Latent tuberculosis infection and preventive treatment among in-school students: a review / 预防医学

@#School is a densely populated place, which can easily lead to tuberculosis clusters, then affect the physical and mental health of students and the normal teaching order of school. Tuberculosis latent infection (LTBI) screening for new students and close contacts of tuberculosis patients has become important parts of school tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Previous studies have shown that the LTBI rate of Chinese in-school students is about 5.74% to 11.67%, and there are differences in gender, studying phase and urban-rural distributions. Preventive treatment is an effective measure to prevent LTBI from developing into active tuberculosis, but the proportion of LTBI preventive treatment for students in most areas is low. The difficulties in implementing preventive treatment may be attributed to concerns about adverse reactions to medication and sense of shame towards illness among students, and lack of awareness about preventive treatment among medical staff. This review searches the research literature published from 2016 to 2023, and summarizes the prevalence of LTBI in Chinese students and progress on preventive treatment, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of tuberculosis among students.

Strengthening management of latent tuberculosis infection and accelerating the elimination of the tuberculosis epidemic / 上海预防医学

Screening and preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） are important measures to reduce the incidence of active tuberculosis （TB） and its global burden. This paper discusses the current status of LTBI prevalence and preventive treatment， risk of incidence in high-risk groups， screening methods， and other interventions， emphasizing the importance of prevention and control as early as possible in a scientific strategy， so as to lay a solid foundation for eliminating TB by 2030.

Application and thinking of acupuncture therapy in comprehensive management of hypertension / 中国针灸

The theory of disease prevention with traditional Chinese medicine is introduced into the prevention of chronic diseases such as hypertension. In order to fully implement the advantages of acupuncture, the three-level prevention strategy is strengthened on the whole-process intervention with acupuncture for hypertension, including prevention before disease onset, starting intervention at the early phase, and prevention disease from exacerbating. Moreover, the comprehensive management scheme, multidisciplinary coordination and participation mechanism are investigated in the field of traditional Chinese medicine for preventive treatment of hypertension.

Acupuncture for prevention of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for prevention of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.@*METHODS@#A total of 105 patients with moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into an observation group (53 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (52 cases, 4 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Yintang (GV 24+), Yingxiang (LI 20), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Fengchi (GB 20), Feishu (BL 13), etc. 4 weeks before the seizure period, once every other day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The patients in the control group were not given any intervention before the seizure period. Emergency drugs can be given appropriately during the seizure period in both groups. After seizure period, the seizure rate was recorded in the two groups; before treatment and on week 1, 2, 4, 6 of seizure period after treatment, the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score and total nasal symptom score (TNSS) were observed in the two groups; the rescue medication score (RMS) was recorded on week 1-6 of seizure period in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The seizure rate of the observation group was 84.0% (42/50), which was lower than 100.0% (48/48) in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of RQLQ and TNSS at each time point of seizure period were decreased compared with before treatment in the observation group (P<0.01), which were lower than the control group (P<0.01). The RMS score at each time point of seizure period in the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture can reduce the incidence of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis, relieve the symptoms, improve the quality of life and reduce the use of emergency drugs.

A Nomogram model for the early warning of essential hypertension risks based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements / 数字中医药（英文）

@#[Objective] To construct a Nomogram model for the prediction of essential hypertension (EH) risks with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements principles in conjunction with cutting-edge biochemical detection technologies. [Methods] A case-control study was conducted, involving 301 patients with essential hypertension in the hypertensive group and 314 without in the control group. Comprehensive data, including the information on the four TCM diagnoses, general data, and blood biochemical indicators of participants in both groups, were collected separately for analysis. The differentiation principles of syndrome elements were used to discern the location and nature of hypertension. One-way analysis was carried out to screen for potential risk factors of the disease. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify factors that contribute significantly to the model, and eliminate possible collinearity problems. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to both screen and quantify independent risk factors essential for the prediction model. The “rms” package in the R Studio was used to construct the Nomogram model, creating line segments of varying lengths based on the contribution of each risk factor to aid in the prediction of risks of hypertension. For internal model validation, the Bootstrap program package was utilized to perform 1000 repetitions of sampling and generate calibration curves. [Results] The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of EH included age, heart rate (HR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), uric acid (UA) levels, family medical history, sleep patterns (early awakening and light sleep), water intake, and psychological traits (depression and anger). Additionally, TCM syndrome elements such as phlegm, Yin deficiency, and Yang hyperactivity contributed to the risk of EH onset as well. TCM syndrome elements liver, spleen, and kidney were also considered the risk factors of EH. Next, the Nomogram model was constructed using the aforementioned 14 risk predictors, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.840 to 0.895. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found to be 80.7% and 85.0%, respectively. Internal validation confirmed the model’s robust predictive performance, with aconsistency index (C-index) of 0.879, underscoring the model’s strong predictive ability. [Conclusion] By integrating TCM syndrome elements, the Nomogram model has realized the objective, qualitative, and quantitative selection of early warning factors for developing EH, resulting in the creation of a more comprehensive and precise prediction model for EH risks.

