Frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes coordinados para cirugía electiva en el Hospital de Clínicas Manuel Quintela / Frequency of anxiety and depression in patients coordinated for elective surgery at the Hospital de Clínicas Manuel Quintela

Los trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad son más frecuentes en pacientes que se encuentran a la espera de un acto anestésico-quirúrgico. Estos se consideran factores de riesgo de complicaciones posoperatorias de allí el interés de detectarlos en la consulta preoperatoria. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes pre-quirúrgicos en el Hospital de Clínicas utilizando la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) validada en español mediante un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó una encuesta a una muestra tomada al azar, de pacientes prequirúrgicos obtenida de la consulta externa o de las consultas provenientes de salas de internación quirúrgica del Hospital de Clínicas entre julio y septiembre de 2019. La prevalencia global de ansiedad y depresión fue de 44% y 14,5%, respectivamente. Un mayor nivel de depresión fue asociado al sexo femenino, no encontrándose asociación entre otras variables como edad, tipo de cirugía u hospitalización, y la mayor frecuencia de cualquiera de los trastornos. Se concluye que los niveles de ansiedad son relativamente elevados y, junto a la depresión, pueden ser detectados en la consulta preoperatoria de manera sencilla utilizando el instrumento propuesto.

The depressive and anxiety disorders are more frequent in patients who are waiting a surgical procedure. These are risk factors of postoperative complications. The objective of this work was to determine the incidence of anxiety and depression in the preoperative period at the University Hospital using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale validated in spanish through an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A socio-demographic characterization of patients was carried out and aspects related to imminent surgery were described. The study was conducted in a random sample of pre-surgical patients who attended an outpatient clinic or were hospitalized at the Hospital de Clínicas, between July and September 2019. The global incidence of anxiety and depression was 44% and 14.5% respectively. A mayor level of depression was observed in females, no other statistically significant evidence was found to support an association between the other variables (age, type of surgery, hospitalization) and the higher prevalence of any of the disorders. We concluded that the level of anxiety is high in our population and deserves to be detected, through the implementation of a simple instrument.

Apendicitis aguda perforada con diagnóstico prequirúrgico y hernia inguinal bilateral en recién nacido de pretérmino / Acute perforated appendicitis with pre-surgical diagnosis and bilateral inguinal hernia in preterm infants

INTRODUCCIÓN: La apendicitis aguda neonatal es una patología de muy baja frecuencia, con escasos reportes en los últimos 30 años. La clínica e imágenes son inespecíficas, diagnosticándose la mayoría de las veces durante el procedimiento quirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de apendicitis aguda perfora da en paciente prematura, con diagnóstico prequirúrgico y resolución laparoscópica, asociada a aparición posterior de hernia inguinal. CASO CLÍNICO: Recién nacido femenino de 34 semanas que a los 17 días de vida presentó fiebre, irritabilidad y aumento del residuo lácteo. Al examen físico destacaba distensión y sensibilidad del abdomen y tanto la radiografía como ecografía abdominales eran compatibles con apendicitis aguda perforada, por lo cual ingresó a pabellón para laparoscopía. Confirmado el diagnóstico, se realizó apendicectomía. Dos semanas después en consulta ambulatoria, se evidenció y confirmó con ecografía una hernia inguinal bilateral que se corrigió quirúrgicamente. CONCLUSIÓN: La apendicitis aguda debe considerarse dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales en neonatos con clínica de abdomen agudo, principalmente en prematuros. En este caso, la ecografía permitió realizar el diagnóstico pre-operatorio. La posible asociación con hernia inguinal, debiera motivar a examinar siempre conductos inguinales durante la evaluación con imá genes y en el procedimiento quirúrgico.

INTRODUCTION: Acute neonatal appendicitis is a rare pathology, with few reports in the last 30 years. Since its clinical presentation and imaging studies are non-specific, most cases are diagnosed during a surgical pro cedure. OBJECTIVE: To describe a neonatal case of acute perforated appendicitis associated with later appearance of inguinal hernia, with pre-surgical diagnosis and treated through laparoscopy. CLINICAL CASE: A 17-day-old preterm female newborn presented with fever, irritability, and increased milk intolerance. Physical examination showed abdominal distention, tenderness and both, abdominal X- ray and ultrasound showed compatible images with acute perforated appendicitis. Once the diagnosis was confirmed, we performed an appendicectomy through laparoscopy. Two weeks later, during an outpatient visit, we observed a bilateral inguinal hernia which was confirmed by ultrasound, and then it was surgically corrected. CONCLUSION: Acute appendicitis should be considered within the differential diagnosis in neonates with acute abdominal symptoms, mainly in premature infants. In this case, ultrasound scan allowed us to make the pre-operative diagnosis. The possible association with inguinal hernias should motivate to examine inguinal ducts during imaging assessment and surgical procedure.

Preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica: estresse e ansiedade em crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas / Psychological preparation pre-surgical: stress and anxiety in children under the surgery

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que avaliou os efeitos da preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica sobre o estresse e a ansiedade de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas, utilizando-se de três programas distintos de preparação e um grupo de controle. A pesquisa foi realizada com 80 participantes, divididos em quatro grupos, usuários de um Hospital infantil e utilizou-se a Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-C). Realizaram-se três etapas distintas: a) aplicação da ESI e do IDATE-C antes da preparação para cirurgia, no dia anterior a mesma; b) a preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica; e c) a reaplicação da ESI e do IDATE-C, depois da preparação. Os resultados mostraram que há significativa redução do nível de estresse e da ansiedade, embora não tenha havido diferença estatística significativa quanto ao tipo de programa utilizado, seja vídeo, boneco ou informação. Discute-se as implicações práticas para o atendimento psicológico das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e as limitações desta pesquisa. Conclui-se que o preparo psicológico pré-cirúrgico foi efetivo, independente da metodologia utilizada.

This article presents a study that evaluated the effects of the pre-surgical psychological preparation for the stress and anxiety of children undergoing elective surgery, using three different preparation programs and a control group. The research had a quantitative delineation, and made intra and inter-group comparisons. It was performed with 80 participants, divided into four groups, users of a Children's Hospital and used the Child Stress Scale (ESI) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-C). There were three distinct steps: a) application of ESI and IDATE-C before preparation, the day before the surgery; b) the preparation itself, in groups submitted to different preparation programs; c) reapplying from STAI and ESI-C after preparation. The results showed that there is a significant reduction in the level of stress and anxiety after preparation, although there was no statistically significant difference in the type of program used. It is argued that there were practical implications for the psychological care of children in pre-surgical situation and limitations to consider when researching this area of pediatric psychology. We conclude that the preoperative psychological preparation is effective, regardless of the methodology used.

Investigating the effect of pre-surgical orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular joint in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion by cone-beam computed tomography / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of pre-surgical orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treated with orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion who underwent orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment were included in the study. Before and after the completion of orthodontic treatment, the symptoms of TMJ were examined and recorded, and the short- and the long-axis diameter of the condylar (d), condylar height (h), joint space (L) at different angles, bilateral condylar spacing (R), and the condylar angles were measured, with scanning performed by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Then, the changes of TMJ symptoms and bone structure at different periods were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#No significant changes were observed in the joint symptoms before and after the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment. No significant changes were found in the measurements of the bone structure of TMJ in the dimensional direction (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment procedure, the pre-surgical orthodontic process does not have a significant effect on TMJ.

Efeitos de Preparações Psicológicas Pré-Cirúrgicas sobre o Estresse e a Ansiedade de Meninos e Meninas / Efectos de la preparación psicológica prequirúrgica sobre el estrés y la ansiedad en niños y niñas / Effects of pre-surgical psychological preparations on stress and anxiety in boys and girls

Resumo A preparação infantil para a cirurgia é foco de atenção da equipe de saúde pelo potencial traumático dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e por ser fonte de estresse e ansiedade na infância. O impacto de três preparações psicológicas pré-cirúrgicas sobre o estresse e a ansiedade de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas foi avaliado. A amostra foi composta por 80 crianças de um hospital infantil, a qual foi dividida em dois blocos de 40 sujeitos de acordo com o sexo e alocados aleatoriamente num dos quatro grupos: controle, preparação por informações verbais, preparação por jogo com kit de preparação ou preparação por vídeo informativo. O estresse e a ansiedade foram mensurados por meio da Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) e do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (Idate-c). A intervenção foi implementada em três etapas distintas: (a) aplicação da ESI e do Idate-c antes da preparação, no dia anterior a cirurgia; (b) a preparação propriamente dita nos grupos submetidos aos diferentes programas de preparação, também no dia anterior, e (C) a reaplicação da ESI e do Idate-c no dia da cirurgia. Os dados foram analisados por meio de equações de regressão simultâneas, e as estimativas são apresentadas em termos de diferença média padronizada e erro-padrão. Os resultados permitem inferir que a preparação com o vídeo reduziu o estresse (Tvídeo1= -38 ± .18) e a ansiedade (Tvídeo2 = - .54 ± .27), especialmente entre os meninos (TvídeoM1 = - .66 ± .25; TvídeoM2 = - .71 ± .38). Implicações práticas para a preparação psicológica das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e limitações da pesquisa são discutidas.

Resumen La preparación infantil para una cirugía es el centro de atención del equipo de salud debido al potencial traumático de los procedimientos quirúrgicos y debido a que es una fuente de estrés y ansiedad en la infancia. En la presente investigación se evaluó el impacto de tres formas de preparación psicológica prequirúrgica ante el estrés y la ansiedad de los niños sometidos a cirugía electiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por 80 niños de un hospital infantil, divididos en dos bloques de 40 sujetos según el sexo, y asignados al azar a uno de cuatro grupos: control, preparación a través de información verbal, preparación a través de juego con el kit de preparación, o preparación a través de video informativo. Se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Infantil (ESI) y el Inventario Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo para niños (STAIC) para medir el estrés y la ansiedad de los niños. La intervención se llevó a cabo en tres etapas distintas: (a) aplicación del ESI y el STAIC antes de la preparación, el día anterior a la cirugía; (b) preparación propiamente dicha en los grupos de los diferentes programas de preparación el día anterior; y (C) reaplicación del ESI-C y el STAIC el día de la cirugía. El análisis de los datos se hizo mediante ecuaciones de regresión simultáneas y las estimaciones se presentan por medio de la diferencia entre medias estandarizada y de la desviación estándar. Los resultados permiten inferir que la preparación con video redujo el estrés (Tvideo1 = -.38 ± .18) y la ansiedad (Tvideo2 = -.54 ± .27), especialmente en los niños (TvideoMl = -.66 ± .25; TvideoM2 = -.71 ± .38). Al final se discuten las implicaciones prácticas para la preparación psicológica de los niños en situación prequirúrgica y las limitaciones de la investigación.

