Procesos de estigmatización social y accesibilidad al sistema de salud de personas con consumos problemáticos / Processes of social stigmatization and accessibility to the health system of people with problematic consumption

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El presente trabajo es un recorte seleccionado del proyecto de investigación desarrollado en el marco de la tesis doctoral de la autora. Su objetivo fue analizar los problemas de accesibilidad al sistema de salud de personas con consumos problemáticos. MÉTODOS: La estrategia metodológica utilizada adhirió a las dimensiones básicas de la investigación en políticas, sistemas y servicios de salud: abordaje de distintos niveles de análisis y articulación entre academia y servicios de salud. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales del sector y a personas con consumos problemáticos en tratamiento en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. RESULTADOS: Lo más significativo del relato de los usuarios fue la profundización del sufrimiento vivenciado por efecto de los procesos de estigmatización social. Los discursos de los profesionales mostraron consenso en la idea de que el sistema de salud suele rechazar la atención de personas con consumos problemáticos. DISCUSIÓN: El problema central no tiene relación específica con las sustancias consumidas, sino con la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud y múltiples derechos que suelen ser vulnerados en las personas afectadas. Es necesario transformar estos puntos relevantes para asegurar un marco de políticas respetuosas de los derechos humanos.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The work presented here is a selected excerpt from the research project developed within the framework of the author's doctoral thesis. Its objective was to analyze the problems of accessibility to the health system for people with problematic consumption. METHODS: The methodological strategy followed the basic dimensions of research in health policies, systems and services: approach to different levels of analysis and articulation between academia and health services. In-depth interviews were conducted with health professionals and people with problematic consumption under treatment in the city of Buenos Aires. RESULTS: The most significant finding of the users' report was the intensification of the suffering experienced as a result of the processes of social stigmatization. The speeches of the professionals showed consensus about the idea that the health care system usually rejects people with problematic consumption. DISCUSSION: The main problem is not specifically related to the substances consumed, but to the accessibility to health services and multiple rights that are usually violated to the detriment of people with these problems. It is necessary to tackle these relevant issues to ensure a policy framework that respects human rights.

Intervenciones facilitadoras para las mujeres en el tratamiento por consumos problemáticos desde un enfoque de género / Facilitating interventions for women in treatment for problematic drug use from a gender perspective

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen barreras para la atención y permanencia de las mujeres en los tratamientos por consumos problemáticos. Se relacionan con los espacios y el diseño de programas donde no se tienen en cuenta las necesidades específicas para un trabajo con enfoque de género. El objetivo fue explorar las intervenciones que funcionan como facilitadoras para alojar y escuchar a las mujeres a partir de la experiencia de un grupo de ellas en el marco de un tratamiento por consumo problemático de sustancias. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un diseño mixto, tomando como referencia empírica la implementación de un grupo de mujeres. Se trabajó con una muestra de 33 mujeres de la población de 79 pacientes atendidas en un dispositivo ambulatorio para el tratamiento de consumos problemáticos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre julio de 2020 y julio de 2022. RESULTADOS: Los datos relevados describen un aumento en la población de mujeres desde la creación del grupo, mientras que el análisis de las experiencias permite distinguir cuatro categorías de intervenciones: las que vinculan los consumos con el rol social de las mujeres; las destinadas a mejorar el apoyo mutuo entre las compañeras; las que permiten construir un espacio de apertura para el trabajo de situaciones de violencia; y las que nacen de la creación del grupo de mujeres para trabajar la accesibilidad. DISCUSIÓN: El presente trabajo refleja la importancia de abordar la perspectiva de género al interior de los tratamientos de un modo transversal.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: There are barriers for women's care and staying in treatment for problematic drug use. They are related to spaces and design of programs that do not consider the specific needs for gender perspective work. The objective was to explore the interventions that work as facilitators to support and listen to women, based on the experience of a group of women in the context of a treatment for problematic substance use. METHODS: A mixed design was used, taking as empirical reference the implementation of a women's group. The study worked with a sample of 33 women from a population of 79 patients in an outpatient facility for the treatment of problematic substance use in the city of Buenos Aires from July 2020 to July 2022. RESULTS: The collected data show an increase in the population of women since the creation of the group, while the analysis of the experiences allows to distinguish four categories of interventions: the ones that link drug use with women's social role; the ones aimed at improving mutual support among partners; the ones that allow building a space of openness to tackle situations of violence; and the ones arising from the creation of a women's group to work on accessibility. DISCUSSION: This work reflects the importance of addressing gender perspective in the treatment in a cross-sectional way.

Riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con el uso problemático de videojuegos y redes sociales en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: El nivel de riesgo de consumo se establece a partir de la exposición que tiene una persona a ciertos factores de riesgo o características individuales, familiares o sociales, que posibilitan o aumentan el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA). Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como propósito relacionar el nivel de riesgo de consumo de SPA con el uso problemático de videojuegos y redes sociales, a fin de establecer su posible papel como factores de riesgo de tipo social. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental transversal de alcance descriptivo correlacional con la participación de 736 estudiantes. Se emplearon como instrumentos de recolección de datos el cuestionario sociodemográfico, prueba de tamizaje ASSIST 3,1, cuestionario de adicción a redes sociales - ARS y el cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos - CERV. Resultados: Algunos resultados sugieren mayor exposición al consumo de sustancias alcohólicas, derivados del tabaco, del cannabis y mayores niveles en el uso problemático de redes sociales y videojuegos. Conclusiones: A partir de lo hallado, las evidencias apuntan a que el aumento de riesgo no depende de la tipología familiar, al contrario de lo que pasa con el sexo, a su vez el consumo de tabaco, alcohol, cocaína, inhalantes, sedantes y opiáceos dependen de variaciones.

Introduction: The level of risk of consumption is established from the exposure that a person has to certain risk factors or individual, family, or social characteristics, which enable or increase the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS). Objective: The purpose of this study was to relate the level of risk of PAS consumption with the problematic use of video games and social networks, in order to establish their possible role as social risk factors. Method: A quantitative study was carried out with a non-experimental cross-sectional design of descriptive correlational scope with the participation of 736 students. The sociodemographic questionnaire, ASSIST 3,1 screening test, social network addiction questionnaire ARS and the Video Game Related Experiences Questionnaire CERV were used as data collection instruments. Results: It was found Some results suggest greater exposure to the consumption of alcoholic substances, tobacco derivatives, cannabis derivatives and higher levels in the problematic use of social networks and video games. Conclusions: From what was found, the evidence points to the fact that increased risk does not depend on family typology, contrary to what happens with sex, in turn the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, inhalants, sedatives and opiates depend on variations.

Predictores del uso problemático del teléfono celular en adolescentes costarricenses

(analítico) Este artículo tiene por objetivo investigar los efectos del apoyo familiar y del grupo de pares, junto con la satisfacción con la vida, sobre el uso problemático de los teléfonos celulares entre los adolescentes costarricenses. Basado en datos de la encuesta nacional Global Kids Online, se desarrollaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para predecir el uso problemático de teléfonos celulares de adolescentes (M = 14.8, n = 530). Los resultados muestran que el apoyo entre pares correlaciona positiva y directamente con el uso problemático del teléfono celular, mientras que la percepción de la satisfacción con la vida tiene una correlación opuesta, funcionando como un factor protector. El apoyo del grupo de pares y, más aún, el apoyo familiar, ejercen efectos indirectos sobre el uso problemático del teléfono móvil.

(analytical) This study aimed to research the effects of family support and peer group support, along with the life satisfaction, on the problematic use of cell phones among costa rican adolescents. Based on data from the national survey Global Kids Online, structural equation models were developed in order to predict the problematic use of cell phones of adolescents investigated in this study (M=14.8, n = 530). The main findings indicate that peer support has a positive and direct correlation with the problematic use of the cell phone, while the perception of the life satisfaction is correlated in the opposite direction, functioning as a protective factor. Peer and family support have an indirect protective effect against the problematic use of cell phones, stronger in the case of family support.

