The nutritional status of Filipino pregnant adolescents 14 to 19 years old in a tertiary hospital

@#<p><strong>Objectives.</strong> 1) To determine the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years seen at the Philippine General Hospital Teen Mom Clinic from February to July 2014; 2) To describe the demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and lifestyle and health habits of adolescent mothers; 3) To describe the adequacy of the daily intake of nutrients (caloric energy, carbohydrates, protein, fats, folate, calcium, and iron) of adolescent mothers; and 4) To determine the association of specific demographic characteristics with body mass index categories.</p><p><br /><strong>Methods.</strong> This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Included were the pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years of age, referred to the Teen Mom Clinic, who planned to deliver at the Philippine General Hospital. Informed consent and assent forms were signed, and the principal investigator interviewed the subjects for demographic and clinical history at the time of enrolment. The adolescents were taught and instructed to fill up the food diary (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and the food frequency (once) forms. These were submitted on their next visit and given to a licensed nutritionist for analysis. The nutritional status was assessed by gathering the weight and height of the patients in order to compute for the body mass index at the time of enrolment in the study.</p><p><br /><strong>Results.</strong> The percentage distribution of nutritional status of pregnant adolescents consisted of the following: 65% normal; 28% underweight; 3.5% overweight; 3.5% obese. The 60 pregnant adolescents had a mean age of 16.9 years (SD 1.2). Their partners had a mean age of 20.3 years [SD 3.8]. On the average, they had a total of five pre-natal checkups. Majority of the respondents (85%) still depended primarily on their parents for financial support. Around 93% of the pregnancies were unplanned. Their median percent adequacy for daily calories was 72%, carbohydrates 69%, proteins 73%, and fats 86%. For the micronutrients, the median percent adequacies for folate, calcium, and iron, based on the needs of pregnant women, were 18%, 63%, and 29%, respectively. If amounts were compared to the requirements by age, the median adequacies of intake were 27%, 50%, and 41%, respectively. The nutritional status was not found dependent on the age, educational attainment, number of siblings, and the monthly family income of the respondents.</p><p><br /><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Only 65% of the pregnant adolescents had normal nutritional status. There was still an elevated level of malnutrition among pregnant adolescents as shown in this study: 28% were underweight, 3.3% were overweight, and another 3.3% were obese.</p>

Cuidados prenatales de enfermería proporcionados a adolescentes embarazadas en la consulta externa del CIMIGEN / Prenatal nursing care provided to pregnant adolescents in the external consultation of CIMIGEN / Assistência pré-natal de enfermagem prestada a adolescentes grávidas em consulta externa ao CIMIGENN

"El embarazo en adolescentes está expuesto a consecuencias, no sólo orgánicas sino también psicológicas, sociales, económicas, educativas y laborales. Por ello, se debe de pensar al embarazo en adolescentes en varios contextos y como fenómeno social. Sin embargo, los procedimientos de enfermería para la atención prenatal son los mismos que para toda la población de mujeres embarazadas, sin importar su edad. Objetivo: Identificar los tipos de cuidado que el personal de enfermería proporciona a las adolescentes embarazadas, es decir, los biológicos, psicológicos y sociales. Metodología: Se realizaron sesiones de observación participante, al personal de enfermería cuando brinda atención a gestantes menores de 20 años, y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a este personal. Resultados: En las consultas de enfermería los cuidados prenatales se centraron en los aspectos físicos y biológicos. Incluyeron el pesaje, la elaboración de la historia clínica prenatal, el interrogatorio sobre el desarrollo del embarazo, la toma de presión arterial, la exploración gineco-obstétrica y eventualmente, el Papanicolaou. Además, en las consultas se presentaron episodios de verificación de hábitos alimenticios y de detección de infecciones génito-urinarias, contracciones uterinas y síntomas de alarma para la prevención de riesgos y complicaciones en la salud. A pesar de que los aspectos psicosociales fueron poco evidentes en los cuidados dados por las enfermeras, sí los tomaron en cuenta: tranquilizaban a las adolescentes, les demostraban comprensión acerca de su conducta, las recriminaban por su alimentación inadecuada o por no tomar en tiempo y forma los medicamentos. Conclusión: El cuidado prenatal de enfermería a gestantes adolescentes tiene un énfasis curativo y preventivo en torno a lo físico y biológico. Aunque las enfermeras tienen potencial para realizar un cuidado prenatal más integral y de mayor calidad, los aspectos psicosociales en éste son débiles. Por ello, se recomienda fortalecerlos, mediante la formación profesional, la capacitación del personal y la modificación de algunas políticas y normas de la institución de salud, y así poder responder mejor a las necesidades de este grupo."

