Asociación del riesgo a desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 según la calculadora de la asociación americana de diabetes (ADA) y los hábitos tóxicos no ilícitos en pacientes que residen en una comunidad rural de Peravia, República Dominicana / Association of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) calculator and non-illicit toxic habits in patients residing in a rural community in Peravia, Dominican Republic

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se define como un trastorno metabólico caracterizado por niveles de glucosa en sangre crónicamente elevados. La DM2 representa el paradigma de las enfermedades crónicas en las que existe una estrecha asociación entre factores familiares y ambientales. Por este motivo, este estudio tiene como finalidad determinar la asociación del riesgo a desarrollar DM2 y los hábitos tóxicos no ilícitos en pacientes que residen en una comunidad rural de Peravia, República Dominicana. Tales incluyen: alcohol, café y té. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal, analítico y prospectivo. Se aplicó cuestionario, recolectaron datos antropométricos y se determinó glucosa capilar a la muestra (n=304). Resultados: la prevalencia a presentar un alto riesgo a desarrollar DM2 en la población es de 35.5%, mientras que la prevalencia a presentar riesgo bajo es de 64.5%. En cuanto a hábitos tóxicos, no existió correlación positiva entre consumo de té y desarrollo de DM2. Sin embargo, sí entre el consumo de café y alcohol. Conclusiones: los habitantes de salinas presentan un bajo riesgo a desarrollar DM2, pero utilizan factores de riesgos modificables que aumentan la prevalencia a DM2.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is defined as a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels. DM2 represents the paradigm of chronic diseases in which there is a close association between family and environmental factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the association of the risk of developing DM2 and non-illicit toxic habits in patients residing in a rural community in Peravia, Dominican Republic. Such habits include alcohol, coffee and tea. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical and prospective study. A questionnaire was applied, anthropometric data was collected, and capillary glucose was determined in the study sample (n=304). Results: the prevalence of presenting a high risk of developing DM2 in the population is 35.5%, while the prevalence of presenting low risk is 64.5%. Regarding toxic habits, there was no positive correlation between tea consumption and the development of DM2. However, this result differed between consumption of coffee and alcohol. Conclusions: the inhabitants of Salinas have a low risk of developing DM2 but are subject to modifiable risk factors that increase said prevalence.

Análise do perfil epidemiológico dos exames citopatológico do colo do útero em Altamira no período de 2014 a 2020: dados a partir do SISCAN / Analysis of the epidemiological profile of cervical cytopathological exams in Altamira in the period from 2014 to 2020: data from SISCAN / Análisis del perfil epidemiológico de los exámenes citopatológicos de cérvix en Altamira en el periodo de 2014 a 2020: datos del SISCAN

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho aborda sobre características referente aos exames citopatológicos do colo do útero em Altamira, coletado no Sistema de Informação do Câncer, dentro do período de 2014 a 2020. Observou-se também a qualidade da interpretação dos principais resultados encontrados, sobre a técnica de coleta e qualidade de exames. O objetivo é analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos exames citopatológicos do colo do útero do município. MÉTODO: A metodologia realizada foi estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal, epidemiológico, descritiva e analítico. RESULTADOS: Verificou- se um crescimento anual na taxa de cobertura do exame do preventivo no período de 2014 a 2019, que está ligado à implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável do Xingu, e que esse crescimento mostra uma diferença estatística significativa entre a taxa de cobertura de Altamira, Pará, Brasil. Observou-se presença de falhas no preenchimento da ficha de notificação é referente ao campo da escolaridade das pacientes que não apresentam registro. Quanto a faixa etária mais frequente que realizam o exame do preventivo está entre 25 a 34 anos e as lesões intraepiteliais do colo uterino mais frequentes são: a de baixo grau que corresponde à população jovem (<34 anos) e de alto grau entre 25 a 44 anos.

OBJECTIVE: This paper deals with characteristics related to cytopathological examinations of the cervix in Altamira, collected in the Cancer Information System, within the period from 2014 to 2020. It was also observed the quality of interpretation of the main results found, on the technique collection and quality of exams. The objective is to analyze the epidemiological profile of cytopathological tests of the cervix in the city. METHOD: The methodology used was a quantitative, cross- sectional, epidemiological study, descriptive and analytical approach. RESULTS: As a result, there was an annual growth in the coverage rate of the preventive exam in the period from 2014 to 2019, which is linked to the implementation of the Xingu Sustainable Regional Development Plan, and that this growth shows a significant statistical difference between the coverage rate of Altamira, Pará, Brazil. It was observed the presence of failures in completing the notification form referring to the field of education of patients who do not have a record. As for the most frequent age group that undergoes the preventive examination, it is between 25 and 34 years old and the most frequent intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix are: low-grade, which corresponds to the young population (<34 years) and high-grade, between 25 and 34 years old. 44 years.

OBJETIVO: En este trabajo se abordan las características relacionadas con los exámenes citopatológicos de cérvix en Altamira, recogidos en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer, en el periodo comprendido entre 2014 y 2020. También se observó la calidad de interpretación de los principales resultados encontrados, sobre la técnica de recolección y calidad de los exámenes. El objetivo es analizar el perfil epidemiológico de los exámenes citopatológicos de cuello uterino en la ciudad. MÉTODO: La metodología utilizada fue un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, epidemiológico, de abordaje descriptivo y analítico. RESULTADOS: Como resultado, se observó un crecimiento anual de la tasa de cobertura del examen preventivo en el período de 2014 a 2019, que está vinculado a la implementación del Plan de Desarrollo Regional Sostenible Xingu, y que este crecimiento muestra una diferencia estadística significativa entre la tasa de cobertura de Altamira, Pará, Brasil. Se observó la presencia de fallas en el llenado del formulario de notificación referente al campo de la educación de los pacientes que no tienen un registro. En cuanto al grupo de edad más frecuente que se somete al examen preventivo, es entre 25 y 34 años y las lesiones intraepiteliales del cuello uterino más frecuentes son: de bajo grado, que corresponde a la población joven (<34 años) y de alto grado, entre 25 y 44 años.

Factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas del cáncer de mama en pacientes mujeres atendidas en el Centro de Salud Subtanjalla, Ica ­2019 / Risk factors and preventive measures for breast cancer in female patients treated at the Subtanjalla health center, Ica ­2019

El estudio tuvo como Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas del cáncer de mama en pacientes mujeres atendidas en el centro de salud Subtanjalla de Ica -2019. Material y métodos: De tipo no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, con muestra de 108 mujeres, aplicándose un cuestionario estructurado de 15 preguntas, validado por expertos, y con Alfa de Cronbach de 0.77. Resultados: Los factores más relevantes menarquia precoz, que fue a los 12 años en el 35%, los antecedentes familiares con cáncer con un 51%, el 44% utiliza el inyectable como método anticonceptivo, el 65% a veces consume bebidas alcohólicas; en las medidas preventivas el 75% no realiza actividad física, el 49% no consume frutas y verduras frecuentemente, el 44% no se realiza el autoexamen de mama; según los factores de riesgo; el 44% de mujeres tienen entre 21 a 30 años; el 35% de mujeres tuvo su primera menstruación a los 12 años; el 32% de mujeres no utiliza ningún método anticonceptivo;, el 51% de mujeres tienen antecedentes de cáncer; el 81% de mujeres no consume cigarrillos, el 69% de mujeres consume bebidas alcohólicas a veces. El 75% de mujeres no realiza actividad preventiva, el 49% de mujeres tienen dieta saludable; el 44% de mujeres refiere realizar cada mes el autoexamen de mama. Conclusiones: Los datos estadísticos demuestran que existen factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas del cáncer de mama.

The study was Objective: To identify the risk factors and preventive measures of breast cancer in female patients treated at the Subtanjalla health center in Ica -2019. Material and methods:Non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, with a sample of 108 women, applying a structured questionnaire of 15 questions, validated by experts, and with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.77. Results:The most relevant factors were early menarche, which was at 12 years of age in 35%, a family history of cancer with 51%, 44% used injectables as a contraceptive method, 65% sometimes consumed alcoholic beverages; In preventive measures, 75% do not perform physical activity, 49% do not consume fruits and vegetables frequently, 44% do not perform breast self-examination; according to risk factors; 44% of women are between 21 and 30 years old; 35% of women had their first menstruation at age 12; 32% of women do not use any contraceptive method; 51% of women have a history of cancer; 81% of women do not consume cigarettes, 69% of women sometimes consume alcoholic beverages. 75% of women do not carry out preventive activity, 49% of women have a healthy diet; 44% of women report performing a breast self-examination every month. Conclusions:Statistical data demonstrate that there are risk factors and preventive measures for breast cancer.Keywords: Risk factors, preventive measures, cancer.

PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF CRANBERRY GEL ON DENTIN SUBMITTED TO EROSION

Aims: Considering that Cranberry's components might inhibit dentin metalloproteinases exposed to erosive agents, the aim of this study was to evaluate in situeffect of a Cranberry gel application on dentin before an erosive challenge.Materials and methods: This crossover double-blinded study was performed in 2 phases of 5 days each, with 10 healthy volunteers who wore 2 palatal devices (1 for each phase) with 4 dentin specimens (2 specimens for each group). The groups under study were:First Phase: G1 -Erosivechallenge (Coca-cola®) over dentin without any previous treatment (1st negative control group); G2 -Erosive challenge over dentin previously treated with Cranberry gel (test group); and Second Phase: G3 -Erosive challenge over dentin previously treated with a gel without any active principle (2ndnegative control group); G4 -Erosive challenge over dentin previously treated with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gel (positive control group). Each device was immersed into the acid beverage, 3 times daily for 5 minutes during 5 days. Profilometry (µm) was used to quantify the dentin wear. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance followed by Fisher's test (p<0.05).Results: Data (G1: 4.98 ± 1.36a; G2: 3.29 ± 1.16b; G3: 4.38 ± 1.19a; G4: 3.32 ± 1.55b) showed no statistical difference between G1 and G3. There was also no difference between G2 and G4. However, G2 and G4 presented lower wear when compared to G1 and G3, and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this studysuggest a significant efficacy of Cranberry gel in preventing wear of dentin subjected to dental erosion.

Actualización en analgesia preventiva y analgesia multimodal / Update on preventive analgesia and multimodal analgesia

Una deficiente calidad del manejo del dolor post operatorio agudo genera aumento en la morbilidad perioperatoria, disminuye la calidad de vida del paciente, aumenta los reingresos hospitalarios y, finalmente, los costes en salud. La analgesia preventiva y multimodal son dos estrategias que han sido implementadas para tratar de optimizar el manejo del dolor. Si bien en la primera, la evidencia es favorable a su empleo, aún no existe un total consenso en esto. A su vez, la analgesia multimodal, al emplear diferentes fármacos y/o técnicas, ha logrado evidenciar de mejor manera su utilidad y los beneficios al implementarla como terapia. En este artículo, revisamos la evidencia que certifica y avala el uso de éstas. Finalmente, a nuestro parecer, lo más importante en el quehacer del clínico, es lograr individualizar la estrategia que usaremos en el manejo del dolor postoperatorio, adaptándonos a las necesidades y el contexto propio de cada uno de nuestros pacientes.

A poor quality of acute postoperative pain management generates an increase in perioperative morbidity, decreases the quality of life of the patient, increases hospital readmissions and finally, increases health costs. Preventive and multimodal analgesia are two strategies that are implemented to try to optimize pain management. Although in the first, the evidence is favorable to its use, there is still no total consensus. At the same time, multimodal analgesia, by using different drugs and/or techniques, has demonstrated, in a better way, its usefulness and benefits when implemented as a therapy. In this article, we review the evidence that certifies and supports the use of these techniques. Finally, in our opinion, the most important thing in the clinician's task is to be able to individualize the strategy that we will use in postoperative pain management, adapting to the needs and context of each one of our patients.