(analítico) Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar os efeitos do apoio familiar e do grupo de pares, juntamente com a satisfação com a vida, no uso problemático de telefones celulares entre adolescentes costarriquenhos. Com base nos dados da pesquisa nacional Global Kids Online, foram desenvolvidos modelos de equações estruturais para prever o uso problemático de celulares dos adolescentes investigados neste estudo (13 a 17 anos; n = 530). Os principais achados indicam correlação positiva e direta do apoio dos pares com o uso problemático do celular, enquanto a perceção da satisfação com a vida está correlacionada de maneira inversa, funcionando como fator de proteção. O apoio dos pares e da família tem um efeito protetor indireto contra o uso problemático de telefones celulares, mais forte no caso do apoio familiar.

Potential categories of problematic mobile phone use and sleep quality in adolescents: the chain mediating role of interpersonal distress and depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore relationships between problematic mobile phone use and interpersonal distress, depression and sleep quality using a combined variable- and person-centered approach.Methods:From December 2021 to January 2022, a total of 851 middle school students were measured by the mobile phone addiction index scale, the college students interpersonal comprehensive diagnostic scale, the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, and the Chinese version of Pittsburg sleep quality index. Common method bias test, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software, and Mplus 8.8 software was used to construct structural equation models for latent profile analysis.Results:The score of problematic mobile phone use was(47.23±14.50), the score of interpersonal distress was(8.72±5.68), the score of depression was(14.80±10.28), the score of sleep quality was(5.51±2.78). Variable-centered analysis revealed that problematic mobile phone use had a significant direct effect on sleep quality (effect value=0.22, 95% CI=0.11-0.34), accounting for 40.74% of the total effect. The mediating effect of depression was found between problematic mobile phone use and sleep quality (effect value=0.08, 95% CI=0.03-0.14), accounting for 14.81% of the total effect. Interpersonal distress and depression had a chain mediating effect between problematic mobile phone use and sleep quality(effect value=0.22, 95% CI=0.16-0.30), accounting for 40.74%(0.22/0.54) of the total effect. Person-centered analysis revealed that problematic mobile phone use was divided into three potential profiles: mild use group(26.1%), moderate use group(54.7%) and severe use group(19.2%). Depression(moderate use group: effect size=0.05, 95% CI=0.02-0.10; severe use group: effect size=0.07, 95% CI=0.02-0.12) and interpersonal distress-depression(moderate use group: effect size=0.13, 95% CI=0.09-0.18; severe use group: effect size=0.21, 95% CI=0.15-0.28) had a significant relative mediating effect between problematic mobile phone use profiles and sleep quality. Conclusion:Adolescent problematic mobile phone use is heterogeneous, with both variable-centered and person-centered results indicating that depression and interpersonal distress-depression mediated the effects of adolescent problematic mobile phone use on sleep quality.

Valoración del empleo del vínculo interdisciplinariedad-enseñanza problémica durante la formación del profesional de Cultura Física / Avaliação do uso do vínculo interdisciplinar-problemático de ensino durante o treinamento do profissional de Cultura Física / Assessment of the use of the interdisciplinarity-teaching problem link during the training of the Physical Culture professional

RESUMEN Introducción: En la Educación Superior, el empleo de la interdisciplinariedad y la enseñanza problémica durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje favorece el incremento del aprendizaje y la calidad de la formación de los futuros profesionales. Debido a esta razón adquiere notable significado la búsqueda de medios o recursos que posibiliten su integración y utilización. Objetivo: a partir de un estudio explicativo, la investigación persiguió el propósito de valorar el empleo del vínculo interdisciplinariedad-enseñanza problémica en las clases de las asignaturas de la carrera Licenciatura en Cultura Física. Materiales y métodos: para obtener información se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, tales como: el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, revisión de documentos, observación y encuesta. Resultados: se aportan los elementos que respaldan la integración de la interdisciplinariedad a categorías de la enseñanza problémica como son la situación problémica, problema docente y las tareas, lo que posibilitará su empleo en las clases durante el proceso de formación del profesional de Cultura Física. Conclusiones: El estudio realizado permitió comprobar deficiencias manifiestas en los conocimientos y procedimientos didácticos insuficientes sobre el uso del vínculo interdisciplinariedad-problema de enseñanza.

