Prenatal counseling in cardiac surgery: A report of 225 fetuses with congenital heart disease / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the method and significance of prenatal counseling in cardiac surgery for fetal congenital heart disease (CHD).@*METHODS@#The prenatal counseling should be provided by experienced CHD experts. The preliminary clinical diagnosis based on relevant data was carried out, the prognosis risk for fetal CHD was graded, and the pathophysiological process and potential hazards of the disease were analyzed. The current condition of CHD in the treatment plan, the long-term quality of life, and the special requirements of parturition in place, period and mode were described. A reliable follow-up system of the fetuses was established, the diagnosis after delivery was verified, and surgical treatment was carried out timely.@*RESULTS@#From January 2016 to December 2018, 225 parents with fetal CHD received prenatal counseling, including 60 fetuses (26.7%) with simple CHD and 165 (73.3%) with complex CHD, among which 59 cases (98.3%) and 93 cases (56.4%) decided to continue the pregnancy, respectively. During the follow-up, 118 fetuses were born, of which 66 infants received surgical treatment within 6 months after birth, 63 infants (95.5%) recovered and 3 infants (4.5%) died. The rest 52 infants continued to be followed up.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prenatal counseling for fetal CHD can provide the parents a comprehensive medical information about CHD, which is beneficial to making appropriate pregnancy decisions, and can turn the fetuses from unreasonable birth and passive treatment to selective birth and active treatment in CHD.

Prenatal counseling strategies for two cases with maternal uterine cavity abnormalities and misshapen fetal head detected in the third trimester / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the clinical strategies of prenatal counseling in cases with abnormal maternal uterus cavity and misshapen fetal head detected in the third trimester.METHODS:The cases with both maternal uterus malforma⁃tion and ultrasound-diagnosed microcephaly only at the third trimester between 2016 and 2017 were reviewed and the postnatal development of the infants was followed up.RESULTS:A total of two cases were recruited and both cases showed normal fetal structure at the second trimester anomaly scan.One case was noted to have board thick fibromuscular adhe⁃sions band.The fetus was in breech presentation with limited fetal movement of the lower limbs.Amniocenetesis revealed normal karyotype of the fetus.At the 31 st week of the gestation,the fetus appeared to have elongated head with head cir⁃cumference(HC)at-2 SD level,protruding upper lip,and unilateral club foot.The other pregnant woman had complete uterine septum with fundus-located placenta and breech presentation.Her fetus had a HC below-4 SD whereas the dis⁃tance between the cranial bottom to top was 88 mm,with caput succedaneum and oligohydramnios.Magnetic resonance im⁃aging(MRI)showed normal structure and sulci gyrus development of the fetus.Both babies were born prematurely(at36 th and 31 st week)with birth weights compatible to their gestational ages,and both had an obviously misshapen head at birth.One baby also had unilateral club foot.The babies' appearance and development were totally normal at a follow-up examination at 6 months after birth.CONCLUSION:The prognosis of cases with uterine cavity abnormality and misshapen fetal head detected only at third trimester is usually good,but there is increased risk of malpresentation and preterm la⁃bor.Comprehensive assessment of the serial fetal growth conditions,maternal uterus abnormalities,and MRI are helpful in prenatal counseling.

Medication Utilization during Pregnancy and Development of Educational Materials for Safe Use of Medication

