Prevalência de halitose autorreferida e fatores associados em recrutas da cidade de Pelotas / Prevalence of reported halitosis and associated factors among military recruits in the city of Pelotas

Halitose é uma condição comum relacionada com fatores sistêmicos e orais que afeta diferentes grupos de idade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de halitose autorreferida e fatores associados. Indivíduos que se apresentaram para o alistamento em Pelotas foram designados a comparecer no 9º Batalhão de Infantaria motorizado, em dia e hora previamente agendados. Na ocasião, os indivíduos responderam a um questionário com questões sobre saúde oral e geral que fazia parte de um consórcio envolvendo avaliação dermatológica e antropométrica. Dentre os avaliados, 2274 recrutas responderam ao questionário, dos quais 10,1% relataram apresentar halitose. Os indivíduos foram alertados sobre sua halitose por alguém de seu convívio próximo ou esporádico. As variáveis mais frequentemente mencionadas foram fumo, seguido de higiene oral pobre, associadas ao aumento da prevalência de halitose em 61% (PR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.18-2.20) e, aproximadamente 2.5% (PR=246; 95% CI: 1.26 ­ 4.83), respectivamente. A escolaridade também mostrou relação com halitose (p<0.001). Um total de 20,1% da amostra tentou mascarar seu mau hálito de alguma forma e 12% relatou algum tipo de preocupação com seu hálito. Concluiu-se que a halitose é uma condição comum na população estudada, estando associada ao fumo, higiene oral pobre e baixo grau de instrução. Indivíduos com halitose normalmente relatam desconforto associado com essa condição oral.

Halitosis is a common condition related to oral or systemic factors that affect different age groups. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported halitosis as well as associated factors to this condition. Subjects joining the Army in Pelotas were asked to be at the 9th Infantry Battalion on the day and time previously scheduled. On the occasion, the subjects answered a questionnaire containing questions on oral and general health. The questionnaire was completed by 2274 recruits and 10.1% of the subjects reported to have suffered from halitosis. They were told about it by someone living with them or by close persons who were part of their daily routine. The most often mentioned variables were related to smoking, which increased the prevalence of halitosis in 61% (PR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.18-2.20), followed by poor oral conditions which increased halitosis approximately 2.5 times (PR=2.46; 95% CI: 1. 26 ­ 4.83). Educational level was also associated with halitosis (p<0.001). A total of 20.1% from the sample tried to mask their bad breath in some way and 12% expressed some kind of concern related to it. It was concluded that halitosis is a common condition in evaluated population. It was found to be associated with smoking, poor oral health care and low education level. People with halitosis usually report some kind of discomfort caused by this oral condition.

Access to information on how to avoid oral health problems among elderly persons registered with the Family Health Strategy / Acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais entre idosos cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde da Família

Objectives : To identify the level of access to information regarding how to prevent oral health problems among the elderly, and verify if such levels were higher among members of households registered with the Family Health Strategy Program. Methods : An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted of a probabilistic complex sample of elderly (65-74 years old) members of the population of a large city. The level of access was estimated with adjustment for the design effect, as well as the magnitudes of association. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression (OR/CI95%) analysis was performed. Variables related to personal determinants, health services, health-related behavior and health outcomes were considered. Results : Of the 490 participants, 53.4% reported they had access to information about how to prevent oral health problems. This access was higher among elderly persons living in a household registered with the Family Health Strategy Program (2.04/1.14-3.67), and who had at least five years of schooling (2.53/1.67-3.83), regularly used dental services (1.84/1.07-3.17), did not smoke either now or in the past (1.79/1.13-2.82), did not suffer from chronic diseases (2.14/1.34-3.42) and had not suffered social impacts because of their oral health conditions (1.77/1.08-2.91). Conclusion : Most of the elderly persons had access to information about how to prevent oral health problems, with such access being greater among those registered with the Family Health Strategy Program.

Objetivos: Identificar a prevalência do acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais entre idosos e verificar se esse acesso foi maior entre os residentes em domicílios cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Método: Estudo transversal analítico conduzido a partir de amostra probabilística complexa por conglomerado de idosos (65-74 anos) de um município de grande porte populacional. Foi estimada a prevalência do acesso com correções pelo efeito de desenho, além das magnitudes das associações, sendo conduzidas análises descritivas, bivariadas e regressão logística (OR/IC95%). Considerou-se variáveis referentes aos determinantes pessoais, serviços de saúde, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e desfechos de saúde. Resultados: Dentre os 490 participantes, 53,4% relataram o acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais. Esse acesso foi maior entre os idosos que residiam em domicílio cadastrado na ESF (2,04/1,14-3,67), tinham maior escolaridade (2,53/1,67-3,83), utilizaram os serviços odontológicos por rotina (1,84/1,07-3,17), não relataram hábito tabagista atual ou passado (1,79/1,13-2,82), não possuíam doença crônica (2,14/1,34-3,42) e não tiveram impacto social das suas condições de saúde bucal (1,77/1,08-2,91). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a maioria dos idosos teve acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais, sendo o acesso maior entre aqueles cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde da Família.

