Research on the Ethical Supervision of Human Gene Editing Technology: Based on the Perspective of Game Theory / 中国医学伦理学

In view of the current norms and demands of human gene editing technology at home and abroad, the paper explained that the regulatory difficulties faced by human gene editing technology were due to the conflict between economic interests and moral bottom line by constructing a game model in a hypothetical way. On this basis, the ideas of the supervision mode of human gene editing technology were put forward: establish unified international standards based on the country as the main body, enact more stringent and effective laws, to jointly deal with the behavior of genetic manipulation of human gametes, zygotes and embryos for the purpose of reproductive, and ensure the normalization and legalization of gene editing technology to avoid technology abuse.

Problemas morais e/ou éticos em comitês de ética em pesquisa / Moral and/or ethical issues in research ethics committees / Problemas morales y/o éticos en los comités de ética de investigación

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é analisar problemas morais e/ou éticos vivenciados por membros de comitês de ética em pesquisa durante suas atividades e as estratégias utilizadas para solucionar esses problemas. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com participação de 39 membros que atuavam em comitês em Salvador/BA, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2020 por questionário on-line autoaplicado na plataforma Google Forms. Os resultados evidenciaram: vivências de conflitos de interesses e de valores, bem como dilemas; e utilização de trocas de experiências e compartilhamento de ideias e opiniões como estratégias para solucionar esses problemas. Conclui-se que os membros desses comitês vivenciam problemas morais e/ou éticos e buscam solucioná-los por meio de estratégias que favorecem o desenvolvimento de pesquisas conforme critérios éticos e metodológicos adequados.

Abstract The objective of the study is to analyze moral and/or ethical issues experienced by members of research ethics committees when performing their activities and the strategies used to deal with those issues. This is a qualitative study with 39 individuals that participated in committees in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Data were collected in October 2020 using a self-administered online questionnaire developed using Google Forms. Results showed that participants underwent conflicts of interests and values, and also faced dilemmas, and the strategies used to deal with those issues were exchanging of experiences and sharing of ideas and opinions. It is concluded that members of such committees experience moral and/or ethical issues and seek to deal with them via strategies that favor the development of research according to appropriate ethical and methodological criteria.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio es analizar los problemas morales o éticos experimentados por los miembros de los comités de ética de investigación durante sus actividades y las estrategias que utilizan para resolver dichos problemas. Se trata de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, con la participación de 39 miembros que actuaban en comités en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron en octubre del 2020 por medio de un cuestionario en línea autoadministrado en la plataforma Google Forms. Los resultados mostraron experiencias de conflictos de intereses y valores, así como dilemas; y el intercambio de experiencias, ideas y opiniones como estrategias para solucionar dichos problemas. Se concluye que los miembros de estos comités experimentan problemas morales o éticos y tratan de solucionarlos mediante estrategias que favorezcan el desarrollo de investigaciones de acuerdo con criterios éticos y metodológicos adecuados.

Relation between charitable behavior and life satisfaction in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship of charitable behavior and life satisfaction in college students.Methods:Totally 194 college students were surveyed by using the prisoner's dilemmatask to assess charitable behavior tendency,the donating experiment to assess the actual donation money and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)for life satisfaction.The partial correlation analysis and linear regression were used to explore the re-lationship of charitable behavior tendency,donation and life satisfaction.Results:There was significant positive cor-relation between charitable behavior tendency and SWLS scores (r =0.22,P <0.05).The scores of actual donation were significantly and positively correlated with SWLS scores (r =0.19,P <0.05).The scores of life satisfaction of college students were positively associated with both scores of charitable behavior tendency(β=0.21,P <0.05) and donation (β=0.19,P <0.05 ).Conclusion:It suggests that individuals with higher fife satisfaction may be likely to do charitable behavior.

Effects of communication and cultural consequences on choices combinations in INPDG with four participants / Efectos de la comunicación y las consecuencias culturales en combinaciones de elecciones en un INPDG con cuatro participantes

En dos juegos de INPDG, cuatro personas eligieron una tarjeta verde o rojo de forma individual. El verde siempre produce el mejor resultado para las personas si todos los otros optaron por el rojo y el peor resultado si todos eligieron verde. Todos los que eligen las tarjetas rojas optimizan puntos. En ningún caso, ningún grupo elige rojo en condición A (Línea de base de 20 ensayos) Las metacontingencias se agregaron (consecuencias culturales de las combinaciones de opciones enVR2) y fueron manipulados a través estas 2 condiciones, la selección de por lo menos 3 tarjetas rojas (condición B), o por lo menos 3 tarjetas verdes (condición C). se permitió la conducta verbal en un grupo (GV), y para la última sesión del otro grupo (GNV), las opciones de estos grupos estabilizados todos de color rojo (o todo verde), dependiendo de la metacontingencia en vigor. Aunque los grupos sin la conducta verbal terminaron con tres de los cuatro participantes en la elección de color rojo, de acuerdo con la metacontingencia, los 4 participantes de ambos grupos llegaron a un consenso sobre la elección de color verde.

In two games of INPDG, four people chose a green or red card individually. The green one always produces the best outcome for individuals if all the others chose red and the worst outcome if all chose green. All who choose red cards optimize points. In no case any group choose red in Condition A (Baseline 20 trials). Metacontingencies were added (cultural consequences on VR 2 for various combinations of choices) and manipulated across the next 2 conditions, selecting for at least 3 red cards (B condition) or at least 3 greens (C condition). Verbal behavior was allowed in one group (GV), and for the last session of the other group (GNV); the choices in these groups stabilized on all red (or all green), depending on the metacontingency in effect. Although groups without verbal behavior ended with 3 of 4 participants choosing red in accordance with the metacontingency, all 4 participants in both groups reached consensus on choosing green.