"A gravidez na adolescência está exposta a consequências, não apenas orgânicas, mas também psicológicas, sociais, econômicas, educacionais e trabalhistas. Portanto, a gravidez deve ser considerada em adolescentes em vários contextos e como um fenômeno social. No entanto, os procedimentos de enfermagem para o pré-natal são os mesmos de toda a população de gestantes, independentemente da idade. Objetivo: Identificar os tipos de cuidados que os enfermeiros prestam às adolescentes grávidas, isto é, biológicas, psicológicas e sociais. Metodologia: Foram realizadas sessões de observação dos participantes com a equipe de enfermagem no atendimento a gestantes menores de 20 anos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com essas equipes. Resultados: nas consultas de enfermagem, o pré-natal focado nos aspectos físicos e biológicos. Eles incluíram pesagem, preparação da história clínica pré-natal, interrogatório sobre o desenvolvimento da gravidez, aferição da pressão arterial, o exame gineco-obstétrico e, eventualmente, o exame de Papanicolaou. Além disso, as consultas apresentaram episódios de verificação dos hábitos alimentares e detecção de infecções genito-urinárias, contrações uterinas e sintomas de alarme para a prevenção de riscos e complicações à saúde. Embora os aspectos psicossociais não fossem muito evidentes nos cuidados prestados pelos enfermeiros, eles os levaram em consideração: tranquilizaram os adolescentes, mostraram compreensão sobre seu comportamento, os recriminaram por sua alimentação inadequada ou por não levá-los a tempo e a tempo. formar os medicamentos. Conclusão: A assistência pré-natal de enfermagem às adolescentes grávidas tem ênfase curativa e preventiva nos aspectos físicos e biológicos. Embora os enfermeiros tenham potencial para realizar um pré-natal mais abrangente e de maior qualidade, os aspectos psicossociais nele são fracos. Portanto, recomenda-se fortalecê-los, por meio de treinamento profissional, treinamento de pessoal e modificação de algumas políticas e padrões da instituição de saúde, para poder responder melhor às necessidades desse grupo."

"Teen pregnancy is exposed to consequences, not only organic but also psychological, social, economic, educational and labor. Therefore, pregnancy should be considered in adolescents in various contexts and as a social phenomenon. However, the nursing procedures for prenatal care are the same as for the entire population of pregnant women, regardless of their age. Objective: To identify the types of care that nurses provide to pregnant adolescents, that is, biological, psychological and social. Methodology: Participant observation sessions were held to the nursing staff when providing care to pregnant women under 20 years of age, and semi-structured interviews with these staff. Results: In nursing consultations, prenatal care focused on physical and biological aspects. They included weighing, the preparation of the prenatal clinical history, the interrogation on the development of pregnancy, the taking of blood pressure, the gyneco-obstetric examination and, eventually, the Pap smear. In addition, the consultations presented episodes of verification of eating habits and detection of genitourinary infections, uterine contractions and alarm symptoms for the prevention of health risks and complications. Although the psychosocial aspects were not very evident in the care given by the nurses, they did take them into account: they reassured the adolescents, showed them understanding about their behavior, recriminated them for their inadequate feeding or for not taking them in time and form the medications. Conclusion: Prenatal nursing care for pregnant teenagers has a curative and preventive emphasis on the physical and biological aspects. Although nurses have the potential to perform a more comprehensive and higher quality prenatal care, the psychosocial aspects in it are weak. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen them, through professional training, staff training and the modification of some policies and standards of the health institution, and thus be able to better respond to the needs of this group."