Prácticas de salud bucal durante los primeros 1000 días de vida: Revisión de la literatura

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre las buenas prácticas en salud bucal, durante los primeros 1000 días de vida, el cual abarcó el periodo de gestación y los dos primeros años del niño. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica desde febrero a marzo de 2022, para lo cual se utilizó las bases de datos Pubmed y Scopus. Los criterios de inclusión abarcaron artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas (con o sin metanálisis) publicados entre 2016 y 2022. Se emplearon estrategias de búsqueda usando palabras clave, en inglés, derivadas del MeSH. Además, se revisó la literatura gris para definir algunos conceptos clave. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 72 artículos científicos y cuatro referencias de la literatura gris (una guía de práctica clínica y tres reportes). Los temas identificados se categorizaron en: buenas prácticas de higiene bucal, buenas prácticas de alimentación de la gestante y el infante, hábitos parafuncionales, y visitas al odontólogo. De acuerdo a los resultados, las recomendaciones clave para promover buenas prácticas de salud bucal durante este periodo crucial incluyen el uso de pasta dentífrica con flúor para la higiene dental una vez que erupcionan los dientes, evitar el consumo de azúcar libre, fomentar la lactancia materna en vez del uso del biberón y las visitas al odontólogo desde antes del nacimiento. Conclusión: Las buenas prácticas en salud bucal durante los primeros 1000 días de vida influyen significativamente en la salud oral y general del niño, por lo que es necesario adoptar medidas preventivas desde la gestación, enfocadas en la higiene oral y nutrición. La colaboración de un equipo de salud multidisciplinario, durante el embarazo y los dos primeros años de vida, es vital para mejorar la salud bucodental y general de la población.

Objective: To conduct a bibliographic literature review on current good practices in oral health during the first 1000 days of life, encompassing the gestation period and the initial two years of the child. Materials and methods:A scientific literature review was conducted in February and March 2022, utilizing the Pubmed and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria encompassed original articles and systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) published between 2016 and 2022. Search strategies incorporating English keywords derived from MeSH were employed. Additionally, the grey literature was reviewed to define some key concepts. Results:72 scientific articles, and four references from the grey literature (one clinical practice guide and three reports) were selected. The identified themes were categorized as follows: good oral hygiene practices, good feeding practices for pregnant women and infants, parafunctional habits, and dental visits. Based on the findings, the key recommendations for promoting good oral health practices during this crucial period include the use of fluoride toothpaste for oral hygiene once teeth erupt, avoidance of free sugar consumption, encouragement of breastfeeding over bottle-feeding, and early dental visits before birth. Conclusion:Good oral health practices during the first 1000 days of life significantly impact the child's oral and general health, necessitating preventive measures starting from gestation, with a focus on oral hygiene and nutrition. The collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary healthcare team during pregnancy and the initial two years of life are vital for enhancing both oral and general health outcomes for the population.

Psycho-Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among University Students

Background: Students play a significant role in delivering effective messages for better uptake of health pro-moting behaviour. Understanding factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among students will help develop promising strategies in vaccine promotion of the pandemic. The present investigation was undertaken to look into psycho-social drivers of COVID-19 uptake among Indian students.Method: 587 students, aged 18-35 years participated in an online survey. Standardized measures targeting socio-demographic details, health anxiety, preventive health behaviour and constructs of health belief model were used for the present study. Results: The results showed that overall vaccine uptake among students was quite high with nearly 74% of the students reported being vaccinated against COVID-19. Factors like COVID-19 contact, level of education, belief in safety and efficacy of vaccine, social distancing, age, health worry and preoccupation were emerged as the significant drivers of COVID-19 vaccination behaviour increase the probability of vaccine uptake among students. Moreover, factors like Interference with life, Reassurance Seeking, irrational belief about preventive health measures and perceived barriers about vaccination had significant negative link with vaccination de-creasing the likelihood of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: Psychological and socio-demographic factors play vital role in the success of public health strate-gies of COVID-19 vaccine promotion in managing the pandemic.

Influenza aviar H5N1. ¿Debemos preocuparnos?

Desde la segunda mitad de 2022 se ha reportado un aumento de casos de influenza en aves migratorias en Latinoamérica. Los virus influenza A y B son los principales agentes asociados a influenza estacional epidémica en humanos. Los virus influenza A circulan no solo en humanos sino también en animales, incluyendo aves migratorias. El intercambio de segmentos de ARN genómico entre dos virus del mismo tipo aumenta la diversidad de los subtipos circulantes e incluso puede facilitar la generación de progenie viral potencialmente pandémica. La naturaleza zoonótica del virus influenza A puede generar infecciones en humanos con virus de origen animal. El virus influenza A de origen aviar ha ocasionado transmisiones en humanos, incluyendo casos graves y muertes, siendo la influenza A H5N1 la más destacada. Es importante tomar medidas de prevención y control en caso de aumento de casos de influenza en aves migratorias para prevenir posibles pandemias en Chile y el mundo.

Since the second half of 2022, an increase in influenza cases in migratory birds has been reported in Latin America. Influenza A and B viruses are the main agents associated with seasonal epidemic influenza in humans. Influenza A viruses circulate not only in humans but also in animals, including migratory birds. The exchange of genomic RNA segments among two viruses increases the diversity of circulating subtypes and may even facilitate the generation of potentially pandemic viral progeny. The zoonotic nature of influenza A virus can generate infections in humans with animal-origin viruses. Avian-origin influenza A virus has caused transmissions in humans, including severe cases and deaths, with influenza A H5N1 being the most prominent. It is important to take preventive and control measures in case of an increase in influenza cases in migratory birds to prevent possible pandemics in Chile and the world.

Preventive program based on multiple intelligences to promote oral health in disabled children from Chiclayo, Peru / Programa preventivo basado en inteligencias múltiples para promover la salud bucal en niños discapacitados de Chiclayo, Perú

Introduction: Children with physical disabilities often present deficient oral hygiene and eating habits that threaten optimal oral health. Objective: To evaluate the result of a preventive program based on multiple intelligences to pro-mote oral health care in children with physical disabilities in Chiclayo - Peru. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental, quan-titative, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out from the year 2020, to test a preventive intervention based on multiple intelligences (MI), comparing it with an intervention with traditional methodology, whose purpose was in both cases promote preventive oral health care in 167 boys and girls with physical disabilities from four Special Basic Education Centers (CEBES) in Chiclayo. For the pre- and post-test evaluation using a dental record of oral hygiene practices, oral hygiene index and dietary exposure to sugary carbohydrates, the Mann Whitney U test was required, with a confidence level of 95%. Results: After not very encouraging findings in the pretest for both groups, significant changes were observed in the posttest in favor of the IM-based program, for which 58% of schoolchildren registered an adequate oral hygiene index, 69.2% brushed twice to three times a day and that only 35.8% present regular exposure to carbohydrates. Statistical significance was evidenced in favor of the MI-based intervention for the three indicated variables (p= 0.000). Conclusions: The application of the IM-based program achieved better results in the significant promotion of oral hygiene practices with a favorable record of the IHO and by reducing the exposure to carbohydrates in a vulnerable population.Keywords: Health promotion; Oral health; Preventive dentistry; Health education; Children with disabilities.