Whole Course Management and Therapeutic Strategy of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Thrombocytopenia Induced by Tumor Treatment / 中医杂志

Based on the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theories of holism， syndrome differentiation and treatment， and preventive treatment of disease， the concept of whole course management of tumors throughout the treatment process is advocated. The strategy includes preventive treatment before tumor therapy， focusing on protecting the body's vital qi and strengthening the spleen and Qi. TCM formulas such as Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤）， Shenling Baizhu San （参苓白术散） and Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction（香砂六君子汤） are used to enhance platelet reserves. The main therapeutic methods during tumor conventional therapy include preventing disease transformation and strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor， by invigorating spleen and soothing liver， nourishing liver and kidney， purging fire for removing toxin， and removing blood stasis for promoting tissue regeneration. TCM formulas such as Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction （香砂六君子汤）， Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散）， Fuzi Lizhong Decoction （附子理中汤）， Zhibai Dihuang Decoction （知柏地黄汤）， and Qiangen Powder （茜根散）are used to reduce platelet destruction and depletion during tumor therapy and reverse the worsening trend. After tumor conventional therapy， the focus is on preventing relapse， adjusting the balance of Yin and Yang， by nourishing the kidneys， spleen， and lungs. TCM formulas such as Dingkun Pill （定坤丹）and Zuogui Pill （左归丸） are used with modifications to prevent thrombocytopenia. The staged prevention and treatment of tumor treatment-induced thrombocytopenia using TCM can maximize the benefits for patients.

Preventive and abortive treatment of migraine with traditional drugs. The state of the art / Tratamento preventivo e abortivo da enxaqueca com medicamentos tradicionais. O Estado da arte

Introduction: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease, with a prevalence of 15.2% in Brazil. It is 2.2 times more prevalent in women, predominantly in the 18-50 age group. Its pathophysiological mechanism is still not completely understood. Possibly headache attacks and symptoms are associated with cortical spreading depression, the trigeminovascular system, neurogenic inflammation, vasodilation and genetic vulnerability. Objective:This is a narrative review of preventive and abortive treatment of migraine. Comment: Migraine treatment is based on three pillars: patient education, treatment of the disease itself or prevention of attacks, and acute treatment of headache attacks. The therapeutic classes of traditional drugs used in migraine prevention are beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, calcium channel antagonists or blockers, and anticonvulsant neuromodulators. Specific drugs used in the treatment of headache attacks are triptans or serotonergic 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists, ditans or 5-HT1F receptor agonists, and gepants or CGRP receptor antagonists. Conclusion: Traditional drugs used in the preventive or abortive treatment of migraine are considered to be effective. Through modulation of the disease mechanisms, there is a reduction in the frequency, intensity and duration of headache attacks, and also in the disability caused by the headache. All this to improve the quality of life of patients. The therapeutic classes of traditional drugs used in migraine prevention are beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, antagonists or blockers of calcium channels and anticonvulsant neuromodulators. Specific drugs used in the treatment of headache attacks are triptans or serotonergic 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists,ditans or 5-HT1F receptor agonists, and gepants or CGRP receptor antagonists.

