Protective effect of NeuroEPO on the reproduction of diabetic rats / Efecto protector de la NeuroEPO en la reproducción de ratas diabéticas

Introduction: Pregestational diabetes constitutes a reproductive risk which requires new treatment strategies. NeuroEPO, a variant of the recombinant human erythropoietin produced in Cuba, has neuroprotective and hypoglycemic effects which can be considered for the treatment of this entity. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of NeuroEPO on the reproduction of diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Four groups of adult female Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were used. During pregnancy, one group received the vehicle and the rest of the groups received different doses of NeuroEPO (0,5 mg/kg, 0,75 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg) subcutaneously, on alternate days, for a total of six applications. A group of non-diabetic rats was used as a control group. Glycemia and reproductive variables were evaluated. For comparisons, Analysis of Variance and Fisher's Exact Test were used. There were significant differences with p-values less than 0,05. Results: The group with vehicle presented maintained hyperglycemia, fewer implantations, and embryos, and increased gestational losses. In the group receiving 0,5 mg/kg of NeuroEPO, glycemia decreased significantly and the results of the reproductive variables were similar to the group of non-diabetic rats. With higher doses of NeuroEPO, gestational losses were increased. No congenital malformations were identified in either group. Conclusions: The repeated administration of 0,5 mg/kg of NeuroEPO has a beneficial effect on the reproduction of diabetic rats, which may be associated with the reduction of hyperglycemia. Other cytoprotective mechanisms of NeuroEPO should be evaluated in future studies(AU)

Introducción: la diabetes pre-gestacional constituye un riesgo reproductivo, lo que requiere nuevas estrategias de tratamiento. Teniendo en cuenta que la NeuroEPO, una variante de la eritropoyetina recombinante humana producida en Cuba, tiene efectos neuroprotectores e hipoglicemiantes. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto protector de la NeuroEPO en la reproducción de ratas diabéticas. Material y Métodos: se utilizaron cuatro grupos de ratas Wistar hembras adultas, con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Durante la gestación, un grupo recibió el vehículo y el resto diferentes dosis de NeuroEPO (0,5 mg/kg, 0,75 mg/kg y 1 mg/kg), por vía subcutánea, en días alternos, para un total de seis aplicaciones. Se empleó un grupo de ratas no-diabéticas como control. Se evaluó la glicemia y variables reproductivas. Para las comparaciones se empleó el Análisis de Varianza y la Prueba Exacta de Fisher. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas con valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados: el grupo con vehículo presentó hiperglicemia mantenida, menor número de implantaciones y embriones, e incremento de las pérdidas gestacionales. En el grupo que recibió 0,5 mg/kg de NeuroEPO, la glicemia disminuyó de forma significativa y los resultados de las variables reproductivas fueron similares al grupo de ratas no-diabéticas. Con las dosis superiores de NeuroEPO se incrementaron las pérdidas gestacionales. No se identificaron malformaciones congénitas en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusiones: la administración reiterada de 0,5 mg/kg de NeuroEPO tiene efecto beneficioso en la reproducción de ratas diabéticas, que puede estar asociado a la reducción de la hiperglicemia. Otros mecanismos citoprotectores de la NeuroEPO deben ser evaluados en futuros estudios(AU)

Clinical profile and outcome of infant of diabetic mother in a tertiary care sick newborn care units

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder complicating pregnancy. The incidence of pre-gestational (type 1 and type 2) and gestational diabetes mellitus is on the rise in India. Authors aimed to study the clinical profile and outcome of the infant of diabetic mothers.Methods: The study was conducted in the Sick Newborn Care Unit attached to Stanley Medical College in Chennai over a period of 6 months. All infants born to diabetic mothers during the study period were included in the study.Results: Among the total of 6236 babies delivered in total during the study period, 566 (9.07%) were born to diabetic mothers. 16.25% were pre-gestational diabetic mothers and 83.75% were GDM Mothers. The incidence of prematurity was 15.2% and LGA was 7.9%. The majority were AGA (495 out of 566). Symptomatic Hypoglycemia was observed in 16 babies and asymptomatic hypoglycemia in 35 babies with total occurrence of hypoglycemia in 9% of babies. Hyper-bilirubinemia is the most common problem encountered in 29% of babies, congenital heart disease and renal problems were the most common congenital anomalies noted in IDM 44 out of 566 babies (7.8%).Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding dog bite and its management among the rural populatEarly detection and optimal management of diabetic status during the antenatal period along with anticipation, early recognition and management of postnatal complications will reduce the mortality of infants of diabetic mothersion.