Abstract Child preparation for surgery is a focus of attention of health teams due to the traumatic potential of surgical procedures and for being a source of stress and anxiety in childhood. The impact of three pre-surgical psychological preparations on stress and anxiety of children undergoing elective surgery were evaluated. The sample consisted of 80 children from a children's hospital, divided into two blocks of 40 subjects according to gender and randomly assigned to one of four groups: control, preparation by verbal information, preparation by game and preparation kit or preparation by informational video. Stress and anxiety were measured using the Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) (Child Stress Scale) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). The intervention was implemented in three distinct stages: a) application of ESI and STAIC before preparation, the day before surgery; b) actual preparation, in groups submitted to different preparation programs, also on the previous day; and c) reapplication of ESI and STAIC on the day of surgery. Data were analyzed using simultaneous regression equations, and estimates are presented in terms of standardized mean difference and standard error. Results allow to infer that preparation by video reduced stress (Tvideo1 = -0.38±0.18) and anxiety (Tvideo2 = -0.54±0.27), especially among boys (TvideoM1 = -0.66±0.25; TvideoM2 = -0.71±0.38). Practical implications for the psychological preparation of children in pre-surgical situations and the limitations of this study are discussed.

Modificações comportamentais entre o pré e o pós-operatório de pacientes bariátricos / Bariatric patients’ behavioral changes between preoperative and postoperative stages / Los cambios de comportamiento entre el pre y el post-operatorio de pacientes bariátricos

Esta pesquisa buscou conhecer as mudanças no comportamento alimentar do paciente bariátrico, analisando a função desse repertório antes e depois da cirurgia. Investigou-se também o processo de avaliação psicológica préoperatória, o acompanhamento terapêutico realizado nesse contexto bem como a existência ou não de repertórios alternativos ao comportamento alimentar que auxiliem no manejo do pós-cirúrgico. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 pessoas que realizaram a cirurgia. Os resultados indicaram que, antes do procedimento, o alimentarse era primordialmente mantido por reforço negativo, mas também por reforço positivo. Contudo o relato do pós-cirúrgico mostrou poucas alterações na função desse comportamento bem como a inexistência de repertórios alternativos, indicando probabilidade aumentada de, em longo prazo, de os sujeitos retornarem ao seu padrão nutricional anterior e viverem a reengorda. Em relação à avaliação psicológica e ao acompanhamento terapêutico, verificaram-se esses processos como pouco efetivos entre os procedimentos pré e pós-operatórios.

This research aimed to know the changes in a bariatric patient’s feeding behavior, analyzing the function of this repertoire before and after surgery. It also investigated the process of preoperative psychological evaluation, therapeutic monitoring conducted in this context, and the existence or lack of existence of alternative options for eating behavior which help to assist in the management of post-surgical period. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with fifteen people who underwent the surgery. The results indicated that before the procedure, the food itself was primarily maintained by both, negative and positive reinforcement. However, the reporting on post-surgical stage showed little change in the function of this behavior, as well as the absence of alternative options, indicating increasing likelihood of subjects returning, in a long run, to their previous nutritional status, and regaining lost weight. Psychological assessment and therapeutic monitoring processes proved to be ineffective in between preoperative and postoperative procedures.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer los cambios en el comportamiento alimentario del paciente bariátrico, analizando la función de este repertorio antes y después de la cirugía. También se investigó el proceso de evaluación psicológica preoperatoria, el seguimiento terapéutico realizado en este contexto, así como la existencia de repertorios alternativos para la conducta alimentaria que ayuden en el acompañamiento post quirúrgico. Los datos se obtuvieron de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con quince personas que se sometieron a cirugía. Los resultados indicaron que antes del procedimiento, el hecho de alimentarse se mantuvo principalmente por el refuerzo negativo, pero también por el refuerzo positivo. Sin embargo, el informe post quirúrgico mostró pocos cambios en la función de este comportamiento, y la ausencia de repertorios alternativos, lo que indica una mayor probabilidad de que a largo plazo, los sujetos vuelvan a su estado nutricional previo y experimenten aumento de peso. En cuanto a la evaluación psicológica y al seguimiento terapéutico, se observaron estos procesos como ineficaces entre el pre y el post-operatorio.