Introdução: A enxaqueca é uma doença neurológica crônica, com prevalência de 15,2% no Brasil. É 2,2 vezes mais prevalente em mulheres, predominantemente na faixa etária de 18 a 50 anos. Seu mecanismo fisiopatológico ainda não está completamente esclarecido. Possivelmente, os ataques e sintomas de dor de cabeça estão associados à depressão alastrante cortical, ao sistema trigeminovascular, à inflamação neurogênica, à vasodilatação e à vulnerabilidade genética. Objetivo: Esta é uma revisão narrativa do tratamento preventivo e abortivo da enxaqueca. Comente: O tratamento da enxaqueca baseia-se em três pilares: educação do paciente, tratamento da própria doença ou prevenção de crises e tratamento agudo das crises de cefaleia. As classes terapêuticas de medicamentos tradicionais utilizados na prevenção da enxaqueca são betabloqueadores, antidepressivos tricíclicos, antagonistas ou bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio e neuromoduladores anticonvulsivantes. Os medicamentos específicos utilizados no tratamento de crises de dor de cabeça são triptanos ou agonistas do receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1B/1D, ditans ou agonistas do receptor 5-HT1F e gepants ou antagonistas do receptor CGRP. Conclusão: Os medicamentos tradicionais utilizados no tratamento preventivo ou abortivo da enxaqueca são considerados eficazes. Através da modulação dos mecanismos da doença, há redução na frequência, intensidade e duração das crises de cefaleia, e também na incapacidade causada pela cefaleia. Tudo isso para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. As classes terapêuticas de medicamentos tradicionais utilizados na prevenção da enxaqueca são betabloqueadores, antidepressivos tricíclicos, antagonistas ou bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio e neuromoduladores anticonvulsivantes. Os medicamentos específicos utilizados no tratamento de crises de cefaleia são triptanos ou agonistas do receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT1B/1D, ditans ou agonistas do receptor 5-HT1F e gepants ou antagonistas do receptor CGRP.

Research progress on interaction between tumor microenvironment and breast cancer cells leading to tumor metastasis / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with strong invasiveness, strong metastasis and high recurrence rate. Breast cancer cells can be transferred to different tissues in a variety of ways. Breast cancer cells can spread because of the tumor microenvironment created by tumor interaction with surrounding cells. This review examines the role and mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer cell metastasis in recent years, including adipocytes, fibroblasts, neuroendocrine cells, immune and inflammatory cells, blood and lymphatic network, and extracellular matrix, as well as how to treat breast cancer metastasis.

Tratamiento preventivo en migraña: anticuerpos monoclonales contra la vía del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina / Migraine preventive treatment: monoclonal antibodies against calcitonine gene related peptide

Resumen La migraña es un trastorno muy prevalente que afecta a alrededor del 15% de los sujetos adultos. Es clasificada por la Organización Mundial de la Saludentre los primeros puestos como causa de discapacidad. Los tratamientos preventivos habituales hasta ahora derivan de otras indicaciones y por serendipia se utilizan en prevención de migraña: betabloqueantes, drogas antiepilépticas, antidepresivos tricíclicos, bloquean tes de canales de calcio, toxina botulínica. Todas ellas han mostrado eficacia similar al 50% en reducir el número de episodios migrañosos pese a efectos secundarios indeseados. Durante los últimos años, se ha evaluado la eficacia y seguridad de los anticuerpos monoclonales (AM) que actúan sobre la vía del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP) en migraña. Dicho péptido es relevante en la activación del dolor en territorio meníngeoy es mediado por terminales nerviosas trigeminales una vez activado el proceso migrañoso. Su dosaje en crisis migrañosas ha sido elevado en diversos estudios y su neutralización/bloqueo, redunda en alivio del dolor. Los anticuerpos monoclonales erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab, eptinezumab aprobados en el mercado EE.UU./Europa desde 2018 y tras varios trabajos de Fase III y abiertos de extensión, mostraron clara seguridad yeficacia y están presentes en nuestro medio desde mediados de 2019. Desarrollamos la racionalidad e indicaciones de uso de los mismos.