Prevalencia del virus papiloma humano y sus factores de riesgo en hombres: revisión sistemática / Prevalence of human papillomavirus virus and risk factors in men: a systematic review

Introducción. El virus del papiloma humano (Human Papilloma Virus, HPV) es el causante de diversos cánceres del sistema genitourinario; se ha detectado en 97,4 % de los casos de cáncer de cuello uterino. No obstante su alta prevalencia, ha sido poco estudiado en hombres y las investigaciones realizadas presentan resultados divergentes. Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de la infección por HPV en hombres y sus factores de riesgo, a partir de la combinación de diversos estudios. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica con base en estudios publicados en español, inglés y portugués, en 10 bases de datos multidisciplinarias. Se incluyeron investigaciones realizadas en diferentes poblaciones, a partir de la implementación de un protocolo de búsqueda que incluyó criterios de inclusión y exclusión, aplicados por tres investigadores de forma independiente. Resultados. Se incluyeron 17 artículos, los cuales correspondían a una población de 8.788 hombres universitarios o militares, con VIH u otra infección de transmisión sexual, y compañeros de mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino o que estaban infectadas con HPV. La prevalencia global de la infección fue de 38 %, con un rango entre 9 y 84 %. Los principales factores de riesgo de la infección incluyeron aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de comportamiento. Conclusión. La disminución de la prevalencia de infección por HPV depende de la implementación de estrategias de intervención que incluyan hombres y cuyo eje sean los factores de riesgo y no los grupos de riesgo.

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is responsible for various cancers of the genitourinary tract, it has been detected in 97.4% of cases of cervical cancer, despite its high prevalence, it has not been studied in men and investigations inform divergent results. Objective: To describe the prevalence of HPV infection in men and their risk factors, from the combination of several studies. Materials and methods: Systematic review of the literature based on studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese in 10 multidisciplinary databases. Research included different populations, using a search protocol that included inclusion and exclusion criteria applied independently by three researchers. Results: We included 17 papers which correspond to a population of 8788 men, college students, military members, HIV infected or with other sexually transmitted infection and partners of women with cervical cancer or infected with HPV. The general prevalence of infection was 38%, ranging between 9% and 84%. The main risk factors for infection included sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral aspects. Conclusion: The decreasing prevalence of HPV infection depends on the implementation of intervention strategies that include men and with axis in risk factors and not in risk groups.

Prevalencia de asma y enfermedades atópicas en niños de Panamá. Estudio Nacional de Asma y Atopia en niños (ISAAC) fase III

Objetivo: Describir comparativamente la prevalencia del asma y enfermedades atómicas basado en el estudio ISAAC FASE 1 y FASE 111 en niños de 6-7 años y 13-14 años de edad en la República de Panamá Metodología : Se seleccionaron al azar 35 escuelas y colegios en la provincia de Panamá, Herrera, Chiriquí y Veraguas, de la República de Panamá. La información se obtuvo por un cuestionario elaborado usando el protocolo del Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergia en la niñez (ISAAC). Todos los cuestionarios fueron revisados y los datos fueron transferidos a una base de datos en Epi-Info 6.0 , usando el formato y la codificación de ISAAC. El análisis estadístico de los resultados se efectuó obteniendo las frecuencias de las variables y aplicando la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 6155 niños de dos grupos etareos ,de 6-7 años (2941) y de 13 -14 años (3214). La prevalencia del asma en la República de Panamá puede estimarse en niños escolares de 6 a 7 años en 22.7% y de 13-14 años en 22.9% con una prevalencia general de 22.8% (p<0.001). La prevalencia de enfermedades atópicas relacionadas a asma se estimó en 52.6% para la rinitis, conjuntivitis 30.2% y eczema en 27.4% Conclusión: La prevalencia de asma en la República de Panamá comparando los resultados del estudio ISAAC 1997 y 2003 es de 22.8% en niños de 6-7 años y de 20% en niños de 13-14 años.