Prevenção do câncer de colo uterino em homens transgênero: desafios e novas perspectivas de rastreio / Prevention of cervical cancer in transgender men: challenges and new screening perspectives

O homem transgênero apresenta alta susceptibilidade às neoplasias de colo uterino devido à escassez de exames preventivos. O estudo objetiva levantar informações acerca dos desafios e estratégias para a promoção do rastreio e prevenção do câncer cervical em homens transgênero. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, desenvolvida em seis etapas a partir da pergunta norteadora: "Quais os desafios e estratégias atuais para a promoção do rastreio efetivo e prevenção de câncer de colo uterino em homens transgênero?". Utilizaram-se descritores combinados com operador booleano "cervical cancer" AND "transgender persons", e foram incluídos artigos completos de 2018 a 2022. Verificou-se que os desafios enfrentados incluem preconceito, despreparo profissional e susceptibilidade à disforia de gênero. Estudos mostraram benefícios relacionados ao uso de swabs vaginais autocolhidos para reduzir o impacto psicológico do exame Papanicolaou, com vistas a reduzir os desafios enfrentados por essa população, e a necessidade de implementar estratégias que aumentem a adesão aos serviços de saúde.

Transgender men are highly susceptible to cervical cancer due to the lack of preventive screening exams. This study aims to gather information about the challenges and strategies for promoting cervical cancer screening and prevention in transgender men. This is an integrative review, developed in six stages, based on the guiding question: "What are the current challenges and strategies for promoting effective screening and prevention of cervical cancer in transgender men?". Descriptors combined with Boolean operator "cervical cancer" AND "transgender persons" were used and full articles from 2018 to 2022 were included. It was found that the challenges faced include prejudice, professional unpreparedness and susceptibility to gender dysphoria. Studies have shown benefits related to the use of self-collected vaginal swabs to reduce the psychological impact of the Pap smear exam, aiming to reduce the challenges faced by this population and to implement strategies to increase adherence to health services.

Efecto del tratamiento de la morfología oclusal con materiales para restauraciones preventivas / Effect of treating occlusal morphology with materials for preventive restorations

Introducción: las fosas y fisuras son áreas formadas por delgadas irregularidades de la capa del esmalte de la superficie oclusal. La compleja morfología en dientes posteriores es un determinante biológico asociado al desarrollo de caries. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de diversas formas de tratar la morfología oclusal en la adaptación y penetración de materiales utilizados en restauraciones preventivas. Material y métodos: diseño experimental e in vitro. Sesenta terceros molares fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: surco sin ameloplastia y con ameloplastia; además, contaban con acondicionamiento del esmalte que se subdividió en tres subgrupos: 1) sellador de fosas y fisuras, 2) adhesivo/sellador de fosas y fisuras y 3) adhesivo/ resina Flow. Resultados: los subgrupos adhesivo/sellador y adhesivo/ Flow alcanzaron mayores valores de adaptación íntima a las paredes del surco. Las diferencias fueron significativas entre los materiales (p = 0.0009). Las mayores zonas de desadaptación resultaron para el sellador sin y con ameloplastia. La penetración de los materiales fue mayor en los surcos con ameloplastia. En los surcos tratados con ameloplastia, el adhesivo/Flow reveló el mayor porcentaje de penetración y la mejor adaptación a las paredes del surco. Conclusiones: la penetración del material está positivamente correlacionada con la profundidad del surco. El sellador con y sin ameloplastia mostró pobre adaptación a las paredes del surco (AU)

Introduction: pits and fissures are areas formed by fine irregularities in the enamel layer of the occlusal surface. The complex morphology in posterior teeth are biological determinants associated with the development of caries. Objective: to evaluate the effect of various ways of treating occlusal morphology on the adaptation and penetration of materials used in preventive restorations. Material and methods: experimental design, in vitro. Sixty third molars were randomly distributed into two groups: groove without ameloplasty and with ameloplasty, with enamel conditioning with three subgroups: 1) pit and fissure sealer, 2) adhesive/pit and fissure sealer, 3) adhesive/resin flow. Results: the adhesive/sealant and adhesive/flow subgroups reached higher values of intimate adaptation to the furrow walls. The differences were significant between the materials (p = 0.0009). The largest areas of maladjustment were found for the sealant without and with ameloplasty. The penetration of the materials was greater in the grooves with ameloplasty. In the grooves treated with ameloplasty, the adhesive/flow revealed the highest percentage of penetration and the best adaptation to the walls of the groove. Conclusions: the penetration of the material is positively correlated with the depth of the furrow. The sealant with and without ameloplasty showed poor adaptation to the sulcus walls (AU)

Importance and Utility of the Principle of Ayurveda for Community Health

A nation is built by its citizens and these citizens with their good health, hard work determines the future of a nation. To ensure a bright and prosperous future we need to focus on the health of a community. Community health is defined as simple services that are delivered by common men outside hospitals and clinics. Community health services can be classified into Preventive Health Services, Promotive Health Services, Curative Health Services, and Rehabilitative Health Services. Preventive health services include measures by which we can avoid the disease before its occurrence Dincharya, Ritucharya, Sadvrit, Tryoupstham, and Vegdharan can be included in this category. Similarly, promotive heath care services include Rasayan, Vaajikaran, Ashtaaharvidhi vishesh ayatan, Sadvrit, Tryoupstham. Curative health services include single-drug therapy for the different diseases called Ekal dravya and treatment of Kaas, Swash, Atisaar, Amlapita which are very common. Rehabilitative health services such as physical therapy, counseling, and other mental health services can be provided by Ashwashan chikitsa, Medhya rasaayan, Yoga, Pathya palan, Padansikkarm palan.

Monkeypox, a global health concern: A study on awareness and adherence to preventive measures among medical students in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata

Background: The re-emerging Monkeypox disease is spreading worldwide, thus if prevention measures are not followed or awareness is not raised, chaos could result. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the awareness and preventive measures of Monkeypox among medical students in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 weeks, among final year MBBS students of Medical College Kolkata. Convenience sampling was done. Minimum sample size calculated was 110. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured, and self-administered questionnaire which was face and content validated by experts used as the study tool in this study. Questionnaire was answered while keeping their identities confidential. Data were collected and entered in a coded manner in MS Excel. Using SPSS version 25, tabulation, the necessary tables, and diagrams were created. The Institutional Ethics Committee of the Medical College in Kolkata was consulted for ethical approval. Results: The students lacked sufficient information. Majority of them responded well when asked about the disease’s cause, incubation period, natural host signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, preventive measures, and treatment, but it was clear that they were unsure about identification of a suspected, probable, or confirmed case and definitive diagnosis. Conclusion: The present study reported that the students had limited knowledge about Monkeypox disease.