Abstract Migraine is a very prevalent disorder that is estimated to affect about 10-15% of adult subjects. Ac cording to the World Health Organization migraine is one of the first causes of disability. Traditional preventive treatments discovered by serendipity include Beta blockers, antinconvulsants drugs, calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants and onabotulinum A and offer about 50% efficacy after controlled placebo trials and real life use. Because of lack of adherence and adverse events, there is a loss of beneficial sustain on these treat ments. Recently, the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (MA) that act on the peptide pathway related to the calcitonin gene (CGRP) has been evaluated in migraine, being the first specific tailored treatment on one of the multiple targets on migraine. This family of drugs: erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab, eptinezumab, finished Fase III, extensions trials and many of them are in the market approved since 2018.Since 2019 are available in Argentina. We will describe the rationale for the prescription of this family of new drugs for migraine.

Causes and preventive measures of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the causes and preventive measures of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors. 【Methods】 Data of 12 000 voluntary blood donors donated at our blood station from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence, discarding rate and causes of lipemic blood were investigated, and preventive measures were formulated. 【Results】 384(3.20%) out of the 12 000 blood samples were lipemic blood, while mild, moderate and severe lipemic blood constituted 181, 148 and 55 cases, respectively. The incidence of lipoemia in males(4.22%) was higher than that in females(1.52%). The incidence of lipoemia in 26~45 and 36~45 age population was 4.75%, which was higher than that in 18~25 age group(0.62%). The incidence of lipoemia was the lowest in donors with mass index(kg/m2) <18.5, followed by 18.5~24.9 and >30 (P<0.05). The incidence of lipemic blood among first-time blood donors(4.38%) was higher than that in repeated donors(2.31%), higher in blood donation collected during 13: 00 to 17: 00(3.54%) than 9: 00 to 12: 00 a. m.(2.73%), also higher in group blood donors(4.01%) than street blood donors(1.56%)(P<0.05). The free Hb of red blood cells in moderate and severe group was higher than that in mild group immediate after preparation and 7 days after preparation (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 There was a significant tendency for the incidence of lipemic blood in voluntary blood donors, which causes blood discarding. The publicity of blood donation, pre-donation consultation and advice on reasonable diet should be boosted to reduce the discarding rate of lipemic blood and improve the use of blood.

Enfoque terapéutico profiláctico para reducir la morbilidad por paludismo en la mujer embarazada / Prophylactic therapeutic approach to reduce malaria morbidity among pregnant women

Introducción: La infección por malaria durante el embarazo es un importante problema de salud en la mayoría de las regiones tropicales. Esta condición puede tener incidencia negativa tanto en la gestante como en el feto. Objetivo: Indagar en el impacto del tratamento preventivo intermitente con el medicamento antimalárico sulfadoxina-pirimetamina en la mujer embarazada. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la base de datos Medline/Pub Med y en artículos relevantes relacionados al tema de los últimos cinco años. Además, se tomó como referencia las guías para el tratamiento de malaria de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, verisón 2016-2017. Análisis y síntesis de los resultados: Durante el período 2015-2017 no se lograron avances significativos en la reducción del número de enfermos palúdicos. No obstante, se señala la anemia como causa de mortalidad en el curso de la malaria. También, se destacan los nuevos enfoques y compromisos para reducir la morbilidad atribuible al paludismo en la mujer embarazada en sus tres vertientes: tratamiento eficaz de los casos de paludismo, el uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticidas, y la utilización del tratamiento preventivo intermitente con el antimalárico sulfadoxina-pirimetamina a partir del segundo trimestre del embarazo. La indicación de este tratamiento inlcuye mínimo dos dosis del fármaco antipalúdico, con un intervalo de un mes entre cada dosis, con independencia de que las embarazadas muestren o no síntomas de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Esta intervención para prevenir el paludismo en el embarazo es una cuestión prioritaria en la iniciativa de salud materna, infantil y reproductiva; además, ayuda a mejorar y aumentar la cobertura de las medidas de control de esta enfermedad durante la gestación(AU)