SÍNTESE Introdução: No Ensino Superior, o uso da interdisciplinaridade e do ensino baseado em problemas durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem favorece um aumento da aprendizagem e da qualidade da formação dos futuros profissionais. Por esta razão, a busca de meios ou recursos que possibilitem sua integração e utilização assume um significado considerável. Objetivo: com base em um estudo explicativo, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o uso do vínculo interdisciplinar-problema de ensino nas aulas das disciplinas do curso de graduação em Cultura Física. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos para obter informações, tais como: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, revisão de documentos, observação e pesquisa. Resultados: são fornecidos os elementos que apoiam a integração da interdisciplinaridade nas categorias de ensino problêmico, tais como a situação problêmica, problema de ensino e tarefas, o que permitirá sua utilização nas aulas durante o processo de formação do profissional de Cultura Física. Conclusões: O estudo realizado permitiu verificar deficiências manifestas no conhecimento e procedimentos didáticos insuficientes sobre o uso do vínculo interdisciplinaridade-problema de ensino.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Higher Education, the use of interdisciplinarity and problematic teaching during the teaching-learning process favors the increase in learning and the quality of the training of future professionals. Due to this reason, the search for means or resources that enable its integration and use acquires considerable significance. Objective: Based on an explanatory study, the research pursued the purpose of assessing the use of the interdisciplinary-teaching problem link in the classes of the subjects of the Degree in Physical Culture. Materials and methods: To obtain information, theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, document review, observation and survey. Results: The elements that support the integration of interdisciplinarity to problem teaching categories such as the problem situation, teaching problem and tasks are provided, which will enable their use in classes during the training process of the Physical Culture professional. Conclusions: The study carried out made it possible to verify manifest deficiencies in insufficient didactic knowledge and procedures on the use of the interdisciplinarity-teaching problem link.

Mediating effect of life satisfaction between child neglect and problematic mobile phone use of middle school students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore whether life satisfaction has a mediating effect between child neglect and middle school student’ problematic mobile phone use.Methods:Totally 1 692 middle school students from four middle schools of Xiamen in June 2020 were selected by cluster stratified sampling.The self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use (SQAPMPU), child neglect scale (CNS) and quality of life scale for children and adolescents (QLSCA) were used for the survey. SPSS 23.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and the mediating effect analysis.Results:The scores of CNS, QLSCA and SQAPMPU were (24.45±14.28), (134.44±19.34), (23.20±8.94)respectively.And the detection rate of problematic mobile phone use was 23.6%. There were significant differences in the scores of SQAPMPU scale in different grades, father's education degrees, mother's education degrees and monthly pocket money(all P<0.05). In SQAPMPU, high school students scored significantly higher than junior school students( t=-2.403, P=0.016), adolescents with undergrate education of their father and mother scored the lowest( F=3.411, P=0.017; F=2.729, P=0.043), adolescents with monthly pocket money of "500-1 000" and "1 000-2 000" scored significantly higher than those with monthly pocket money of "under 500". The total scores and sub scores of child neglect were significantly positively correlated with the total scores and sub scores of problematic mobile phone use ( r=0.177-0.360, all P<0.05). The total scores and sub scores of life satisfaction were significantly negative correlated with the total scores and sub scores of problematic mobile phone use ( r==-0.508--0.250, all P<0.05). Child neglect had a positive predictive effect on problematic mobile phone use ( t=15.598, R2=0.130, P<0.05), but had a negative predictive effect on life satisfaction ( t=-27.798, R2=0.321, P<0.05). There were the part intermediary role of life satisfaction between child neglect and problematic mobile phone use( t=-13.937, R2=0.222, P<0.05), and the mediating effect accounted for 58.29% of the total effect. Conclusion:The neglected experience in childhood of adolescents not only can directly affect problematic mobile phone use, but also can affect the problematic mobile phone use by affecting life satisfaction.