Application of CT/MRI image registration and fusion combined with 3D printing technique in pre-surgical planning of refractory pelvic tumors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To explore the value of applying CT/MRI image registration and fusion combined with 3D printing technique in pre-surgical planning of refractory pelvic tumors. Methods·A retrospective analysis was performed on the cases with refractory pelvic tumors admitted between March 2014 and December 2016 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. CT/MRI examinations were performed as a routine pre-surgical procedure, and the resulting images were subject to rapid registration and fusion with the Medraw software in order to accurately determine the tumor boundaries and to be used as references in designing and making patient-specific tumor models, prostheses, and implants by 3D printing technique. Results·A total of 13 cases with refractory pelvic tumors were included in this study (8 cases of chondrosarcoma, 1 case of osteosarcoma with aneurysmal bone cyst, 1 case of dedifferentiated sarcoma, 1 case of fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, 1 case of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma, and 1 case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma) with an average age of (50.0±8.5) years. According to the Enneking classification,there were 2 cases in zone Ⅰ , 2 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅱ , 1 in zones Ⅱ + Ⅲ , 3 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅱ + Ⅲ , 1 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅱ + Ⅳ , 1 in zonesⅠ + Ⅱ + Ⅲ + Ⅳ , 1 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅳ , 1 in zones Ⅱ + Ⅳ , and 1 in zone Ⅳ. The mean maximal tumor diameter was (15.15±4.81) cm without implicating the pelvic blood vessels. Results from intraoperative frozen section at resection boundaries and the installation of prosthesis showed that the actual surgical procedure was consistent with the surgical planning based on the reported image fusion technique. Conclusion·CT/MRI image registration and fusion technique combined with 3D printing technique can accurately determine the resection boundary of pelvic tumors and assist in designing of individualized prosthesis model and surgical guide, which has a great value in pre-surgical planning and clinical treatment of refractory pelvic tumors.

Application of CT/MRI image registration and fusion combined with 3D printing technique in pre-surgical planning of refractory pelvic tumors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To explore the value of applying CT/MRI image registration and fusion combined with 3D printing technique in pre-surgical planning of refractory pelvic tumors. Methods·A retrospective analysis was performed on the cases with refractory pelvic tumors admitted between March 2014 and December 2016 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. CT/MRI examinations were performed as a routine pre-surgical procedure, and the resulting images were subject to rapid registration and fusion with the Medraw software in order to accurately determine the tumor boundaries and to be used as references in designing and making patient-specific tumor models, prostheses, and implants by 3D printing technique. Results·A total of 13 cases with refractory pelvic tumors were included in this study (8 cases of chondrosarcoma, 1 case of osteosarcoma with aneurysmal bone cyst, 1 case of dedifferentiated sarcoma, 1 case of fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, 1 case of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma, and 1 case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma) with an average age of (50.0±8.5) years. According to the Enneking classification,there were 2 cases in zone Ⅰ , 2 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅱ , 1 in zones Ⅱ + Ⅲ , 3 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅱ + Ⅲ , 1 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅱ + Ⅳ , 1 in zonesⅠ + Ⅱ + Ⅲ + Ⅳ , 1 in zones Ⅰ + Ⅳ , 1 in zones Ⅱ + Ⅳ , and 1 in zone Ⅳ. The mean maximal tumor diameter was (15.15±4.81) cm without implicating the pelvic blood vessels. Results from intraoperative frozen section at resection boundaries and the installation of prosthesis showed that the actual surgical procedure was consistent with the surgical planning based on the reported image fusion technique. Conclusion·CT/MRI image registration and fusion technique combined with 3D printing technique can accurately determine the resection boundary of pelvic tumors and assist in designing of individualized prosthesis model and surgical guide, which has a great value in pre-surgical planning and clinical treatment of refractory pelvic tumors.

Importância da eletrocardiografia como um exame pré-cirúrgico em cães / Importance of electrocardiography as a pre-operative examination in dogs

Foi analisado o perfil eletrocardiográfico pré-cirúrgico de 124 cães submetidos a diferentes intervenções cirúrgicas com objetivo de relacionar as variáveis idade, sexo, porte, ausência ou presença de alterações cardiovasculares detectadas durante o exame físico e afecção cirúrgica com os achados eletrocardiográficos. Não foi observada associação entre essas variáveis e as alterações eletrocardiográficas. Um total de 79 animais (63,7%) apresentou algum tipo de alteração no eletrocardiograma. Assim, este estudo sugere que o exame eletrocardiográfico pré-cirúrgico é de grande valia, independente do sexo, idade, peso, histórico ou sinais clínicos associados a doença cardíaca.(AU)

An analysis of the pre-surgical electrocardiographic profile was made of 124 dogs submitted to different surgical interventions to correlate the variables age, sex, size, absence or presence of cardiovascular abnormalities detected during physical examination and of the surgical cases with electrocardiographic findings. No association between these variables and electrocardiographic changes were observed. A total of 79 cães (63.7%) showed some type of change in the electrocardiogram. The study suggests that pre-surgical electrocardiographic examination is of great importance, regardless of sex, age, weight, historic or clinical signs associated with heart disease.(AU)

“Manifestos do Coração”: Significados Atribuídos à Doença por Pacientes Cardíacos Pré-cirúrgicos / “Manifestations of the Heart”: Meanings Attributed to the Disease by Pre-surgical Cardiac Patients