Problems and strategies for the prevention of ankle injuries in soccer / Problemas e estratégias para a prevenção de lesões do tornozelo no futebol / Problemas y estrategias para la prevención de lesiones de tobillo en el fútbol

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most significant reasons for the frequent ankle injuries in soccer players are the great rivalry and the multiple efforts required by the sport. Objective: Explore the actual scenario of sports injuries in the ankle joint in soccer players, raising adequate prevention strategies. Methods: 22 professional soccer players were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A controlled experiment lastingsix6 weeks was developed. The experimental group added complementary ankle training in the daily training, while the control group had no changes, according to the usual training plan. Rear (PL) and frontal (AT) balance indexes, functional movement assessment (FMS,) and ankle injury cause (CAI) were collected, analyzed, and compared before and after the intervention. Results: After training, the experimental group's PL score increased from 106.81±5.33 to 117.69±6.44; AT score increased from 61.94±6.17 to 70.36±5.37; CAI score increased from 22.33±3.58 to 25.38±3.18. Total FMS test score increased from 15.36±1.38 to 18.84±1.99, with trunk flexions standing out (from 2.10±0.43 to 2.57±0.37). On the other hand, the changes in the control group were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The presented complementary ankle training effectively prevented injuries in soccer players and can be applied to reduce sports complications in players in training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: As razões mais significativas para as frequentes lesões no tornozelo em jogadores de futebol são a grande rivalidade e os múltiplos esforços requisitados pelo esporte. Objetivo: Explorar o quadro atual das lesões esportivas na articulação do tornozelo em jogadores de futebol, levantando estratégias de prevenção adequadas. Métodos: Um total de 22 jogadores profissionais de futebol foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e de controle. Um experimento controlado com duração de 6 semanas foi desenvolvido. No treinamento diário, o grupo experimental acrescentou um treinamento complementar do tornozelo, enquanto o grupo de controle não teve alterações, de acordo com o plano de treinamento habitual. Foram coletados, analisados e comparados os índices de equilíbrio traseiro (PL) e frontal (AT), a avaliação funcional do movimento (FMS) e a causa das lesões no tornozelo (CAI) antes e após a intervenção. Resultados: Após o treinamento, a pontuação PL do grupo experimental aumentou de 106,81±5.33 para 117,69±6.44; a pontuação AT aumentou de 61.94±6.17 para 70,36±5,37; a pontuação CAI aumentou de 22,33±3,58 para 25,38±3,18. A pontuação total do teste FMS aumentou de 15,36±1,38 para 18,84±1,99, destacando-se as flexões do tronco (de 2,10±0,43 para 2,57±0,37). Por outro lado, as alterações do grupo controle não foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: O treinamento complementar para o tornozelo apresentado mostrou-se eficaz na prevenção de lesões em jogadores de futebol e pode ser aplicado para reduzir as complicações esportivas dos jogadores em treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las razones más significativas de las frecuentes lesiones de tobillo en futbolistas son la gran rivalidad y los múltiples esfuerzos que requiere este deporte. Objetivo: Explorar el panorama actual de las lesiones deportivas en la articulación del tobillo en futbolistas, planteando estrategias de prevención adecuadas. Métodos: Un total de 22 futbolistas profesionales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupos experimental y control. Se desarrolló un experimento controlado de 6 semanas de duración. En el entrenamiento diario, el grupo experimental añadió un entrenamiento complementario del tobillo, mientras que el grupo control no tuvo cambios, según el plan de entrenamiento habitual. Se recogieron, analizaron y compararon los índices de equilibrio posterior (PL) y frontal (AT), la valoración del movimiento funcional (FMS) y la causa de lesión de tobillo (CAI) antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Tras el entrenamiento, la puntuación PL del grupo experimental aumentó de 106,81±5,33 a 117,69±6,44; la puntuación AT aumentó de 61,94±6,17 a 70,36±5,37; la puntuación CAI aumentó de 22,33±3,58 a 25,38±3,18. La puntuación total del test FMS aumentó de 15,36±1,38 a 18,84±1,99, destacando las flexiones de tronco (de 2,10±0,43 a 2,57±0,37). Por otro lado, los cambios del grupo de control no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento complementario de tobillo presentado demostró ser eficaz en la prevención de lesiones en futbolistas y puede aplicarse para reducir las complicaciones deportivas en jugadores en formación. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Medidas de prevenção da progressão da disfagia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise / Preventive measures for the progression of dysphagia in patients with cancer of head and neck subjected to radiotherapy: a systematic review with meta-analysis

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os efeitos de medidas profiláticas, não farmacológicas, sobre a progressão da disfagia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia. Estratégia de pesquisa A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed), Scopus e Embase, assim como na literatura cinzenta. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, com pacientes adultos (≥ 18 anos) e diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioterapia (associada ou não à cirurgia e quimioterapia) submetidos a protocolos não farmacológicos de prevenção da disfagia. Análise dos dados O risco de viés foi avaliado por meio da escala PEDRO e a qualidade global da evidência foi avaliada de acordo com o instrumento GRADE. Resultados Foram considerados elegíveis 4 estudos, e desses, dois foram incluídos na metanálise. O resultado favoreceu o grupo intervenção, com diferença média de 1,27 [IC 95%: 0,74 à 1,80]. Houve baixa heterogeneidade e a pontuação média para risco de viés foi de 7,5 de um total de 11 pontos. A falta de detalhamento nos cuidados com os vieses de seleção, performance, detecção, atrito e de relato contribuíram para o julgamento da qualidade da evidência, considerada baixa. Conclusão Medidas profiláticas de contenção da disfagia podem promover importantes benefícios sobre a ingesta oral dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, quando comparados aqueles que não realizaram tal medida terapêutica ao longo da radioterapia.