Objectives: Define the prevalence of asthma and atopic diseases in children 6-7 years and 13-14 years of age in the Republic of Panama according to ISAAC protocols FASE 1 and FASE 111 studies. Material and Methods: We randomly selected 35 elementary schools and junior high schools in the province of Panama, Herrera, Chiriquí and Veraguas of the Republic of Panama. The information was gotten by a questionnaire using the protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC). All questionnaires were reviewed and the data were transferred to a database in Epi-Info 6.0, using the format and the ISAAC code. The Statistical analysis of the results was made obtaining the frequencies of the variables and applying the chi-square test. Results: A total of 6155 children from two age groups, aged 6-7 years (2941) and 13-14 years (3214) were studied. The prevalence of asthma in the Republic of Panama can be estimated in school children from 6 to 7 years in 22.7% and 13-14 years in 22.9% (p<0.001)with a general prevalence of 22.8% (p <0.001). The prevalence of atopic diseases related to asthma was estimated at 52.6% (p<0.001)for rhinitis, conjunctivitis 30.2% and eczema in 27.4%(p<0.001) Conclusion: The data gotten in this study demonstrate a high prevalence of asthma in the Republic of Panama. These data be used in order to evaluate the present and future behavior of these diseases in Panama, and most call attention on the necessity of taking specific measurements for their prevention and management.

Caries dental y factores de riesgo en adultos jóvenes: Distrito Capital, Venezuela / Dental caries and risk factors present in young adults

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal o de prevalencia con el objetivo de describir la morbilidad por caries dental y factores de riesgo seleccionados en adultos jóvenes en el periodo de enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2006, en el municipio Libertador del Distrito Capital. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado 245 trabajadores sociales venezolanos luchadores sociales, que laboraron en la Misión Energía. Se confeccionó un formulario en el cual se recogió toda la información necesaria, se utilizó para ellos los métodos empíricos de la observación e interrogatorio al paciente, se determinó la morbilidad de la caries dental así como la asociación entre estas y factores de riesgos modificables y se calcularon los indicadores de riesgo e impacto potencial. El 90,6 por ciento de los examinados presentaron caries dental, la edad màs afectada fue la de 30 años y màs con un 94,4 por ciento y el sexo masculino con un 91,2 por ciento, aunque no se determinaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a ellas (p> 0,05). Se determinó asociación significativa en orden de importancia entre las caries y la experiencia anterior de la enfermedad (razón de prevalencia (RP)= 2,63; fracción etiológica en los expuestos (EEe)= 62,0 y fracción etiológica en la población (FEp)= 55,1); ingestión de dieta cariogénica (RP= 2,33; FEe= 57,1 y FEp= 49,9); higiene bucal no adecuada (RP= 1,63, FEe= 38,6 y FEp= 31,55); nivel de conocimiento no adecuado sobre salud bucal (RP= 1,30, FEe= 23,1 y FEp= 16,4) y la no visita sistemática a la consulta estomatológica (RP= 1,27; FEe= 21,3 y FEp= 15,5). Se recomienda diseñar y aplicar estrategias de intervención educativas con participación comunitaria, con el objetivo de modificar los conocimientos, actitudes y pràcticas para la prevención de la Caries dental(AU)

A cross-sectional epidemiologic or of prevalence study was conducted to describe the morbidity by dental caries and risk factors selected in young adults from January, 2006 to December, 2006 in Libertador municipality, Distrito Capital. Universe included 245 Venezuelan social workers social fighters, located in Energy Mission. A form was designed in which was recorded all information need using empirical methods of observation and questioning to patients, determining the morbidity of dental caries as well as the association each other, and risk factors modifiable , estimating also the potential risk and social impact indicators. The 90,6 percent of person polled had dental caries the more affected were those aged 30 and more with 94,4 percent and male sex with a 91,2 percent although there were not significant differences related to it (p> 0.05). In significance order there was a significant difference among the cries and the prior experience of disease (odds ratio (OR)= 2.63). Etiological fraction in those exposed (EEe)= 62,0 and etiological fraction in population (FEp)= 55,1), ingestion of cariogenic diet (RP= 2.33, Fee= 57,1 and FEp= 49.9), inappropriate oral hygiene (RP= 1,63, Fee= 38.6 and FEp= 31.55), non-suitable knowledge level on oral health (RP= 1.30, Fee= 23.1 and FEp= 16.4), and the non systematic visit to Stomatology consultation (RP= 1.27, Fee= 21,3 and FEp= 15.5). It is advisable to design and to apply educational interventional strategies with community involvement to modify the knowledges, attitudes and practices to prevent dental caries(AU)