RESUMOEste estudo objetivou explorar os significados atribuídos à doença cardíaca por pacientes cardíacos pré-cirúrgicos em tratamento ambulatorial no sul do Brasil. É um estudo clínico-qualitativo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, cuja coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da autofotografia, propostas a 15 indivíduos. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo temática, emergindo as categorias: Confrontação com a doença: os saberes em questão, Negação da doença, Doença e trabalho e Sexualidade rompida. Os resultados destacaram as dificuldades dos participantes relacionadas à apropriação do quadro da doença e à aceitação dessa condição. Salienta-se a premência de ações de saúde, que possam ser coadjuvantes na reestruturação das possibilidades de vida para os pacientes cardíacos pré-cirúrgicos.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the meanings attributed to the cardiac disease by pre-surgical outpatients in the South of Brazil. It is a clinical and qualitative study, characterized as exploratory and descriptive. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and auto-photography, proposed to 15 individuals. The use of thematic analysis resulted in the following categories which emerged: Confrontation with the disease: questioning existing knowledge, denial of the disease, disease and work, and ruptured sexuality. Results highlighted difficulties of the participants in regards to the appropriation of the disease condition as well as its acceptance. This result points out the need for health care actions that may help cardiac pre-surgical patients to restructure their possibilities of life.

Pre Surgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) to Reduce Cleft Severity in a Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) Patient.

Introduction: Pre surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is a viable option in reducing the severity of the cleft resulting in easier surgical repair and the lip and the nose heal under minimal tension and this leads to less scar formation. Presentation of Case: A case report with UCLP treated by PNAM appliance is described here. Discussion: Orthopedic molding reduces the deformity and thus reduces the number of surgeries to achieve superior post-surgical esthetics. Conclusion: PNAM resulted in well aligned alveolar segments, approximated lip, improved columella-philtrum region and nose.

Aparato preortopédico con pines utilizado en el alineamiento de los segmentos maxilares en pacientes con labio y paladar unilateral fisurado / Pre-orthopedic appliance with pins used in alignment of maxillary segments in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

Este artículo describe un aparato ortopédico con pines utilizado en el tratamiento prequirúrgico para pacientes con labio y paladar unilateral completamente fisurado antes de la reparación del labio. Este aparato fue diseñado con el fin de corregir transversalmente los segmentos palatinos en la parte posterior, alinear el segmento menor en la parte anterior hacia la línea media facial y reducir la fisura cerca del labio para mejorar la forma del piso de la base nasal y evitar compensaciones quirúrgicas posteriores de los tejidos blandos.

The present article describes an orthopedic appliance with pins used in the pre-surgical treatment of fully fissured unilateral cleft lip and palate before lip reparation. This appliance was designed with the aim of transversally correct palatal segments in the posterior area, align the smaller segment in the anterior section towards the facial midline, and decrease the cleft located near the lip so as to improve the shape of the nasal base floor and avoid later surgical compensations of the soft tissues.

The effect of a preoperative informative video on the perception of pain in youths undergoing third molar extraction: a randomized clinical trial / O efeito de vídeo informativo pré-operatório na percepção de dor em jovens submetidos à exodontia de terceiros molares: estudo randomizado

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The extraction of the third molar is an invasive procedure and is potentially traumatic for the patient. Preparatory procedures may be used for the management of pain and emotional responses, resulting in a better recovery process for patients. The aim of the study evaluates the effects of a preparatory procedure using an animated informative video on post-surgical pain responses after third molar extraction on youths during the postoperative follow-up. METHODS: 140 patients undergoing third molar extraction were randomly divided into two groups: control (CG) and experimental (EG). For pain assessment, the short-form McGill pain questionnaire was given once before the procedure and four times after the surgery, and the amount of postoperative analgesic consumption was recorded. The informative video was presented to the EG after the first assessment. For data analysis, ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05) were used. Data analysis indicated that the EG patients reported reduced pain perception for all pain indexes. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were observed for Sensory and Affective Rank Pain Indexes (PRI-S and PRI-A, respectively), as well as for Global Assessment, at stages 2, 3 and 4 (p=0.0001; p=0.0027; p=0.0001). For Present Pain Intensity, a significant difference between groups was observed (p=0.0004) at stages 3, 4 and 5. The postoperative consumption of analgesics was lower in the EG (p=0.0001), indicating higher medicine consumption by CG patients. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the preoperative informative video effectively reduced pain perception and the consumption of analgesics.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A exodontia de terceiros molares é um procedimento invasivo e potencialmente traumático. Procedimentos preparatórios podem ser usados para manuseio da dor e de respostas emocionais, resultando em uma melhor recuperação dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um vídeo de animação informativo em respostas de dor após exodontia de terceiro molar em jovens. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo, 140 pacientes submetidos a exodontia de terceiro molar foram randomizados em dois grupos: controle (GC) e experimental (GE). Para avaliação da dor foi utilizado o Questionário de Dor McGill, forma reduzida. Essa avaliação foi realizada uma vez antes do procedimento cirúrgico e quatro vezes após. Foi também registrada a quantidade de analgésicos consumidos após exodontia. O vídeo informativo foi apresentado ao GE após a primeira avaliação. Foram utilizados os testes ANOVA e Tukey para análise de dados (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A análise mostrou que o GE relatou diminuição de todos os índices de dor. Diferença significativa entre os grupos foi observada nos Índices de Estimativa de Dor Sensorial e Afetiva (PRI-S e PRI-A), como na Avaliação Global de Experiência de Dor nas fases 2, 3 e 4 (p=0,0001; p=0,0027; p=0,0001). Para a Intensidade de Dor Presente (PPI) foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,0004) nas fases 3, 4 e 5. O consumo pós-operatório de analgésico foi menor no GE (p=0,0001), indicando um maior consumo de medicamento para o GC. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que o vídeo de informação pré-operatório efetivamente reduziu a percepção de dor e o consumo de analgésicos.

