Protective mechanism of tea polyphenols in potassium dichromate-induced acute renal injury in mice / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of tea polyphenols and its mechanism in potassium dichromate(PD)-induced acute renal injury in mice. METHODS: The specific pathogen free weaned Kunming mice were divided into control group, model group and low-, middle-and high-dose tea polyphenols groups, with 12 mice in each group. Mice in the control group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and mice in other four groups were given PD solution with 4.275 mg/kg body weight every morning by intragastric administration. Then, mice in the control group and model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the afternoon, while mice in the low-, middle-and high-dose tea polyphenols groups were given 0.3 mL tea polyphenols solution with a dose of 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively by gavage, once a day for two consecutive weeks. The body mass of mice was weighed during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed. The kidneys were removed and weighed. The kidney organ coefficients were calculated. The levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum were determined by two-point method, the activities of catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in serum of mice were detected by colorimetry. The pathological change of kidney in mice was observed. RESULTS: The body weight of mice in the model group decreased(P<0.05), while the kidney mass, renal organ coefficient, serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine increased(all P<0.05), and the serum activities of CAT and GSH-Px decreased(all P<0.05) compared with the control group. The body weight of mice in the three tea polyphenols groups increased(all P<0.05), while the kidney mass, renal organ coefficient, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in serum decreased(all P<0.05), and the activities of CAT and GSH-Px in serum increased with the increasing intervention dose of tea polyphenols(all P<0.05) compared with the model group. The change of acute renal injury was mainly caused by renal tubular injury in the model group. The pathological changes of renal tissue in the three tea polyphenols intervention groups were improved compared to that in the model group, and the improvement showed a dose-effect relationship with the intervention of tea polyphenols. CONCLUSION: Tea polyphenols have a protective effect on PD-induced acute renal injury with a dose-effect relationship. Its mechanism of action is related to the fact that tea polyphenols can reduce or reverse oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney.

Selenium Modulates Hepatorenal Damage And Genotoxicity Induced By Potassium Dichromate In Adult Albino Rats

Background: Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a major environmental pollutant and is known for its widetoxic manifestations. The present study shows the protective role of selenium (Na2SeO3) against chromiuminduced hepatorenal toxicity.Materials and Methods: Sixty adult albino rats were divided into four groups of fifteen each. Group I is controlgroup which received standard diet; group II received K2Cr2O7 (67mg/kg B.W) in drinking water; group IIIreceived selenium only (0.5 ìg/kg B.W) and group IV received both K2Cr2O7 (67mg/kg B.W) and selenium (0.5 ìg/kg B.W) for 6 weeks.Results: Selenium supplementation to the group IV improved all the kidney and liver chemical function parameters.In addition, it down-regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress genes.Conclusion: The biochemical results confirmed the improvement of histopathological findings. Therefore, ourstudy revealed that selenium was effective in preventing K2Cr2O7-induced hepatorenal toxicity.

Amelioration of the nephrotoxic effect of potassium dichromate by whey protein and/or Nigella sativa oil in male albino rats.