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the effects of prophylactic, non-pharmacological measures on the progression of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Research strategies The search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as in the gray literature. Selection criteria Randomized clinical trials were included, with adult patients (≥ 18 years old) and diagnosed with head and neck cancer, treated with radiotherapy (with or without surgery and chemotherapy), and submitted to non-pharmacological protocols for the prevention of dysphagia. Data analysis The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDRO scale and the overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE instrument. Results Four studies were considered eligible, and of these, two were included in the meta-analysis. The result favored the intervention group, with a mean difference of 1.27 [95% CI: 0.74 to 1.80]. There was low heterogeneity and the mean score for risk of bias was 7.5 out of 11 points. The lack of detail in the care with selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases contributed to the judgment of the quality of the evidence, considered low. Conclusion Prophylactic measures to contain dysphagia can promote important benefits on the oral intake of patients with head and neck cancer when compared to those who did not undergo such a therapeutic measure during radiotherapy.

Common sports injuries and prevention in table tennis players / Lesões esportivas comuns e prevenção em praticantes de tênis de mesa / Lesiones deportivas comunes y prevención en practicantes de tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction: Table tennis requires rapid mobility and a complex set of movement structures, often resulting in sports injuries in its players during training. These unforeseen events can negatively affect sports instruction and training. Objective: Analyze the common sports injuries of Chinese male table tennis players and present corresponding preventive measures. Methods: 50 Chinese male table tennis players had their injury causes explored. The causes of these injuries and prevention methods were investigated using up-to-date scientific literature, questionnaires, interviews, and statistics. Results: The main regions were the shoulder joint, wrist joint, knee joint, ankle joint, and wrist joint. Exercise fatigue and lack of muscle strength are important factors leading to injuries in table tennis. Conclusion: Table tennis players should properly organize body movements to improve preparation and finishing work before training. The coach should formulate different physical training plans according to the different technical playing styles of the athletes involved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis de mesa exige rápida mobilidade, e um conjunto complexo de estruturas de movimento resultando frequentemente em lesões esportivas nos seus jogadores durante o treinamento. Esses imprevistos podem afetar negativamente o ensino e o treinamento esportivo. Objetivo: Analisar as lesões esportivas comuns aos jogadores de tênis de mesa chineses do sexo masculino e apresentar as medidas preventivas correspondentes. Métodos: 50 jogadores de tênis de mesa chineses do sexo masculino tiveram suas causas lesionais exploradas. As causas dessas lesões e métodos de prevenção foram investigados utilizando a literatura científica atualizada, questionários, entrevistas e estatísticas. Resultados: As principais regiões foram a articulação do ombro, articulação do pulso, articulação do joelho, articulação do tornozelo e articulação do pulso. A fadiga no exercício e a falta de força muscular são fatores importantes que levam a lesões no tênis de mesa. Conclusão: Os jogadores de tênis de mesa devem organizar adequadamente o movimento corporal para melhorar o trabalho de preparação e finalização antes do treinamento. O treinador deve formular diferentes planos de treinamento físico de acordo com os diferentes estilos técnicos de jogo dos atletas envolvidos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis de mesa requiere una rápida movilidad, y un complejo conjunto de estructuras de movimiento que a menudo dan lugar a lesiones deportivas en sus jugadores durante el entrenamiento. Estos imprevistos pueden afectar negativamente a la enseñanza y al entrenamiento deportivo. Objetivo: Analizar las lesiones deportivas comunes de los jugadores de tenis de mesa chinos y presentar las medidas preventivas correspondientes. Métodos: Se estudiaron las causas de las lesiones de 50 jugadores de tenis de mesa chinos. Las causas de estas lesiones y los métodos de prevención se investigaron utilizando literatura científica actualizada, cuestionarios, entrevistas y estadísticas. Resultados: Las principales regiones fueron la articulación del hombro, la articulación de la muñeca, la articulación de la rodilla, la articulación del tobillo y la articulación de la muñeca. La fatiga del ejercicio y la falta de fuerza muscular son factores importantes que conducen a las lesiones en el tenis de mesa. Conclusión: Los jugadores de tenis de mesa deben organizar adecuadamente el movimiento del cuerpo para mejorar la preparación y el trabajo de acabado antes del entrenamiento. El entrenador debe formular diferentes planes de entrenamiento físico en función de los diferentes estilos técnicos de juego de los deportistas implicados. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Exercise prescription for injury reduction in ballroom dancing / Prescrição de exercícios para redução de lesões na dança de salão / Prescripción de ejercicios para reducir las lesiones en los bailes de salón