Saberes e práticas de acompanhantes sobre complicações respiratórias pós-cirúrgicas no idoso, compartilhados com a enfermeira / Knowledge and experiences of caregivers for post-surgical respiratory complications in elderly people, shared with the nurse / Conocimientos y prácticas de acompañantes sobre complicaciones respiratorias posquirúrgicas en ancianos, compartidas con la enfermera

Pesquisa convergente-assistencial cujo objetivo foi analisar saberes e práticas de acompanhantes voltados à prevenção de complicações respiratórias pós-cirúrgicas no idoso, com vistas a traçar um plano de cuidados a ser implementado para esses clientes. As bases teórico-conceituais pautaram-se na pedagogia problematizadora de Freire. Os sujeitos foram 14 acompanhantes de idosos em pré-operatório. Utilizou-se técnica de entrevista individual e observação participante, e análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados revelaram que as acompanhantes acumulam saberes, acerca de cuidados básicos no pós-operatório, capazes de prevenir problemas respiratórios. Pela dialogicidade construiu-se um plano de cuidados compartilhado a ser realizado com o idoso, consequência da integração de saberes e práticas dos acompanhantes com os da enfermeira-pesquisadora na visita pré-operatória. Resultaram novas ou revisitadas práticas, culminando em um cuidado congruente às reais necessidades dos clientes e seus acompanhantes, tornando-os parceiros no processo de cuidar.

This is a convergent-assistance research, whose goal was to analyze the knowledge and experiences of caregivers focused on the prevention for post-surgical respiratory in the elderly people, in order to develop a care plan to be implemented with these clients. The theoretical and conceptual bases founded on the Critical Pedagogy of Freire. The subjects were 14 caregivers of elderly on a pre-surgical period. The technique used was individual interviews, participant observation and the analysis of a thematic content. The results showed that the caregivers accumulate knowledge, concerning to the basic care in the post-surgical, able to prevent respiratory problems. Through the dialogue it was developed a shared care plan to be realized with the elderly, as a result from the integration of the knowledge and experiences from the caregivers and from the nurse-researcher on a pre-surgical visit. The result was the new or revisited practices, culminating into a congruent care to the real needs of the clients and theirs companions, becoming partners in the care process.

Investigación convergente y asistencial, con objetivo de analizar los conocimientos y prácticas de acompañantes dirigidos a la prevención de complicaciones respiratorias posquirúrgicas en el anciano, a fin de elaborar un plan de cuidados para ser implementado con estos clientes. Las bases teórica y conceptual se pautaron en la pedagogía problematizada de Paulo Freire. Los sujetos fueron 14 acompañantes de clientes ancianos en el período preoperatorio. Se utilizó la técnica de entrevistas individuales y de observación participante y análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados revelaron que las acompañantes acumulan saber, acerca de cuidados básicos en el pos-operatorio, capaces de prevenir problemas respiratorios. A partir de conversaciones, se construyó un plan de cuidados compartido a ser realizado con el anciano, resultante de la integración de conocimientos y prácticas de los acompañantes con los de la enfermera/investigadora en la visita preoperatoria. Resultaron en nuevas o revisitadas prácticas, culminando en un cuidado congruente a las reales necesidades de los clientes y sus acompañantes, tornándolos compañeros en el proceso de cuidar.

Variáveis psicossociais associadas à cirurgia ortognática: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Psychosocial variables associated with orthognathic surgery: a systematic literature review

A cirurgia ortognática é um tipo de tratamento orto-cirúrgico indicado para pacientes com deformidade dentofacial. Este tema tem ganhado repercussão na comunidade científica e, mais recentemente, no ramo das ciências psicológicas, pois as pessoas recorrem cada vez mais a este tipo de tratamento e os psicólogos começam a ser contratados para responderem às necessidades emocionais destes pacientes. Este artigo dedica-se a uma revisão da literatura, dos últimos nove anos, visando explorar particularmente se determinadas características psicossociais do paciente contribuem para a eficácia do tratamento ortocirúrgico. A nossa pesquisa identificou catorze estudos e os resultados são apresentados por setores: (a) fase pré-operatória, (b) fase pós-operatória a curto e médio prazo, (c) fase pós-operatória a longo-prazo. Verificámos que algumas características dos pacientes e uma relação de proximidade estabelecida com os profissionais de saúde parecem contribuir para a satisfação, porém, é apoio psicológico de caráter preventivo dos fatores de risco que parece determinar o sucesso do tratamento orto-cirúrgico. A demasiada valorização das expectativas de benefícios psicológicos, a insegurança na tomada de decisão, o desconhecimento dos custos emocionais da cirurgia, o pobre suporte social (ou a pressão dos familiares) e as perturbações psicopatológicas justificam a utilidade do apoio psicológico. Finalmente são apontadas algumas características psicológicas, positivas e negativas, do paciente assim como sugestões para futuras investigações.