Introduction: Malaria infection during pregnancy is an important health problem in most tropical regions. This condition may have a negative incidence on pregnant women and fetuses. Objective: Inquire into the effect of the intermittent preventive treatment with the malarial sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine in pregnant women. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted in the database Medline / PubMed and in relevant papers about the topic published in the last five years. The Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria 2016-2017 of the World Health Organization were also used as reference. Analysis and synthesis of results: Significant progress was not achieved in reducing the number of malaria patients in the period 2015-2017. However, anemia is reported as the cause of mortality during the course of malaria. New approaches and commitments are proposed to reduce malaria-related morbidity among pregnant women, namely effective treatment of malaria cases, use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and intermittent preventive treatment with the antimalarial sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine as of the second quarter of pregnancy. Indication of this treatment includes at least two doses of the malarial, with a separation of one month between the doses, regardless of whether the pregnant women have symptoms of the disease. Conclusions: The intervention to prevent malaria during pregnancy is a first-priority aspect of the mother, child, reproductive health initiative. It also helps improve and broaden the coverage of measures for the control of this disease during pregnancy(AU)

Trastorno por deficit de atención/hiperactividad y uso de sustancias / Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Scientific evidence

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es una alteración del neurodesarrollo de base biológica que iniciado en la infancia puede persistir durante la adolescencia-juventud y, a pesar de lo que se pensaba hasta hace no muchos años, también en la edad adulta hasta en un 50-60% de los afectados, produciendo un notable deterioro clínico y psicosocial. A pesar de tratarse de un síndrome fácilmente identificable por la triada: desatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad que le caracteriza, en la práctica clínica existen diferentes circunstancias que dificultan y complican su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Una de las más significativas es la presencia, tanto en la infancia como en la edad adulta, de otros trastornos mentales comórbidos. Es a partir de la adolescencia-juventud cuando junto al TDAH podemos detectar la presencia de trastornos de la personalidad, trastornos del estado de ánimo, trastornos de ansiedad y muy especialmente trastornos por uso de sustancias. Las evidencias existentes hasta el presente muestran como la comorbilidad del TDAH y el trastorno por uso de sustancias influyen en el curso evolutivo de ambos, complicando el abordaje, el tratamiento y consecuentemente agravando el pronóstico final. Las dificultades en su abordaje y la escasez de opciones de tratamiento nos hacen subrayar la importancia del tratamiento preventivo en la etapa infantil a partir de programas de psicoeducación centrados en la vulnerabilidad de estos pacientes a las sustancias y las consecuencias asociadas al consumo.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental alteration of biological basis that started in childhood may persist during adolescence-youth and, despite what was believed until not many years ago, also in adulthood up to 50-60% of those affected, producing a significant clinical and psychosocial deterioration. In spite of being a syndrome easily identifiable by the triad: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that characterizes it, in clinical practice there are different circumstances that hinder and complicate its diagnosis and treatment. One of the most significant is the presence, both in childhood and adulthood, of other comorbid mental disorders. It is from adolescence-youth when together with ADHD we can detect the presence of personality, mood and anxiety disorders and especially the use of several substances. The evidences existing until now show how the comorbidity of ADHD and substance use disorder influence the evolutionary course of both, complicating the approach, the treatment and, therefore, aggravating the final prognosis. The difficulties in their approach and the scarcity of treatment options make us underline the importance of preventive treatment in the infantile stage, starting from psychoeducation programs focused on the vulnerability of these patients to substances and the consequences associated with consumption.