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ballroom dancing is a high-intensity sport. Exaggerated training plans and an overtraining range can easily cause sports injuries. Athletes should take the necessary protective measures when training or competing, including exercises with preventative intent. Objective: This research paper thoroughly investigates the current status of ballroom dance injuries in colleges and universities. Methods: This research selects 28 students who majored in ballroom dancing as experimental subjects. The volunteers were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group received an exercise prescription for 12 weeks of exercise. The control group did not do any exercise for 12 weeks. Injury statistics were performed after a 12-week comparative trial. The effect of exercise prescription on injury reduction in ballroom dancing was discussed. Results: The incidence of sports injuries in the experimental group decreased significantly after 12 weeks (P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the incidence of muscle, ligament and joint injuries in the experimental group was significantly lower (P<0.01). The waist and ankle injuries incidence in the experimental group was lower than in the control group, and the data had significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusion: Dance athletes who choose the appropriate exercise prescription can effectively reduce the likelihood of injuries during training. Training can effectively improve performance in athletic competitions. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A dança de salão é um esporte de alta intensidade. Planos de treinamento exagerados e um leque de treinamento excessivo podem facilmente causar lesões esportivas. Os atletas devem tomar as medidas de proteção necessárias ao treinar ou competir, incluindo exercícios com intuito preventivo. Objetivo: Este artigo investiga minuciosamente a situação atual das lesões na dança de salão nas faculdades e universidades. Métodos: Esta pesquisa seleciona 28 estudantes que se especializaram em dança de salão como disciplinas experimentais. Os voluntários foram divididos em um grupo de controle e um grupo experimental. O grupo experimental recebeu uma prescrição de exercício durante 12 semanas de exercício físico. O grupo de controle não fez nenhum exercício durante 12 semanas. As estatísticas de lesões foram realizadas após um ensaio comparativo de 12 semanas. Foi discutido o efeito da prescrição de exercícios sobre a redução de lesões na dança de salão. Resultados: A incidência de lesões esportivas no grupo experimental diminuiu significativamente após 12 semanas (P<0,01). Em comparação com o grupo controle, a incidência de lesões nos músculos, ligamentos e articulações no grupo experimental foi significativamente menor (P<0,01). A incidência de lesões na cintura e tornozelo no grupo experimental foi menor do que no grupo controle, e os dados tiveram diferenças significativas (P<0,01). Conclusão: Os atletas de dança que escolhem a prescrição apropriada para o exercício podem efetivamente reduzir a probabilidade de lesões durante o treinamento. O treinamento pode efetivamente melhorar o desempenho em competições esportivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El baile de salón es un deporte de alta intensidad. Los planes de entrenamiento exagerados y el sobreentrenamiento pueden provocar fácilmente lesiones deportivas. Los deportistas deben tomar las medidas de protección necesarias cuando entrenen o compitan, incluyendo ejercicios con intención preventiva. Objetivo: Este documento investiga a fondo la situación actual de las lesiones en los bailes de salón en los colegios y universidades. Métodos: Esta investigación selecciona como sujetos experimentales a 28 estudiantes que se especializan en bailes de salón. Los voluntarios se dividieron en un grupo de control y un grupo experimental. El grupo experimental recibió una prescripción de ejercicio durante 12 semanas. El grupo de control no hizo ningún ejercicio durante 12 semanas. Las estadísticas de lesiones se realizaron tras un ensayo comparativo de 12 semanas. Se analizó el efecto de la prescripción de ejercicios en la reducción de lesiones en los bailes de salón. Resultados: La incidencia de lesiones deportivas en el grupo experimental disminuyó significativamente después de 12 semanas (P<0,01). En comparación con el grupo de control, la incidencia de lesiones musculares, ligamentosas y articulares en el grupo experimental fue significativamente menor (P<0,01). La incidencia de las lesiones de cintura y tobillo en el grupo experimental fue menor que en el grupo de control, y los datos presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0,01). Conclusión: Los atletas de danza que eligen la prescripción de ejercicios adecuada pueden reducir eficazmente la probabilidad de lesiones durante el entrenamiento. El entrenamiento puede mejorar eficazmente el rendimiento en las competiciones deportivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Aerobic exercise effects on the health management of elderly patients with chronic diseases / Efeito do exercício aeróbico na gestão da saúde de pacientes idosos com doenças crônicas / Efecto del ejercicio aeróbico en la gestión de la salud de pacientes ancianos con enfermedades crónicas

ABSTRACT Introduction The acceleration of the aging process causes the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases to increase every year, causing hypertension, diabetes, cerebral infarction, and chronic respiratory diseases. This situation considerably threatens the health of the elderly, affecting their quality of life. Objective Improve the health awareness of the elderly as well as modify unhealthy lifestyles. Methods Changes in blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids, uric acid, blood oxygen saturation, body mass index (BMI) and other indicators in elderly patients with chronic diseases before and after aerobic exercise were compared and analyzed. Symptoms and common self-management efficacy scores in elderly patients with chronic diseases were compared and analyzed before and after aerobic exercise. Results The detection rate of liver steatosis, overweight and obesity significantly decreased after aerobic exercise. Symptom scores and common self-management efficacy were significantly higher than those collected before the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion The actual measured and predicted theoretical value of vital capacity, and other vital indicators were significantly improved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A aceleração do processo de envelhecimento faz com que o número de pacientes idosos com doenças crônicas, aumente todos os anos, provocando hipertensão, diabetes, infarto cerebral e doenças respiratórias crônicas. Esta situação ameaça consideravelmente a saúde do idoso afetando sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo Melhorar a conscientização sobre a saúde do idoso bem como modificar o estilo de vida pouco saudável. Métodos foram comparadas e analisadas as alterações da glicemia, pressão arterial, lipídios sanguíneos, ácido úrico, saturação de oxigênio no sangue, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e outros indicadores em pacientes idosos com doenças crônicas antes e depois do exercício aeróbico. Foram comparados e analisados os sintomas e escores comuns de eficácia de autogestão em pacientes idosos com doenças crônicas antes e depois do exercício aeróbico. Resultados A taxa de detecção de esteatose hepática, excesso de peso e obesidade diminuiu significativamente depois do exercício aeróbico. Os escores de sintomas e a eficácia comum de autogestão foram significativamente superiores aos coletados antes da intervenção (p<0,05). Conclusão O valor real medido e teórico previsto da capacidade vital, e outros indicadores vitais foram aprimorados significativamente. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La aceleración del proceso de envejecimiento hace que el número de pacientes ancianos con enfermedades crónicas aumente cada año, provocando hipertensión, diabetes, infarto cerebral y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. Esta situación amenaza considerablemente la salud de las personas mayores, afectando a su calidad de vida. Objetivo mejorar la concienciación sobre la salud de las personas mayores, así como modificar los estilos de vida poco saludables. Métodos se compararon y analizaron los cambios en la glucemia, la presión arterial, los lípidos sanguíneos, el ácido úrico, la saturación de oxígeno en sangre, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y otros indicadores en pacientes ancianos con enfermedades crónicas antes y después del ejercicio aeróbico. Se compararon y analizaron los síntomas y las puntuaciones comunes de eficacia de autogestión en pacientes ancianos con enfermedades crónicas antes y después del ejercicio aeróbico. Resultados La tasa de detección de esteatosis hepática, sobrepeso y obesidad disminuyó significativamente tras el ejercicio aeróbico. Las puntuaciones de los síntomas y la eficacia común de autocontrol fueron significativamente superiores a las recogidas antes de la intervención (p<0,05). Conclusión El valor real medido y el valor teórico previsto de la capacidad vital, así como otros indicadores vitales, mejoraron significativamente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Research on sports injury prevention and regional sports fitness / Pesquisa sobre prevenção de lesões esportivas e aptidão esportiva regional / Investigación sobre la prevención de lesiones deportivas y aptitud deportiva regional