Orthognathic surgery is a type of orthodontic treatment recommended for patients with dentofacial deformities. This issue has grown in the scientific community and, more recently, in the field of psychological science since there is an increasing number of people resorting to this type of treatment and psychologists are being hired to meet emotional needs of such patients. This paper focuses on a review of the literature from the last nine years and seeks to determine if some of the psychosocial characteristics of the patient contribute to the effectiveness of orthodontic-surgical treatment. Our research identified 14 studies and the results are presented according to the following: (a) pre-surgical phase; (b) short-term and mid-term post-surgical phases; and (c) long-term post-surgical phase. We observed that some of the patient's characteristics and a closer patient-caregiver relationship seem to contribute to the satisfaction of the treatment. However, it is the quality of preventive psychological support towards risk factors that seems to determine the success of this orthodontic treatment. Overvaluation of expectations towards psychological benefits, insecurity in the decision making, lack of knowledge about the emotional costs of the surgery, lack of social support (or family pressure) as well as psychopathological disorders justify the need of psychological support. Finally, some positive and negative patient characteristics have been pointed out in this paper, and suggestions for future investigations have been made.

Pre-surgical infant orthopedics with the nasoalveolar molding (NAM) device for unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: Case series

Management of infants born with cleft lip and palate entails an interdisciplinary team effort that begins from infancy to adulthood. The goal of pre-surgical infant orthopedics is to reduce the severity of the cleft deformity before surgery. However, traditional methods do not address the deformity of the nasal cartilages and alveolar ridges simultaneously. The Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM) technique takes advantage of the malleability of immature nasal cartilage and its ability to maintain a permanent correction of its form. The NAM device is used to actively mold the alar dome, nasal cartilages, premaxilla, and alveolar ridges into a more normal anatomic form and position. It permits non-surgical elongation of the columella through application of tissue expansion principles. This results in better facial aesthetics and may help reduce the extent, number and cost of surgeries. The three cases presented illustrate the application of the NAM device for the pre-surgical infant orthopedics in unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients treated at the Philippine Children's Medical Center-Pediatric Dentistry Division (PCMC-PDD).

Pre-Surgical Nasolveolar Molding In Patients With Unilateral Clefts of Lip, Alveolus And Plate - A Case Report.

The case of a newborn male patient with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate with a marked cleft nose deformity is presented. This may lead to an unsatisfactory aesthetic result after primary cheiloplasty and nasoplasty. Five months prior to surgery, the patient was treated with Naso-alveolar molding. The device consisted of an acrylic plate on the maxillary arch to which was attached a wire of 0.032 inch diameter which lifted the nasal dome. The alignment of the alveolar segments creates the foundation upon which excellent results of lip and primary nasal surgery are dependent in the repair of the cleft lip and palate patient. The purpose of this article is to highlight the effectiveness of naso alveolar molding appliance used to direct growth of the alveolar ridge, lips, and nose in the pre surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate. As a result of this appliance, the primary surgical repair of the nose and lip heals under minimal tension, thereby reducing scar formation and improving the esthetic result.

Preparação psicológica e o estresse de crianças submetidas a cirurgias / Psychological preparation and stress of children undergoing surgery / Preparación psicológica y el estrés de los niños sometidos a cirugía

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa que avaliou os efeitos da preparação psicológica pré-cirúrgica sobre o estresse de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas em que foram utilizados dois programas distintos de preparação. A pesquisa foi realizada com 30 participantes, divididos em dois grupos, usuários de um hospital infantil, e nela utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Infantil (ESI). A pesquisa compreendeu três etapas distintas: a) aplicação da ESI antes da preparação, no dia anterior à cirurgia; b) a preparação propriamente dita, sendo ambos os grupos submetidos aos diferentes programas de preparação; e c) a reaplicação da ESI, depois da preparação. Os resultados mostraram que há significativa redução do nível de estresse depois da preparação, embora não tenha havido diferença significativa quanto ao tipo de programa utilizado. Há implicações práticas no atendimento psicológico das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e limitações a serem consideradas quando se pesquisa esta área da psicologia pediátrica.

This paper aims to present a study that assessed the effects of psychological preparation on pre-surgical stress in children undergoing elective surgery, using two separate programs of preparation. The research was conducted with 30 participants, divided into two groups, users of a children's hospital and it used the Child Stress Scale (ESI). There were three distinct stages: a) Implementation of ESI before preparation, the day before the surgery, b) the preparation itself, in both groups submitted to different programs of preparation, and c) a reapplication of ESI, after preparation. The results showed that significant reduction in the level of stress after preparation, although there was no significant difference on the type of program used. There are practical implications for the psychological attendance of children in pre-surgical situation and limitations to consider when researching this area of pediatric psychology.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un estudio que evaluó los efectos de la preparación psicológica pre-quirúrgica sobre el estrés en niños sometidos a cirugía electiva, con dos programas de preparación. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 30 participantes, divididos en dos grupos, los usuarios de un hospital de niños y se utiliza la Escala de Estrés infantil (ESI). Hubo tres fases distintas: a) Aplicación de ESI antes de la preparación, el día antes de la cirugía, b) la preparación en sí, en ambos grupos presentaron a diferentes programas de preparación, y c) una reaplicación de ESI, después de la preparación. Los resultados mostraron que la reducción significativa en el nivel de estrés después de la preparación, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas en el tipo de programa utilizado. Hay implicaciones prácticas para la situación psicológica de los niños en pre-quirúrgicos y las limitaciones a considerar en la investigación de esta área de la psicología pediátrica.

