Conciencia psico-pedagógica comunicativa en la prevención del consumo de psicotrópicos y de las violencias / More awareness psycho-pedagogical for the prevention of psychotropic consumption and violence's

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa hermenéutica cuyo objetivo fue explorar la relación del consumo de psicotrópicos y las variables psicosociales entre 1998-2019 en campus universitarios en una ciudad colombiana, un problema crítico exponencial global de salud pública que poco se afronta desde la prevención real de los factores de riesgo. Se encontró que prevalece el diagnóstico y no se evidencia una intervención preventiva que ayude a la evolución de las causas que inducen a la decisión de consumir o no. El análisis sugiere que: 1) persiste el desafío de ir más allá de las acciones punitivas o permisibles; 2) se requiere incrementar la intervención psicoeducativa que concientice al adicto sobre los riesgos del consumo de psicotrópicos; 3) resulta prioritario, para trascender el diagnóstico, indagar sobre las causas estructurales; y 4) las políticas públicas educativas deben fortalecerse con enfoques psicopedagógicos que estimulen el proceso complejo de la expresividad e impulsen la trazabilidad de la educación y la formación basada en la comunicación bidireccional en familia.

Qualitative research hermeneutical. The objective was to explore relationship of consumption of psychotropics and psychosocial variables, between 1998-2019 at campus and in a Colombian city. It is a critical global public health exponential problem that is little addressed from the risks. It was found that: the diagnosis prevails and there is no evidence of a preventive intervention that helps the evolution of the causes that induces the decision to consume or not. The analysis suggests that: 1) the challenge of going beyond punitive or permissible actions persists; 2) it is need more psychoeducational intervention to make the addict mindful for following other ways; 3) it is urgent to investigate the structural causes beyond making a diagnosis; and 4) build together other psicopedagogical educational public policy that stimulates the complex process of education-training; theses based on two-way expressiveness, optimism, kindness, and promotes the traceability communication in the family and within the curricular plan. For to reduce the multidimensional impact caused by the consumption of psychotropic drugs by human, academic, professional, sociocultural, and economic destabilization

Modelo de educación diabetológica con fines preventivo / Model of diabetological education with preventive aims

Se realizó una intervención educativa en 20 estudiantes del grupo de quinto año de la carrera de Medicina, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, durante los cursos 2010 al 2012, a fin de determinar la eficacia del modelo de educación diabetológica con fines preventivos. Se obtuvo que, tanto este modelo como el método educativo-preventivo y el procedimiento metodológico educativo propuestos favorecieron el perfeccionamiento del proceso docente-educativo, como nueva alternativa de solución para la didáctica de la educación diabetológica preventiva.

An educational intervention was carried out in 20 students of the fifth year group from the Medicine career, belonging to the Medical Sciences University in Santiago de Cuba, during the courses 2010-2012, in order to determine the effectiveness of the pattern of diabetological education with preventive aims. It was obtained that, either this model as the educational-preventive method and the educational methodological procedure which were proposed, favoured the improvement of the educational-teaching process, as a new alternative for the didactics of the preventive diabetological education.

Preventive Education on Osteoporosis Awareness for Local Residents / 社会薬学

As of 2011, about 12.8 million people in Japan had osteoporosis, which is a social issue in that it increases the number of patients who are bedridden or require residential care and its poor prognosis increases the mortality rate. We delivered a presentation on osteoporosis prevention to residents;the presentation consisted of ultrasound bone densitometry readings followed by a slide show, based on the readings. This report summarizes the presentation and considers whether it was effective in enhancing awareness of osteoporosis. The presentation was given to 39 residents, who were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after it. Of the 31 female respondents, 16.1 percent had bone density in the “low or caution” range;for all eight male respondents, it was “sufficient” or “average.” After the presentation, over 90 percent of respondents selected “agree” or “slightly agree” in response to the statements “I want to have regular exercise and participate in sports,” “I want to eat nutritionally sound meals,” and “understanding one’s bone density is useful for the prevention of osteoporosis.” In addition, 97.4 percent of the residents responded that the lecture was “useful” or “somewhat useful,” and 94.9 percent indicated satisfaction with it. The presentation was considered to be useful in enhancing residents’ awareness of osteoporosis.

A ética da prevenção / The ethics of prevention

O uso de drogas é um fenômeno social complexo em que intervêm questões de valores e de sentido. Logo, a prevenção ao uso indevido de drogas, longe de ser neutra, contém elementos ideológicos que podem mascarar suas finalidades. Por esta razão, a reflexão ética sobre seus objetivos, conteúdos e procedimentos é fundamental para que suas ações tenham credibilidade e eficácia. Analisa-se criticamente a prevençã de enfoque repressivo, baseada na pedagogia do terror, à qual se opõe o modelo da prevenção pela educação. Aí, cabe à escola um papel fundamental para despertar o potencial psico-afetivo e criativo do jovem e para levá-lo a efetuar opções conscientes e responsáveis pela sua saúde. Esta é discutida no contexto amplo da ecologia humana, em que as drogas são apontadas como um dos agressores que ameaçam o equilíbrio social e ambiental, a ser resgatado a partir de uma ética da responsabilidade.

Drug use is a very complex social phenomenon, because it reaches questions of human values and senses. Thus, the prevention of drug abuse is not neutral and involves ideological elements, able do mask its goals. Ethical reflection about its aims, contents and methods are fundamental in order that its actions obtain credibility and efficacy. The critical analysis of the repressive oriented prevention shows that it is based on pedagogy of terror, which is contrasted with the model of educational prevention. The school has a fundamental role in awakening the psycho-affective and creative potential of children and in leading them to conscious and responsible choices about their health. This one is discussed in the context of a human ecology, where drugs appear like one of the aggressors who menace the social and natural balance, to be saved by an ethics of responsibility.