Preliminary development of problematic short video media use scale for university students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To develop the problematic short video use scale for college students in the context of Chinese culture, and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The questionnaire items were established based on bibliographic retrieval method, interviewing method and social investigation method.Totally 275 college students were selected as subjects for item analysis and exploratory analysis, and 642 college students were selected for confirmatory factor analysis, validity analysis and reliability analysis. One month later, 112 college students were retested and test-retest reliability data were collected. SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 softwares were used for correlation analysis, reliability and validity analysis of the questionnaires.Results:(1) The formal questionnaire contained three dimensions, 13 items in total, and the three dimensions were change of knowledge and behavior, physical discomfort and social viscosity. The internal consistency coefficients of three dimensions were 0.794, 0.820, and 0.716, respectively. The item load ranged from 0.577 to 0.805, and the variance contribution rate was 64.803%. (2) The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that χ2/ df=2.39, SRMR=0.038, RMSEA=0.047, CFI=0.970, TLI=0.963, indicated that the three-factor structure accords with the requirements of psychometrics. (3) The split-half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.885, Cronbach's α was 0.882, and the test-retest reliability after one month was 0.991. The internal consistency reliability of the total questionnaire and each dimension ranged 0.716-0.882. Conclusion:The problematic short video media use scale has good psychometric indicators and it benefits the studies of problematic short video use among Chinese college students.

The Phubbing Scale (PS-8) in the Portuguese population: psychometric properties

Phubbing is defined as ignoring other individuals by using a mobile phone during a face-to-face conversation. The Phubbing Scale (PS) was developed to assess this practice. In this study, we analyze the psychometric properties of the 8-item version of the PS (PS-8) in the Portuguese population, providing validity evidence based on internal structure and on relationships with other variables, and examining item properties, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender. Participants were 391 Portuguese adults (132 men, 259 women) who completed a battery of questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices for the two-factor structure (communication disturbance and phone obsession), which was invariant across gender. Item homogeneity and reliability of factor scores (McDonald's omega) were satisfactory. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was provided by positive associations with time spent on the Internet on weekdays and at the weekend, time spent on social networking sites, number of social networks used, Internet addiction, problematic mobile phone use, Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, and depression. These associations show the addictive component of phubbing and its relationship with mental health. The PS-8 is a short and easy-to-administer scale with adequate psychometric properties for measuring phubbing in the Portuguese population. (AU)

Relación entre el uso problemático de Facebook y la evitación experiencial en jóvenes colombianos / Relationship between the Problematic Use of Facebook and Experiential Avoidance in Young Colombians

Resumen Las tecnologias facilitan la comunicación y la interacción e influyen en los comportamientos y actitudes. Sin embargo, pueden causar impacto negativo cuando interneren en las actividades cotidianas y afectan la salud mental, física y social. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre el uso problemático de Facebook, la evitación experiencial y los componentes de la teoría biopsicosocial. Estudio de tipo correlacional con diseno transversal no experimental. En total participaron 677 jóvenes colombianos, que diligenciaron de manera voluntaria los cuestionarios de datos sociodemográficos, la escala de Aceptación y Acción-II (AAQ-II) y la escala de Adicción a Facebook de Bergen (BFAS). Los resultados muestran que los hombres presentaron mayor uso problemático de la red social y puntuaron más alto en los componentes de abstinencia y conflicto. Se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre el uso problemático, la evitación experiencial y todos los componentes de la teoría biopsicosocial. En conclusión, la evitación experiencial aporta a la comprensión del uso problemático de Facebook desde el análisis funcional y la teoría Biopsicosocial que orienta en la identificación de la sintomatología adictiva; estos hallazgos permiten direccionar futuras intervenciones.