Contraindicaciones de la cirugía de catarata en pacientes del municipio Maracaibo / Cataract surgery contraindications for patients from Maracaibo municipality

Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 76 pacientes con catarata, que no pudieron ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Centro Oftalmológico del municipio de Maracaibo, perteneciente al estado de Zulia (Venezuela), desde junio hasta julio del 2009, a fin de identificar las principales causas que estaban contraindicando la operación de esa oftalmopatía, para lo cual se examinó un ojo de cada integrante de la serie. En la casuística predominaron el grupo etario de 60-69 años y el sexo masculino, así como la agudeza visual por debajo de 0,3 y el diagnóstico prequirúrgico de catarata senil. La degeneración macular asociada a la edad prevaleció como la enfermedad más frecuente que invalidara la cirugía, con primacía de la opacidad lenticular nuclear en cuanto a la clasificación morfológica. Se concluyó que no siempre la opacidad del cristalino causa la mala visión, por lo que es necesario realizar un detallado examen oftalmológico.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 76 patients with cataract, who could not be surgically treated at the Ophthalmological Center from Maracaibo municipality, belonging to Zulia State (Venezuela), was carried out from June to July, 2009 in order to identify the main causes that were contraindicating the ophthalmopathy surgery, for which each participant's eye was examined. The 60-69-year-old age group and male sex, as well as the visual sharpness under 0,3 and pre-surgical diagnosis of senile cataract, were predominant in the case material. Macular degeneration associated with age prevailed as the most frequent disease invalidating the surgery, giving some priority to nuclear lenticular opacity according to morphological classification. It was concluded that opacity of crystalline lens does not always cause bad vision, thus it is necessary to carry out a detailed ophthalmological test.

Diagnostic methods for extra-temporal neocortical focal epilepsies: present and future / Métodos diagnósticos das epilepsias focais neocorticais extratemporais: presente e futuro

The progress of epilepsies diagnosis has been great, but, amongst the diagnostic detailing that demand research, one of the most important is the essential lateralization and localization of epileptogenic zone, considered as the cerebral cortex region, that removed, will result in a free state of seizures. The present study aims to analyze the possible uses of proton spectroscopy for clinical and pre-surgical evaluation of focal extratemporal epilepsies, since this group presents the highest difficulty degree for lateralizing and locating epileptogenic zones. In almost all cases, a non invasive diagnosis can be performed using routine electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography - considered as gold standard, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, when the results of these exams are contradictory, some patients need invasive techniques, as the intra-cranial video-EEG, using deep electrodes, sub-dural strip and grid, that are associated with increased diagnostic cost and risk of complications, as cerebral hemorrhages and intra-cranial infections. Proton spectroscopy appears as a possibility, given its capacity to evaluate cerebral metabolism, by N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre) and choline (Cho) concentrations, amongst other metabolites. This non invasive method may provide time reduction of this evaluation and reliable level improvement for this topographical diagnosis.

Tem sido grande o progresso no diagnóstico das epilepsias, mas dentre os detalhamentos diagnósticos a exigir pesquisas, estão a lateralização e a localização precisas da zona epileptogênica, considerada como a região do córtex cerebral que, removida, irá resultar num estado livre de crises. Por meio de revisão da literatura, o objetivo deste estudo é expor e analisar os métodos diagnósticos das epilepsias neocorticais extratemporais, dadas as características que as tornam mais complexas do que as epilepsias temporais visto que estas apresentam o maior grau de dificuldade para lateralização e localização das zonas epileptogênicas. Na maior parte dos casos, o diagnóstico pode ser firmado de forma não invasiva, empregando-se a eletrencefalografia de superfície, a vídeo-eletrencefalografia, considerada o padrão-ouro, e a imagem por ressonância magnética. No entanto, quando os resultados dessas investigações são contraditórios, alguns pacientes necessitam de técnicas invasivas, como o vídeo-EEG intracraniano, utilizando eletrodos profundos, placas ou estrias subdurais, que se associam ao aumento do custo diagnóstico e do risco de complicações, como as hemorragias cerebrais e as infecções intracranianas. A espectroscopia de prótons surge como uma possibilidade, dada sua capacidade de avaliar o metabolismo cerebral, por meio das alterações de N-acetil aspartato (NAA), creatina (Cr) e colina (Co), dentre outros metabólitos. Esse método não invasivo pode reduzir o tempo de avaliação e melhorar o nível de confiança desse diagnóstico topográfico.