Efficacy and Safety of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies in the Preventive Treatment of Migraine：A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate th e efficacy and safety of 4 kinds of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）monoclonal antibodies in the preventive treatment of migraine ，and to provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment of migraine. METHODS ：Retrieved from the Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CJFD，VIP and Wanfang database ， RCTs about 4 kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies （trial Δ 基金项目 ：四川省科技厅重点研发 （重大科技专项 ）项目 group） versus placebo （control group ） in the preventive （No.2019YFS0180） ＊硕士研究生 。研究方向 ：临床药学 、循证药学 。电话：0830- treatment of migraine were collected. After literature screening 3165787。E-mail：lewxinn@outlook.com and data extraction ， the quality evaluation of included # 通信作者：教授，硕士生导师，硕士。研究方向：临床药学、循证 literature was performed by using the bias risk assessment tool 药学。电话：0830-3165787。E-mail：hyl3160131@163.com provided by the Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0. 中国药房 2020年第31卷第18期 China Pharmacy 2020Vol. 31 No. 18 ·2275· Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed by using GeMTC 0.14.3 software and Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS ：A total of 19 RCTs involving 11 392 patients were included ，involving 10 interventions，such as Erenumab 70，140 mg/month；Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months，225 mg/month；Galcanezumab 120，240，300 mg/month；Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months，300 mg/3 months and placebo. Results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with control group ，4 kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the change of mean monthly migraine days （MMD）（P＜0.05）. Among trial groups ，compared with Galcanezumab 300 mg/month [MD ＝－1.30，95％CI（－2.59，－0.05），P＜0.05] and Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months [MD ＝－1.18， 95％CI（－2.26，－0.03），P＜0.05]，Fremanezumab 225 mg/month could significantly reduce MMD. Network Meta-analysis ranking showed that Fremanezumab 225 mg/month＞Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months＞Galcanezumab 120 mg/month＞Erenumab 140 mg/month＞Galcanezumab 240 mg/month＞Eptinezumab 300 mg/3 months＞Erenumab 70 mg/month＞Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months＞Galcanezumab 300 mg/month＞placebo. Compared with control group ，4 kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies were significantly increased of the proportion of patients whose mean monthly migraine days reduction ≥50％ compared with baseline （MMD 50）（P＜0.05）. Among trial groups ，compared with Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months group ，MMD 50 of Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months group [OR ＝1.51，95％CI（1.02，2.31），P＜0.05]，Fremanezumab 225 mg/month group [OR ＝1.58，95％CI （1.05，2.44），P＜0.05] were increased significantly. Network Meta-analysis ranking showed that Fremanezumab 225 mg/month＞ Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months＞Erenumab 140 mg/month＞Galcanezumab 120 mg/month＞Eptinezumab 300 mg/3 months＞ Galcanezumab 240 mg/month＞Erenumab 70 mg/month＞Galcanezumab 300 mg/month＞Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months＞placebo. In terms of safety ，incidence of total adverse events （AE）of trial groups receiving Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months [OR ＝1.31， 95％CI（1.05，1.64），P＜0.05]，Galcanezumab 240 mg/month [OR ＝1.39，95％CI（1.09，1.74），P＜0.05] were significantly higher than control group. Among trial groups ，compared with Galcanezumab 240 mg/month group ，AE of Erenumab 70 mg/month group [OR ＝0.67，95％CI（0.50，0.93），P＜0.05]，Erenumab 140 mg/month group [OR ＝0.70，95％CI（0.51，0.98），P＜0.05] were decreased significantly. Compared with Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months group ，AE of Erenumab 70 mg/month group [OR ＝ 0.72，95％CI（0.52，0.98），P＜0.05] were decreased significantly. Network Meta-analysis ranking showed that Galcanezumab 240 mg/month＞ Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months＞Galcanezumab 120 mg/month＞Galcanezumab 300 mg/month＞Eptinezumab 300 mg/3 months＞Fremanezumab 225 mg/month＞Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months＞placebo＞Erenumab 140 mg/month＞Erenumab 70 mg/month. CONCLUSIONS ：Four kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies are effective in the preventive treatment of migraine ， among which Fremanezumab 225 mg/month is most likely to have the best efficacy and Erenumab 70 mg/month is most likely to have the highest safety.

Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: An in silico pharmacological model

Objective: To explore the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) against sensitive parasites. Methods: A pharmacological model was used to investigate the effectiveness of the previous recommended at least two-dose regimen, currently recommended three-dose regimen and 4, 6, 8-weekly regimens with specific focus on the impact of various non-adherence patterns in multiple transmission settings. Results: The effectiveness of the recommended three-dose regimen is high in all the transmission intensities, i.e. >99%, 98% and 92% in low, moderate and high transmission intensities respectively. The simulated 4 and 6 weekly IPTp-SP regimens were able to prevent new infections with sensitive parasites in almost all women (>99%) regardless of transmission intensity. However, 8 weekly interval dose schedules were found to have 71% and 86% protective efficacies in high and moderate transmission areas, respectively. It highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp-SP doses are missed. Conclusions: The pharmacological model predicts that full adherence to the currently recommended three-dose regimen should provide almost complete protection from malaria infection in moderate and high transmission regions. However, it also highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp doses are spaced too widely or if doses are missed. Adherence to the recommended IPTp-SP schedules is recommended.

Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: An in silico pharmacological model

Objective: To explore the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) against sensitive parasites. Methods: A pharmacological model was used to investigate the effectiveness of the previous recommended at least two-dose regimen, currently recommended three-dose regimen and 4, 6, 8-weekly regimens with specific focus on the impact of various non-adherence patterns in multiple transmission settings. Results: The effectiveness of the recommended three-dose regimen is high in all the transmission intensities, i.e. >99%, 98% and 92% in low, moderate and high transmission intensities respectively. The simulated 4 and 6 weekly IPTp-SP regimens were able to prevent new infections with sensitive parasites in almost all women (>99%) regardless of transmission intensity. However, 8 weekly interval dose schedules were found to have 71% and 86% protective efficacies in high and moderate transmission areas, respectively. It highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp-SP doses are missed. Conclusions: The pharmacological model predicts that full adherence to the currently recommended three-dose regimen should provide almost complete protection from malaria infection in moderate and high transmission regions. However, it also highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp doses are spaced too widely or if doses are missed. Adherence to the recommended IPTp-SP schedules is recommended.

A Summary of Health Preserving Thoughts of Confucianism，Buddhism，Taoism and Medicine (Ⅱ) / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Health-preservation thoughts of the four major schools (Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Medicine) have important reference values for the health preservation and health care industry. The core of health-preservation thought of the Taoism is taking mind training as the focus and physical exercise as the supplementary means, Taoism is nature-admiring, emphasizes the idea of natural laws and inaction and humanity follows natural laws, as well as advocates following nature's courses, realizing the passive inaction, and keeping calmness, also, it advocates the way of keeping good health through preserving vital essence, energy and mentality, in order to achieve the purpose of training vital essence into energy, training energy into mentality and maintaining complete vital essence, energy and vitality. Through long-term development, Medicine has formed a relatively complete set of theoretical and systematic health-preservation methods. The holistic concept of Medicine emphasizes the uniformity among human, nature and society, considers human body as an organic whole, and advocates the health-preservation thoughts of living in harmony with nature, accommodating the four seasons, keeping good circulation of energy and blood, dredging collaterals, nourishing essence and replenishing energy, accumulating healthy energy and repelling pathogenic factors, maintaining the inseparability of the body and spirits, as well as taking proper exercises and keeping mental calmness. Based on the health-preservation thoughts of the four major schools, this paper summarizes the modern health-preservation guiding thoughts of dredging collaterals, nourishing essence, taking exercises and keeping mental calmness, in order to provide the theoretical guidance for traditional Chinese medicine health-preservation services.

Diagnóstico terapéutico para la atención de pacientes con caries dental / Therapeutic diagnosis for the care of patients with dental caries

La caries dental es tan antigua como la humanidad misma, es considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como el primer problema de salud bucal, su incremento se ha asociado al desarrollo social y a las variaciones en los hábitos dietéticos de las poblaciones. En estudios realizados en los últimos años, se ha determinado una tendencia a la disminución de esta enfermedad. El problema fundamental en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la caries dental es la decisión de cuándo y cómo obturar un diente afectado por caries. El objetivo primario es ampliar la visión sobre las posibilidades terapéuticas y profundizar en los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos sobre los tratamientos preventivos, curativos no invasivos e invasivos utilizados contra la caries dental. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de textos impresos y búsqueda en internet sobre caries dental, frecuencia y conducta adecuada por parte los estomatólogos generales. Se concluye que todo estomatólogo general, debe conocer la importancia de la promoción y la prevención permanente en los pacientes para evitar las caries dentales, así como las indicaciones, técnica de empleo y los requisitos para aplicar en la práctica diaria, los materiales restaurativos(AU)

Dental caries is as old as human race, it is considered by the World Health Organization as the first oral health problem, its increase has been associated with social development and variations in dietary habits of populations. In studies carried out in recent years, a tendency to decrease this disease has been determined. The fundamental problem in the diagnosis and treatment of dental caries is the decision of when and how to seal a tooth affected by caries. The primary objective is to broaden the vision of the therapeutic possibilities and to deepen the theoretical and practical knowledge about preventive, non-invasive and invasive curative treatments used against dental caries. A literature review of printed texts and internet search on dental caries, frequency and appropriate behavior of general stomatologists was carried out. It is concluded that every general stomatologist should know the importance of the promotion and permanent prevention in patients to avoid tooth decay, as well as the indications, technique of use and requirements to apply restorative materials in daily practice.