Abstract Technologies facilitate communication and interaction, and influence behavior and attitudes. However, they can have a negative impact when they interfere with everyday activities that affect mental, physical, and social health. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the problematic use Facebook, experiential avoidance, and components of the biopsychosocial theory. This study was of a correlational type with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. A total of 677 young Colombians participated, who voluntarily filled out the socio-demographic data questionnaires, the Acceptance and Action-II scale (AAQ-II), and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). The results show that men present more problematic use of the social network and scored higher on the abstinence and conflict components. A significant positive relationship was found between the problematic use, experiential avoidance, and all components of the biopsychosocial theory. In conclusion, the experiential avoidance contributes to the understanding of the problematic use Facebook from the functional analysis, and the biopsychosocial theory guides in the identification of the addictive symptomatology. These findings allow directing future interventions.

To study problematic eating behavior and its association with early childhood caries among 36–71-month-old children using children eating behavior questionnaire

Context: Problematic eating behavior pattern prevalent in children can be a potential risk factor for Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Pediatric dentist must be vigilant to enquire about eating behavior pattern and guide parents comprehensively. Aim: The aim of this study is to find the association between problematic ECC among 36–71-month-old children. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2000 children from both the sex and various socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods: A questionnaire was made to assess the personal information and problematic eating behavior of the child using Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) which was filled by parents. Clinical examinations were performed on the date of questionnaire collection and caries diagnosis was done in the dentition status part of “WHO oral health assessment form 2013.” Statistical Analysis Used: The software used for the statistical analysis was SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 16.0. Results: The prevalence of ECC in the study sample was 42.6%. Out of eight domains into which problematic eating behavior was divided, domains Emotional Overeating (EOE), Satiety Responsiveness (SR), Slowness of Eating (SE), Desire to Drink, Food Fussiness, and Emotional Under eating were significantly associated with ECC. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between problematic eating behavior and ECC; such behavior should be recognized at early stages and interrupted so that the risk of developing caries in permanent dentition could be prevented.

Contributions to the taxonomy of Trachelyopterus (Siluriformes): comparative cytogenetic analysis in three species of Auchenipteridae

Auchenipteridae is divided into subfamilies Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. Parauchenipterus is included in the latter and is subject of taxonomic discussions concerning its validation or synonymization with Trachelyopterus. Herein, three species from two hydrographic basins were cytogenetically analyzed: Parauchenipterus striatulus from Doce River and two sympatric species, P. galeatus and Trachelyopterus coriaceus, from the Araguaia River. Diploid number of 58 chromosomes was verified for all species, but P. striatulus has different karyotype formula from the others. The three species have heterochromatin located in terminal regions of almost all chromosomes and in pericentromeric region on acrocentric chromosomes. Simple NORs was verified on a subtelocentric chromosome for all species. 5S rDNA sites were detected in three submetacentric chromosome pairs in P. striatulus; in a metacentric chromosome pair and submetacentric pair in T. coriaceus; and in one metacentric chromosome pair in P. galeatus. The similarities found in the karyotypes of the three species suggest the existence of only one genus, Trachelyopterus; therefore, our data refutes the validation of Parauchenipterus. Moreover, the differences in 5S rDNA distribution in P. galeatus in comparison with other populations already studied, indicate the existence of a new taxonomic unit, which suggests a species complex in P. galeatus.(AU)