Even though whey protein complex derived from milk, is being touted as a functional food with a number of health benefits, so far its full mechanistic effect has not been deeply explicated, which is the target of this study. For this reason, we observed the 2 months protection influence of whey protein (100 & 200 mg/kg, p.ob.wt.) and/or oil of Nigella sativa (5ml/kg, p.ob.wt.) against intoxicated rats with single dose of potassium dichromate (30mg/Kg, I.P) at the end of protection period. On the biochemical level, whey protein and/or oil of Nigella sativa were changed the potassium dichromate renal toxicity consequences, where it showed a significant improvement in the creatinine, urea, protein, uric acid and sodium levels. While in the tissue level (Kidney), it revealed a significant enhancement in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes as compared to nephrotoxic group. Moreover, whey protein and/or oil of Nigella sativa reduced the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory mediators like tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) induced by potassium dichromate and alleviation the histopathological changes caused by the intoxication. These results give a new vision into the hopeful mechanisms that modulated numerous factors induced renal injury.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Chromium Allergy in a Single University Hospital in Korea / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Chromium is one of the most common metal allergens that cause allergic contact dermatitis. European regulation of chromium (VI) content in cement was first implemented in 2005, and regulation of chromium in leather in 2015. OBJECTIVE: This clinical study was performed to obtain basic data on subjects with allergic contact dermatitis due to chromium in Korea. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with chromium allergy among subjects with contact dermatitis who underwent patch tests. METHODS: Patch test data from June 1998 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed (n=975; men=290, women=685). Patients who showed positive reactions to potassium dichromate (chromium [+] group; n=58) and who showed positive reactions to other allergens except potassium dichromate (others [+] group; n=497) were identified and the characteristics of both groups were compared. Patients who only reacted to chromium (only chromium group; n=17) were identified, and their clinical characteristics were investigated. The prevalence of chromium allergy was analyzed in each 4-year period to study the changes over time. RESULTS: The sensitization rate of potassium dichromate was 5.9% (n=58) and women comprised 72.4% (n=42) of the chromium (+) group. Hands and feet were more frequently affected in the chromium (+) group (p=0.002 and 0.019, respectively). Occupational dermatitis was significantly less common in the chromium (+) group. Chromium allergy was the most prevalent in patients in their 50s (8.4%). The only chromium group had significantly more number of patients aged 40 years or older (p=0.004). The prevalence of chromium allergy was 13.5% during 1998~2002, but decreased to 5.4% during 2010~2014. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of patients with chromium allergy suggests that chromium exposure in daily activities, including leather exposure, is more relevant than occupational exposure for most patients. The prevalence of chromium allergy has been decreasing in Korea, which may be an effect of voluntary regulation of chromium content in cement by manufacturers.

Therapeutic effect on treating chronic cervicitis by antibiotics combined with the local drugs / 中国现代医生

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between ceftriaxone sodium combined with 5% potassium dichromate solution and ceftriaxone sodium combined with Guizhifuling capsule which treated the chroniccervicitis re-spectively. Methods A total of 103 cases of chronic cervicitis were randomly divided into two groups,both were in cef-triaxone sodium intravenous infusion,1g/day/time. On the basis of continuous intravenous injected for 7 days,the control group involved 50 patients treated with ceftriaxone sodium combined with 5% potassium dichromate solution, once a month,two consecutive times for a course of treatment. The study group(53 cases)was treated with ceftriaxone sodium combined with Guizhifuling capsule by local administration,3 days/times,5 times for 1 course of treatment (15 days). The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed after 3 months. The change of VEGF and NKTs in both groups of patients before and after treatment was observed, and the correlations were further analyzed. Results The cure rate of the control group was 42.0%,the total effective rate was 76.0%;the cure rate of the research roup was 47.2%,the to-tal effective rate was 90.6%,the difference was significant (χ2=3.96,P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that VEGF was positively correlated with NKTs in different classification of patients with chronic cervicitis (P<0.05). After treat-ment, VEGF and NKTs between the two groups increased significantly. Compared with the control group, and there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone sodium combined with Guizhifuling capsule in local treatment of chronic cervicitis is better than that of ceftriaxone sodium combined with 5%potassium dichromate solution.

Allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers detected in a clinic that did not specialize in occupational dermatitis / Dermatite alérgica de contato entre pedreiros, num serviço não especializado em dermatoses ocupacionais

BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis is one of the common work-related dermatoses. Among bricklayers, cement can cause both allergic contact dermatitis and primary contact irritative dermatitis. The personal protective equipment (rubber gloves) may favor the development of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: 1) to evaluate the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers between January 2005 and December 2009; 2) to determine the major sensitizing agents in the study group; and 3) to compare the data obtained from the construction workers to that of a group of patients who were not construction workers. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patch tests. Patients were separated into two groups: 1) bricklayers and 2) non-bricklayers. RESULTS: Of the 525 patch tests analyzed, 466 (90%) were from non-bricklayers and 53 (10%) from bricklayers. The hands were affected in 38 (61%) of them. 13 patients (24%) had irritative contact dermatitis and 40 (76%) had allergic contact dermatitis. The group of construction workers had a high frequency of sensitization to cement, and 29 (54.7%) had sensitization to rubber vulcanizing agents. 23 patients (43.4%) had sensitization to both cement and rubber. CONCLUSIONS: Among the bricklayers the presence of allergic contact dermatitis to rubber and cement in the same patient is common and demonstrates the importance of the patch test.