Effect of preoperative intervention of electroacupuncture at point on postoperative complications of procedure for prolapsed and hemorrhoids / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore effective treatments that can alleviate postoperative complications in patients with procedure for prolapsed and hemorrhoids (PPH).@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with pre-mixed hemorrhoids PPH were randomly divided into a simple operation group and a preoperative electroacupuncture intervention group, 30 cases in each group. PPH routine treatment was given in the simple operation group. Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at point 30 min before PPH in the preoperative electroacupuncture intervention group, and EA was applied at Ciliao (BL 32) and Xialiao (BL 34) for 30 min. The scores of anus pendant, pain degree and persistent time and first urination time were compared within 24 h after operation between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The scores of anal pendant and pain degree in the 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, the persistent time of anal pendant and pain degree within 24 h and first urination time were better in the preoperative electroacupuncture intervention group than those in the simple operation group, and there were statistically significant differences (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture at point 30 min before PPH can not only decrease the degrees of anal pendant and pain in the 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, but also shorten the persistent time of anal pendant and pain within 24 h after surgery and promote the first urination.

Research,evaluation,industry status and development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine functional food / 中国中药杂志

With the development of social economy,people's demand for health services is growing rapidly. As health resource with Chinese characteristics,health food containing Chinese materia medica have broad prospect and great market space for development.However,at present,there are still many problems of health food containing Chinese materia media in the research,development,evaluation and market application. In addition,due to lack of theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the research and development of health food containing Chinese materia media,blurred boundaries between health food containing Chinese materia media and other health products as well as TCM are present,lacking of TCM characteristics. In the evaluation process of health food containing Chinese materia media,the construction of functional food laws,regulations and evaluation norms is relatively lagging behind,which can't meet the needs of health food containing Chinese materia media research and development,severely restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia media. Based on the research and evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia media,the existing problems were reviewed and the reasons for the deficiencies were analyzed in this paper. Guided by the theory of TCM,based on the constitution identification in TCM,and combined with modern scientific and technological means,a new research and development mode of functional food was put forward in this paper to distinguish health food containing Chinese materia media from TCM as well as general health products. Nevertheless,we should ensure the vitality of Chinese medicine health products with original thinking and scientific and technological connotations,and accelerate the harmonious,rapid and sustainable development of Chinese medicine health industry.

Discussion on Comparison and Fusion of Preventive Treatment of Chinese Medicine and Health Management in the Perspective of "Equal Importance on Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Since 2007, the State Administration of TCM has implemented the preventive treatment of TCM health project, support the development of the Preventive treatment Section, issued the TCM health management service standards for special groups, and vigorously established the TCM preventive health service system. The thought of preventive treatment in TCM fully embodies the thinking mode of preventive and health care for TCM, but health management is a specific process of monitoring, evaluation, intervention and follow-up of health risk factors. In this paper, through comparative research methods, we analyzed the similarities and differences between preventive treatment of TCM and health management from historical origins, ideological content, guiding ideology, and key strategies and techniques, and we have discovered preventive treatment of TCM has more obvious advantages in theoretical height and comprehensive conditioning, and modern health management is more advanced in the application process and technical means. Their common points in the pursuit of health promotion and disease prevention, the emphasis on holistic medical concepts, and the focus on health risk factors, and the possible fusion of preventive treatment of TCM and health management in core ideas, theory and practice and technical methods, especially for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of sub-health, constitution bias, chronic diseases and other groups. The phased monitoring-assessment-intervention approach under the guidance of the idea of preventive treatment can provide suggestions for the development ideas of TCM health management. Research on TCM health risks monitoring and assessment in different life cycles needs to be strengthened.