Auchenipteridae é dividida nas subfamílias Centromochlinae e Auchenipterinae. Parauchenipterus encontra-se incluído na última e tem sido alvo de discussões relacionadas com a problemática taxonômica de validação ou sinonimização com Trachelyopterus. Foram analisadas citogeneticamente três espécies de duas bacias hidrográficas: Parauchenipterus striatulus do rio Doce, P. galeatus e Trachelyopterus coriaceus, simpátricas do rio Araguaia. Todas as espécies analisadas apresentaram número diploide de 58 cromossomos, com diferença na fórmula cariotípica de P. striatulus. A heterocromatina foi localizada nas regiões terminais de quase todos os cromossomos e na região pericentromérica nos cromossomos acrocêntricos das três espécies. AgNORs e DNAr 18S detectaram RONs simples em um par de cromossomos subtelocêntricos nas três espécies. DNAr 5S foi detectado em três pares de cromossomos submetacêntricos em P. striatulus; em um par de cromossomos metacêntricos e um par submetacêntrico em T. coriaceus; e em apenas um par de cromossomos metacêntricos em P. galeatus. As semelhanças encontradas nos cariótipos das três espécies analisadas indicam a existência de somente Trachelyopterus (não validação de Parauchenipterus) e a diferença encontrada na distribuição de DNAr 5S de P. galeatus em relação às outras populações já estudadas sugere a existência de uma nova unidade taxonômica, portanto P. galeatus compreende um complexo de espécies.(AU)

Social media use in patients with fibromyalgia and its effect on symptom severity and sleep quality

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate social media use in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and determine the effect of social media use on disease severity and sleep quality. Materials and methods: In total, 205 social media using patients with similar characteristics were included in the study. The study group consisted of 103 patients with FMS, and the control group consisted of 102 patients without FMS. The FMS symptom severity scale and diffuse pain index were used to determine the disease severity in FMS patients, the sleep disorder short form questionnaire (PROMIS) was used to evaluate sleep quality, and the Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form was used to evaluate social media addiction. A visual analog scale was applied to evaluate pain in both the patient and control groups, and social media usage times were recorded. Results: We found that pain severity, sleep disturbance and social media addiction were higher in patients with FMS than in the control group, and there was no relationship between the rates of social media use in patients with FMS and the severity and prevalence of the disease. Conclusion: The use of social media is more frequent in patients with FMS, which can motivate healthcare professionals to evaluate social media habits in individuals with FMS.

Self-Reported - Problematic Smartphone Usage: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The number of smartphone users in India isshowing a rapidly increasing trend in the last few years. Theexpected user base is nearly one in three by 2021 in India.The evidence on compulsive smartphone use is growingmaking it an addiction along with raising concerns on othermental health issues. The current study aimed to find out theextent of problematic smart phone usage and various variablesassociated with smart phone addiction in the study population.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study wasconducted on 186 participants. Responses were recordedonline through a questionnaire on SAS-SV and analyzed bydescriptive statistics.Results: Study showed 24.2% (45 participants) of studypopulation have smart phone addiction. Male gender, earlyexposure to smart phone, low income, and residence in a citypredicted problematic smart phone usage.Conclusion: People across ages, residence, occupation, andsocial strata are involved with smart phone with one in fourbeing problematic smart phone users.

Shyness and Psychological Well-Being as Predictors of Problematic Internet Use Among Students in Pakistan / La timidez y el bienestar psicológico como predictores del uso problemático de Internet entre estudiantes en Pakistán / Timidez e bem-estar psicológico como preditores do uso problemático da Internet entre estudantes no Paquistão

Abstract: This research was aimed to study the relationship between the variables of shyness and psychological well-being as the predictors of problematic internet use (PIU). The study was carried out on a sample of 400 students. The sample included 191 men (47.8%) and 209 women (52.2%) from University of Sargodha. The age range of participants in the sample was 18 to 24 years (M= 21,S.D= 4.24). The three variables of the study including shyness, psychological well-being, and problematic internet use were assessed with the shyness questionnaire, flourishing scale, and internet addiction test scale (IAT), respectively. To determine the psychometric soundness of instruments, descriptive and internal consistency levels of all the study variables were measured. The main statistical analyses included correlation, t-test, and regression analysis. The correlational analysis of overall results revealed the significant positive correlation of shyness and a significant negative correlation of psychological well-being with problematic internet use. The t-test revealed that problematic internet use and psychological well-being were significantly different according to gender. Furthermore, the results of linear regression analysis divulged that shyness positively predicts problematic internet use, while psychological well-being negatively predicts problematic internet use. Also, regression analysis on the gender indicated that being male was a predictor of greater PIU. Implications of the study along with its limitations were discussed and recommendations for further research were highly suggested.

