corporais adotadas pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem durante a realização das atividades de banho no leito, banho de aspersão com auxílio, transferência do paciente da cama para maca, da cama para a cadeira de rodas e vice-versa e mudança de decúbito, e a terceira etapa de um formulário onde se buscou o perfil dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e as queixas de cervicodorsolombalgia. Para a observação das posturas foi utilizado um instrumento elaborado com base no modelo proposto por Lee e Chiou (1995), que se fundamentaram no OWAS - Ovako working Posture Analyzing System e criaram um sistema de análise ergonômica das posturas de trabalho especificamente para o pessoal de enfermagem. Os resultados apontaram que os trabalhadores convivem com problemas relacionados aos espaços restritos dos banheiros das unidades de internação onde atuam, e com camas e macas com alturas fixas e incompatíveis com as suas características antropométricas, favorecendo a adoção de posturas incorretas e conseqüentemente o aparecimento de dor na coluna vertebral. A atividade na qual os trabalhadores apresentaram mais posturas incorretas foi a de transferência do paciente da cama para a cadeira de descanso, seguida da mudança de decúbito, banho no leito, banho de aspersão com auxílio e transferência do paciente da cama para a maca. Observou-se também que, ) considerando o tempo médio em que esses trabalhadores permaneceram com a postura inadequada, a atividade que mais apresentou posturas penosas, foi a mudança de decúbito (8m 33s), seguida do banho no leito (4m 59s). Todas as enfermeiras e 94,70% dos auxiliares de enfermagem entrevistados relataram queixas de dor na coluna, sendo as regiões lombar e cervical as mais acometidas; quanto a intensidade da dor, a moderada foi a referida com maior freqüência; o absenteísmo e a redução das atividades diárias também foram referidas, assim como a busca por auxílio médico. A maioria dos trabalhadores consideraram que as atividades de enfermagem exigem grande esforço físico, sendo a transferência dos pacientes e a mudança de decúbito as relacionadas com maior freqüência de ocorrência de dor na coluna vertebral.

This study had for objectives to identify the postures adopted by the nursing workers during the attendance rendered the patient and to verify the complaints of relative back pain to those postures. The data were collected 25 nursing workers close to, being 6 nurses and 19 assistants of nursing, that exercised its activities in 2 units of internment of a public hospital in the city of Marília, SP. The collection of data was accomplished in three stages: the first consisted of the analysis of the work atmosphere and of the furniture, second of the observation of the corporal postures adopted by the nursing workers during the accomplishment of the bathing activities in the bed; aspersion bathing with aid, the patient's of the bed transfer for stretcher, of the bed for to wheel chairs and vice-versa and decubitus change, and the third stage of a form where was looked for the nursing worker's profile and the back pain complaints. For the observation of the postures an instrument elaborated with base in the model proposed by Lee; Chiou (1995), that were based in OWAS - Ovako working Posture Analyzing System and they speficically created a system of ergonomic analysis of the work postures for the nursing personnel. The results aimed that the workers live together with problems related to the restricted spaces of the bathrooms of the units of internment where act, and with beds and stretchers with fixed and incompatible heights whit its characteristic anthropometrics, favoring the adoption of incorrect postures and consequently the pain appearance in the spine. The activity in which the workers presented more incorrect postures was the one of the patient's of the bed transfer for the rest chair, followed by the decubitus change, bathing in the bed, aspersion bathing with I aid and the patient's of the bed transfer for the stretcher. It was also observed that, considering the medium time in that those workers stayed with the inadequate posture, the activity that more it presented painful postures, it went to decubitus change (8m 33s), followed by the bathing in the bed (4m 59s). All the nurses and 94.7% of the nursing interviewees's assistants told pain complaints in the column, being the lumbar and cervical areas the more assaults; as the intensity of the pain, the moderate went to have referred with larger frequency; the abseenteism and the reduction of the daily activities were also referred, as well as the search for medical aid. Most of the workers considered that the nursing activities demand great physical effort, being the patient's transfer and the decubitus change the related with larger frequency of pain occurrence in the spine.

A Relationship between Cumulative Trauma Disorder and the Type of Workstations and Chairs in Workers with Repetitive Motion Tasks / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) and the types of workstation and chair in workers with repetitive motion tasks. METHODS: The study subjects were 77 repetitive motion tasks workers at small manufacturing industries in Seoul and Gyung-gi district area. A questionnaire was used to obtain about health practice for prevention and prevalence of CTDs by worker. The type of Workstations and chairs in workers were measured and analyzed with prevalence of CTDs by logistic regression. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of workers recognized that work posture was related to workstation and chair. Most employers and employees didn't follow the work practice guidelines for workers with repetitive motion tasks. The prevalence of CTDs was 64% by questionnaire. The prevalence of pain in shoulder, neck, back, and arm were 38%, 15%, 6%, and 5%, respectively, and the pain started after working an average duration of 16.5 months. The CTDs symptoms were significantly related to thickness of workstation, height of workstation, length of knee depth under workstation, height of back rest, height of seat pan, depth of sitting surface, width of sitting surface, and length from workstation surface edge to shoulder. By multiple regression analysis of each risk factor, prevalence of CTDs was highly correlated with height of back rest, height of seat pan, and depth of sitting surface. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that workstations should be made adjustable for height and chairs should be equipped with seat pan height control, enough sitting surface for depth and width, back rest height and angle control. The workers should use the right working postures, exercise for health, occupational health education, and rest breaks and the manager of company should be educated for the preventing of CTDs.