FUNDAMENTOS: A dermatite de contato é uma das dermatoses comumente relacionadas ao trabalho. Entre os pedreiros o cimento pode causar tanto a Dermatite Alérgica de Contato quanto a Dermatite de Contato por Irritação Primária. Os equipamentos de proteção individual (luvas de borracha) podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de Dermatite Alérgica de Contato. OBJETIVOS: 1) avaliar a freqüência de Dermatite Alérgica de Contato entre os pedreiros entre Janeiro de 2005 e Dezembro de 2009; 2) determinar os principais agentes sensibilizantes; e 3) comparar os resultados obtidos entre o grupo de pedreiros com um grupo sem pedreiros. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva de testes de contato. Pacientes foram separados em 2 grupos: 1) pedreiros e 2) não pedreiros. RESULTADOS: dentre os 525 testes de contato analisados, 466 (90%) eram de não pedreiros e 53 (10%) de pedreiros. As mãos foram acometidas em 38 (61%). 13 pacientes (24%) tinham Dermatite de Contato por Irritação Primária e 40 (76%) tinham Dermatite Alérgica de Contato. O grupo de pedreiros apresentou alta freqüência de sensibilização ao cimento, e 29 (54,7%) tinham sensibilização a agentes vulcanizadores da borracha. 23 pacientes (43,4%) pedreiros tinham sensibilização tanto ao cimento quanto à borracha. CONCLUSÕES: entre os pedreiros a presença de Dermatite Alérgica de Contato ao cimento e à borracha no mesmo paciente foi comum e demonstrou a importância do teste de contato.

Analysis of patch-test results of para eczema and dermatitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the characteristics of contact allergens in eczema and dermatitis for further diagnosis and treatment. Methods 340 cases with eczema and dermatitis were tested with a standardized screening antigen kit. Results (80. 88% ) of the 340 patients tested had at least one positive allergen among 18 of 20 standardized screening antigen. The first six allergens were nickel sulfate ( 29. 70% ), potassium dichroroate (27.64% ) ,fragrant mix(22.35% ) ,carba mix(20.29% ) ,thimerosal( 18. 82% ) ,benzocaine( 17.94% ). Conclusion Nickel sulfate,potassium dichromate,fragrance mix and carba mix were the main allergens causing dermatitis and eczema presently. Patch-testing was helpful in identifying the property of contact allergens in para eczema and dermatitis.

Levaduras autóctonas con capacidad fermentativa en la producción de etanol a partir de pulpa de excedentes de plátano musa (AAB Simmonds) en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia / Autoctonous yeasts having fermentation ability in producing ethanol from Musa (AAB Simmonds) plantain surplus pulp in the Córdoba department of Colombia

Se evaluó la capacidad fermentativa de levaduras nativas de la zona costanera del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, para la obtención de etanol a partir de la pulpa de excedentes de plátano Musa (AAB Simmonds), con el objetivo de encontrar cepas eficientes. Los microorganismos utilizados correspondieron a las especies: Kloeckera sp, Candida guillliermondii 14AD, Candida albicans y Candida guillliermondii 13AD (nativas), y una cepa comercial de referencia, Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73. La fermentación se realizó a diferentes concentraciones de sustrato, siendo la concentración del 40% la mejor; se evaluó la producción de etanol mediante el método colorimétrico del dicromato de potasio utilizando un equipo espectrofotómetro Lambda 11. Se observó que la levadura Candida guilliermondii 14AD nativa fue la más eficiente con una producción promedio de 3,45% v/v de etanol a las 72 horas de fermentación; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la producción de etanol a partir de la cepa de referencia, la cual produjo 3,59% v/v. Estos resultados sugieren la existencia de levaduras nativas con capacidad para ser utilizadas en la obtención de etanol a partir de material residuo de plátano.

Native yeasts™ (Cordoba, Colombia) fermentation ability for producing ethanol from plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds) surplus pulp was evaluated; the object was to find efficient yeasts. The microorganisms used here came from the Kloeckera sp, Candida guillliermondii (14AD), Candida albicans and Candida guilllier-mondii 13AD strains (native) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73 (a commercial reference yeast). Fermentation was carried out on different substrate concentrations, the 40% one giving the best result; ethanol production was evaluated by the potassium dichromate colorimetric method using a Lambda 11 spectrophotometer. It was observed that the Candida guilliermondii 14AD native yeast was the most efficient, having an average 3.45% v/v ethanol production after 72 hours’ fermentation. There were no statistically significant differences compared to reference yeast strain ethanol production (3.59% v/v). These results suggest that native yeasts can be used in obtaining ethanol from residual plantain matter.