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the safe medication utilization and the education demands during pregnancy and it further reported the development of educational materials for pregnant women. METHODS: A survey was conducted in two tertiary care university hospitals and one community hospital specialized in obstetrics and gynecology from July 2 to 29 2014. The survey questionnaires included the usage of medications and the unmet needs on medication use during pregnancy. Ad ditionally, pregnant women's requests regarding to medication use were collected through group interviewing of community pharmacists. Based on these results, educational materials were de veloped and implemented. After implementing the education sessions, the satisfaction was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 152 pregnant women answered completely the questionnaire. Among them, 130 participants (42.8%) were given the medication information from their physicians. Exposure to a teratogenic drug during pregnancy was a major concern for most pregnant women (79.6%). The majority (90.1%) of subjects reported a necessity of medication-related education during their pregnancy. The interview with 48 pharmacists indicated that the most commonly used OTC drugs in pregnancy were vitamins (25.2%), iron supplements (23.7%), and the most frequently used prescription drugs were antiinflammatory-analgesics (25.3%), followed by antibiotics (20.9 %). Based on the results, booklets of drug therapy during pregnancy, leaflet of pregnancy category index were made. Also, on-line flash and presentation materials for instructors were prepared. Through the trial education with the developed materials, it was confirmed that the contents of education materials were well understood and satisfied by the pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the need of the medication-related education for the pregnant women. The developed education materials would be helpful sources to provide accurate and reliable medication-related information to health professionals and pregnant women.

Diagnóstico prenatal del pie bot / Prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot

Introducción. El pie bot es una de las anomalías músculo- esqueléticas congénitas más frecuentes. La utilización de la ecografía para la detección prenatal del pie bot ha avanzado rápidamente en la última década, pero las publicaciones han presentado una gran variabilidad de opiniones en cuanto a la eficacia del método, la asociación con otras patologías y la necesidad de realizar amniocentesis para análisis del cariotipo. Objetivos. Analizar en qué porcentaje de pacientes se realizó diagnóstico prenatal del pie bot, evaluar la opinión de las madres al respecto y aclarar algunos conceptos revisando la bibliografía disponible a la fecha. Métodos. Se analizó retrospectivamente un grupo de 54 pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de pie bot tratados en el período enero 2008-junio 2010. Se documentaron el número de ecografías realizadas durante el embarazo, el tipo de ecografía realizada (2D, 3D o 4D) y la semana de gestación al momento del diagnóstico. Las madres fueron encuestadas a fin de conocer su opinión con respecto al diagnóstico prenatal de esta deformidad. Resultados. Se realizaron 3,2 ecografías promedio durante el embarazo (r, 1-7). En el 25% (13/52) de los casos se realizó diagnóstico prenatal. El diagnóstico fue realizado en 7 casos con ecografía 2D, en 4 con 3D y en 2 con 4D, y en promedio se efectuó a la semana 22 (r, 20-28). En ningún paciente se llevó a cabo diagnóstico temprano, en 12 fue tardío y en 1 muy tardío. Conclusión. El diagnóstico prenatal permite a los padres de prepararse psicológicamente y asesorarse sobre la patología. En nuestra serie, el 90,4% se mostró a favor de conocer previamente el diagnóstico.

Introduction. Clubfoot is one of the most frequent congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. The use of ultrasound for prenatal detection of clubfoot has advanced rapidly in the last decade, but publications report a great variability in opinions regarding the effectiveness of the method, the association with other diseases and the need to perform amniocentesis analysis of the karyotype. Objectives. To analyze the percentage of patients with prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot, evaluate mothers' opinion on this issue, and clarify some concepts by reviewing the literature available to date. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed a group of 54 consecutive patients diagnosed with clubfoot treated from January 2008 to June 2010. We documented the number of ultrasounds performed during pregnancy, type of ultrasound (2D, 3D or 4D) and the gestational week at diagnosis. Mothers were surveyed to ascertain their opinion with regard to prenatal diagnosis. Results. An average of 3.2 ultrasounds was performed during pregnancy (r, 1-7). Prenatal diagnosis was performed in 25% of cases (13/52 patients). Diagnosis was performed in 7 cases with 2-D ultrasound in 4 with 3-D and in 2 with 4-D. Diagnosis was performed on average at week 22 (r, 20- 28). No patient was diagnosed early, 12 were diagnosed late and 1 very late. Conclusion. Prenatal diagnosis gives parents the opportunity for psychological preparation and counseling regarding clubfoot. In our series, 90.4% supported prenatal diagnosis.