Significado de las prácticas de cuidado cultural de sí y de su hijo por nacer, de un grupo de gestantes adolescentes de Barranquilla / Meaning of the practices of cultural care of oneself and of their unborn child, of a group of pregnant adolescents from Barranquilla

Introducción: La adolescencia es una etapa importante en el ciclo vital de la mujer, que puede hacerse difícil cuando va acompañada de un evento muchas veces no esperado. Diversos estudios han explorado el impacto de la gestación en la salud materna y neonatal, y han encontrado que es más relevante en la adolescente; situación que resalta la vulnerabilidad de esta población. La literatura evidencia que el cuidado de la gestante adolescente, involucra a la familia, sus creencias y prácticas tradicionales como elementos culturales; por tanto, deben ser reconocidos por Enfermería. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo: describir el significado de las prácticas de cuidado cultural de sí y de su hijo por nacer en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes asistentes al control prenatal del Hospital Niño Jesús de Barranquilla. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo de tipo etnográfico, en el que se utilizó el método de la Etnoenfermería propuesto por Leininger. Las participantes fueron: 10 gestantes adolescentes entre 15 y 19 años, y 12 enfermeras con experiencia en el área. Las primeras como informantes clave, y las segundas como informantes generales. Resultados: Se encontró que el significado de las prácticas de cuidado cultural, para las gestantes adolescentes, se clasifica en tres grandes temas: 1) Prácticas de cuidado transmitidas de generación en generación predominando la línea femenina, 2) La confianza en Dios y el apoyo de la familia como una forma de cuidarse, y 3) Dar a luz un hijo sano. Discusión y Conclusiones: Las prácticas de cuidado de las gestantes adolecentes están fuertemente enraizadas en sus creencias, mitos y valores culturales heredados de generación en generación; mostrando así, patrones de cuidado cultural. Aspecto que debe ser identificado por Enfermería, para ofrecer cuidados que sean culturalmente congruentes a esta población.

Introduction: Adolescence is an important stage in the life cycle of women, which can be difficult when accompanied by an event often unexpected. Several studies have explored the impact of pregnancy on maternal and neonatal health, and have found that it is more relevant in the adolescent, a situation that highlights the vulnerability of this population. The literature shows that the pregnant adolescent care, involving the family, their beliefs and practices as cultural elements, therefore, should be recognized for Nursing. This research aimed to: explore the meaning of cultural care practices themselves and their unborn child in a group of pregnant adolescents in Barranquilla Methodology: qualitative ethnographic study in which we used the method proposed by Leininger Ethnonursing. Participants were 10 pregnant adolescents between 15 and 19 years, who attended the prenatal control a public hospital in Barranquilla, and 12 nurses with experience in the area. The first as key informants, and the latter as general informants. Results: We found that the meaning of cultural care practices for pregnant teens, is classified into three major themes: 1) care practices handed down from generation to generation dominate the female line, 2) Trust in God and the support family as a form of care, and 3) Give birth to a healthy child. Discussion and Conclusions: The care practices of pregnant adolescents are strongly rooted in their beliefs, myths and cultural values inherited from generation to generation, thus showing, cultural care patterns. Aspect that must be identified by Nursing, to provide care that is culturally congruent to this population.

Investigations on status and requirement of knowledge of reproduction in pregnant adolescents with abortion / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the status and requirement of knowledge of reproduction and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/sexually transmited disease (STD) in pregnant adolescents with abortion in order to conduct proper interventions. Methods Two hundred and ninety-one unmarried pregnant adolescents below 22 years old with abortion completed questionnaires which involved the information on individual social-demographics characteristics, knowledge of reproduction, AIDS/STD and sex-related beliefs, attitudes and partners. Results Among these 291 adolescents, 37.7% experienced first sexual intercourse before 19 years old, 69.1% performed well in the knowledge of reproduction, and 62.6% and 43.5% did well in the knowledge of AIDS and the knowledge of the other STD, respectively. The rate of implementation of contraception was far less than that of awarenesss of contraception(P<0.05). These pregnant adolescents were not enthusiastic for seeking reproductive knowledge, and 45.0% would like to acquire the knowledge from professionals. Conclusion The knowledge of reproduction and AIDS/STD in the pregnant adolescents is not adequate, and they fail to carry out the proper behaviors of contraception. More education should be conducted on AIDS/STD prevention and contraception among pregnant adolescents.