Algae Hepatotoxicity and Superoxide Dismutasd(SOD)Activity Induced by Mixture of Nickel Sulfate,Potassium Dichromate and Cobalt Chloride / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study hepatotoxicity and superoxide dismutase(SOD) acitvity produced by mixture of Nickel Sulfate,Potassium Dichromate and Cobalt Chloride.Mehtods Hepatotoxicity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of mixture of Nickel Sulfate,Potassium Dichromate and Cobalt Chloride were detected by ip in mice.Results The liver weights were increased consistently during three weeds treatment.It was showed in histology study that hepatocytes swelling,necrosis and congestion wigh blood in venae interlobares hepatis.The SOD activity of liver and blood decreased after one week treatment but increased the following two weeks treatment.Conclusions Mixture of Nickel Sulfate,Potassium Dichromate and Cobalt Chloride had obvious hepatotoxicity and a certain lipid peroxiodation effect in vivo.

Morphological Study on the Mouse Spleen following the Administration of Mercuric Chloride or Potassium Dichromate / 대한해부학회지

This experiment was performed to study the morphological changes of the spleen of mice following injection of sodium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Male mice were divided into normal and experimental groups. The mice were subcutaneously injected with mercuric chloride (5 mg or 10 mg/kg) or sodium dichromate (10 mg or 20 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed on 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks after injections. Pieces of splenic tissue were taken from each mouse, and fixed in 10% neutral formalin for light microscopy. The paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson-trichrome, Bielschowsky's silver impregnation or aldehyde-fuchsin stain. For electron microscopy, the tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformalde-hyde, and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. Dehydrated blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. On histological study, in the early stage (6 hours) of experimental groups, splenic white pulp exhibited numerous vacuoles containing pyknotic nuclei were observed as compared with those of normal control group. But after 3 days(sodium dichromate, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg; mercuric chloride, 5 mg/kg) and 1 week (mercuric chloride, 10mg/kg), the morphology was recovered to normal one. In the experimental groups, positive reactions to Bielschowsky's silver impregnation, Masson-trichrome or aldehyde-fuchsin stain were similar to those of normal control group. On the ultrastructural study, in white pulps of experimental groups, nuclear bodies were observed frequently in the nuclei of the lymphocytes and the reticular cells, and myelin figures were observed in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm of the lymphocytes and the reticular cells. The plasma cells showed many irregularly distended cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticula and the macrophages containing phagosomes, were observed frequently. From the above results, it was concluded that potassium dichromate or mercuric chloride could disturb the normal differentiation or maturation of the lymphocytes and the reticular cells of the spleen, especially in the early stage of treatment. But histological changes occurred in the spleen following injection of the potassium dichromate or mercuric chloride were recovered to normal appearance in 3 days (potassium dichromate) or 1 week (mercuric chloride). Mercuric chloride was more harmful than potassium dichromate on the spleen.

Study on the Mechanism of DNA Conformation Change Induced by Cr(Ⅵ)-GSH Complex / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the interaction between Cr(Ⅵ)-GSH complex and DNA and to understand the mechanism of DNA conformation change induced by Cr(Ⅵ)-GSH complex. Methods Chromium(Ⅵ) reacts on glutathione forms the chromium (Ⅴ) intermediate complex, and the intermediate complex can induce the conformation change of DNA, in the present paper, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra, Scatchard equation, fluorescence quenching curve, and fluorescence probe method using ethidium bromide (EB) as a fluorescence probe were employed. Results The chromium (Ⅴ) intermediate complex formed rapidly after the reaction between Cr(Ⅵ) and GSH in Hepes buffer solution at pH=7.4, the complex did not insert into the base pairs on the DNA duplex strand and developed electrostatic binding with the phosphate backbone of DNA, but induced a conformation change of DNA leading to a disruption of duplex structure. In the following time, the complex decomposed and the end product was Cr(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅲ) can cross-link with DNA, the whole process needs about an hour. Conclusion The chromium(Ⅴ) intermediate complex of the conformation change reaction of chromium(Ⅵ) and glutathione may play an important role in inducing the DNA.