Obstetric and perinatal outcome of elderly mothers aged 35 years and above: a comparative study

Background: Across the world, there is a rising trend among women towards delaying pregnancy and child birth. The wide educational and career choices available currently encourage women to pursue their professional goals relentlessly and many opt to delay pregnancy. Easy access to the wide range of modern contraceptive methods has enabled them to achieve better control of fertility. Methods: The study conducted in Chennai Medical College and Research Centre, Trichy over a period of 18 months compared pregnancy related complications, maternal and perinatal outcomes in elderly women, with non-elderly women as controls. Forty two elderly gravidae were compared with 50 non-elderly gravidae. Results: The mean age of women in study group was 37.1 and 27.6 in the control group. 14.3% in the study group of patients had assisted conception whereas all of patients in the control group conceived spontaneously. There were 4 (9.5%) miscarriages in the study group and none in the control group. The incidence of pre-gestational diabetes, gestational diabetes and preeclampsia was found to be higher in the study group and this was statistically significant (P Value <0.0001). Conclusion: This study analyzing the effect of advanced maternal age on pregnancy has shown favourable maternal and perinatal outcomes. The study showed a significant difference in the incidence of pre-gestational diabetes, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, miscarriage, antepartum hemorrhage, induction of labour, instrumental deliveries and caesarean section rates in elderly gravidae. But the risk of aneuploidy, malpresentations, placenta previa and prolonged labour were not found to be high. The incidence of low APGAR score was high in the study group, but it was attributable to specific causes like placental abruption. There were no perinatal deaths in both groups.

Valoración de la ganancia de peso corporal en la embarazada con diabetes / Valuation of body weight gain in diabetic pregnant

Introducción: tradicionalmente se han utilizado índices antropométricos para evaluar el estado nutricional de la mujer embarazada. Objetivo: realizar un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo con la intención de evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de gestantes con diabetes. Métodos: se estudiaron un total de 1 891 gestantes con diabetes, de ellas 1 211 con Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional y 680 pregestacionales en un período de 13 años (1994-2006). La información se recogió en una hoja Excel y se procesó la misma en la base de datos Microsoft Access 2000. Se aplicó el paquete estadístico de SSPS y se aceptó como significativamente estadístico cuando fue la p < 0,05. Resultados: se detectó que la ganancia de peso en embarazada con diabetes estuvo influenciada por su edad, la paridad, el índice de masa corporal y el grado de control metabólico ejercido a lo largo de la gestación, con diferencias en algunas de estas variables entre las diabéticas mellitus gestacionales y las pregestacionales. Conclusión: según nuestros resultados, con la intención de obtener recién nacidos de normopeso corporal, las diabéticas mellitus gestacionales con óptimo control metabólico deben tener una ganancia de peso en relación con su índice de masa corporal y este oscilará entre 10 y 12 kg, y en las pregestacionales ese aumento oscilará entre 7 y 12 kg

Introduction: traditionally the anthropometric indexes have been used to assess the nutritional status of the pregnant. Objective: to conduct a descriptive-retrospective study to assess the nutritional status of a group of diabetic pregnants. Methods: a total of 1 891 diabetic pregnants was studied, from them 1 211 presenting with gestational diabetes mellitus y 680 with pre-gestational diabetes during 13 years (1994-2006). Information was collected in an Excel sheet processing it in the Microsoft Access 2000 database and p < 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: it was noted that the weight gain in the diabetic pregnant was influenced by age, parity and body mass index (BMI) of pregnant and the degree of metabolic control exerted throughout pregnancy with differences in some variables between the pregnants with gestational diabetes mellitus and those with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: according our results and trying to achieve newborn with a normal weight, the pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus con a optimal metabolic control must to show a weight gain related to its BMI and it will fluctuate between 10 and 12 kg and those with pre-gestational diabetes this increase will fluctuate between 7 and 12 kg