ABSTRACT Introduction Many athletes suffer sports injuries during exercise and are susceptible to sequelae due to a variety of post-injury complications that occur in the process of sports activities. Preventing these injuries in physical training, impacts positively on the athletes' physique. Objective Study the sports habit and regional physical fitness, exploring the prevention strategies in the main sports injuries. Methods This paper elaborates targeted questionnaires (n=568) including proportion of gender, fitness, exercise frequency, duration and intensity of current regional fitness, as well as athletes' motivations in a Chinese city. Results Current urban residents' enthusiasm for fitness is high, however due to lack of conditions, athletes tend to choose some sports with lower complexity (circuits, 65.06%; running, 48.84%; walking, 40.46%). Most of the injuries caused by these types of sports are skin abrasions. The severity of these injuries is not high. Conclusion Providing effective exercise guidance to its practitioners can improve their sports cognition, build a foundation for the professional sports system, and provide relevant knowledge about emergency treatments. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução Muitos atletas sofrem lesões esportivas durante o exercício e estão propensos a sequelas por uma variedade de complicações do pós-acidente que ocorre no processo das atividades esportivas. Prevenir essas lesões no treinamento físico, impacta positivamente no físico dos atletas. Objetivo Estudar o hábito esportivo e a aptidão física regional, explorando as estratégias de prevenção nas principais lesões desportivas. Métodos Este artigo elabora questionários direcionados (n=568) incluindo proporção de gênero, aptidão, frequência, duração e intensidade do exercício da aptidão regional atual, bem como as motivações dos atletas em uma cidade chinesa. Resultados O entusiasmo dos atuais moradores urbanos pela aptidão física é alto, porém devido à falta de condições, os atletas tendem a optar por alguns esportes com menor complexidade (circuitos, 65,06%; corrida, 48,84%; caminhada, 40,46%). A maioria das lesões causadas por esse tipo de esportes são abrasões de pele. A gravidade dessas lesões não é alta. Conclusão Fornecer a orientação efetiva dos exercícios para seus praticantes pode melhorar sua cognição esportiva, construir uma base para o sistema esportivo profissional e proporcionar conhecimentos relevantes sobre os tratamentos emergenciais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Muchos atletas sufren lesiones deportivas durante el ejercicio y son propensos a sufrir secuelas debido a una variedad de complicaciones posteriores a la lesión que se producen en el proceso de las actividades deportivas. Prevenir estas lesiones en el entrenamiento físico, repercute positivamente en el físico de los deportistas. Objetivo Estudiar el hábito deportivo y la aptitud física regional, explorando las estrategias de prevención en las principales lesiones deportivas. Métodos Este trabajo elabora cuestionarios específicos (n=568) que incluyen la proporción de género, la condición física, la frecuencia de ejercicio, la duración y la intensidad de la condición física regional actual, así como las motivaciones de los deportistas en una ciudad china. Resultados El entusiasmo de los residentes urbanos actuales por la aptitud física es alto, sin embargo, debido a la falta de condiciones, los atletas tienden a elegir algunos deportes de menor complejidad (circuitos, 65,06%; correr, 48,84%; caminar, 40,46%). La mayoría de las lesiones causadas por este tipo de deportes son abrasiones de la piel. La gravedad de estas lesiones no es elevada. Conclusión Proporcionar una orientación eficaz sobre el ejercicio a sus practicantes puede mejorar su cognición deportiva, construir una base para el sistema deportivo profesional y proporcionar conocimientos relevantes sobre los tratamientos de emergencia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Analysis of the effect of high intensity intermittent training for young athletes / Análise do efeito do treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade para jovens atletas / Análisis del efecto del entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad en atletas jóvenes

ABSTRACT Introduction The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have pointed out that currently, the basic indicators of young students' physical health have completely declined. This circumstance has made adolescent physical health and improving the quality of young athletes a key issue in physical education targeting adolescents. Objective Investigate the effect of high-intensity intermittent training on young athletes. Methods 24 adolescents performed 10 intermittent high-intensity training for one month, and all athletes' pre and post-training indexes were collected and compared. Results The physical examination results of male and female athletes improved to some extent (athletes' blood pressure fluctuated during the 10 training sessions, increasing slightly, and heart rate variability increased considerably (P < 0.05). Conclusion High-intensity intermittent training has a good effect on health promotion in young athletes, and can effectively improve their physical function and competitive performance. Physical education teachers and student-athletes should conduct relevant training. In addition, this training method also fits the current learning life situation of high school students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução O Comitê Central do CPC e o Conselho de Estado destacaram que, atualmente, os indicadores básicos da saúde física dos jovens estudantes têm diminuído de forma completa. Essa circunstância tornou a saúde física dos adolescentes e a melhoria da qualidade dos jovens atletas um ponto-chave na educação física direcionada aos adolescentes. Objetivo Investigar o efeito do treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade em jovens atletas. Métodos 24 adolescentes realizaram 10 treinos intermitentes de alta intensidade, com duração de um mês, todos os índices pré e pós-treino dos atletas foram coletados e comparados. Resultados Os resultados do exame físico de atletas do sexo masculino e feminino melhoraram em certa medida (a pressão arterial dos atletas flutuou durante as 10 sessões de treinamento, aumentando ligeiramente, e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca aumentou consideravelmente (P < 0,05). Conclusão O treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade tem um bom efeito na promoção da saúde nos jovens atletas, podendo melhorar efetivamente sua função física e desempenho competitivo. Professores de educação física e atletas estudantes devem realizar treinamentos relevantes. Além disso, esse método de treinamento também se encaixa na situação atual da vida de aprendizagem dos alunos do ensino médio. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El Comité Central del CPC y el Consejo de Estado han puesto de relieve que en la actualidad los indicadores básicos de salud física de los jóvenes estudiantes han disminuido completamente. Esta circunstancia hizo que la salud física de los adolescentes y la mejora de la calidad de los jóvenes deportistas fuera un punto clave en la educación física dirigida a los adolescentes. Objetivo Investigar el efecto del entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad en atletas jóvenes. Métodos 24 adolescentes realizaron 10 sesiones de entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad de un mes de duración, se recogieron y compararon los índices de todos los atletas antes y después del entrenamiento. Resultados Los resultados de la exploración física de los atletas masculinos y femeninos mejoraron en cierta medida (la presión arterial de los atletas fluctuó durante las 10 sesiones de entrenamiento, aumentando ligeramente, y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca aumentó considerablemente (P < 0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad tiene un buen efecto en la promoción de la salud en los atletas jóvenes, y puede mejorar eficazmente su función física y su rendimiento competitivo. Los profesores de educación física y los alumnos deportistas deben realizar la formación pertinente. Además, este método de formación también se ajusta a la situación actual de la vida de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de secundaria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.