Resumen: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la relación entre las variables de timidez y bienestar psicológico como predictores del uso problemático de Internet. El estudio se realizó en una muestra de 400 estudiantes. La muestra incluyó 191 hombres (47,8%) y 209 mujeres (52,2%) de la Universidad de Sargodha. El rango de edad de los participantes de la muestra fue de 18 a 24 años (M = 21, SD = 4,24). Las tres variables del estudio, incluida la timidez, el bienestar psicológico y el uso problemático de Internet, se evaluaron con el cuestionario de timidez, la escala de florecimiento y la escala de prueba de adicción a Internet (IAT), respectivamente. Para determinar la solidez psicométrica de los instrumentos se midieron los niveles de consistencia descriptiva e interna de todas las variables de estudio. Los principales análisis estadísticos incluyeron correlación, prueba t y análisis de regresión. El análisis correlacional de los resultados generales reveló la correlación positiva significativa de la timidez y una correlación negativa significativa del bienestar psicológico con el uso problemático de Internet. La prueba t reveló que el uso problemático de Internet y el bienestar psicológico eran significativamente diferentes según el género. Además, los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal divulgaron que la timidez predice positivamente el uso problemático de Internet, mientras que el bienestar psicológico predice negativamente el uso problemático de Internet. Además, el análisis de regresión sobre el género indicó que ser hombre era un predictor de mayor uso problemático de internet. Se discutieron las implicaciones del estudio junto con sus limitaciones y se sugirieron encarecidamente recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a relação entre as variáveis timidez e bem-estar psicológico como preditores do uso problemático da internet. O estudo foi realizado em uma amostra de400) alunos. A amostra incluiu 191 homens (47,8%) e 209 mulheres (52,2%)da Universidade de Sargodha. A faixa etária dos participantes da amostra foi de 18 a 24 anos (M = 21, S.D = 4,24). As três variáveis do estudo, incluindo timidez, bem-estar psicológico e uso problemático da internet, foram avaliadas com o questionário de timidez, escala de florescimento e escala de teste de vício em internet (IAT), respectivamente. Para determinar a solidez psicométrica dos instrumentos, foram medidos os níveis de consistência descritiva e interna de todas as variáveis ​​do estudo. As principais análises estatísticas incluíram correlação, teste t e análise de regressão. A análise correlacional dos resultados gerais revelou a correlação positiva significativa da timidez e uma correlação negativa significativa do bem-estar psicológico com o uso problemático da internet. O teste t revelou que o uso problemático da Internet e o bem-estar psicológico foram significativamente diferentes de acordo com o gênero. Além disso, os resultados da análise de regressão linear divulgaram que a timidez prediz positivamente o uso problemático da Internet, enquanto o bem-estar psicológico prediz negativamente o uso problemático da Internet. Além disso, a análise de regressão sobre o sexo indicou que ser do sexo masculino foi um preditor de maioruso problemático da internet. As implicações do estudo juntamente com suas limitações foram discutidas e recomendações para pesquisas futuras foram altamente sugeridas.

Adherencia terapéutica y factores implicados en jóvenes y adultos con consumo problemático de sustancias / Therapeutic adherence and factors involved in young people and adults with problematic substance use

Introducción: La adherencia terapéutica comprende aquellos comportamientos del sujeto que se corresponden con las recomendaciones acordadas por el profesional de salud. Es un fenómeno complejo y determinado por diversos factores. Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia terapéutica y los factores implicados, en jóvenes y adultos con consumo problemático de sustancias, desde la caracterización de los usuarios y los profesionales. Metodología: Estudio ex post facto exploratorio/descriptivo con diseño mixto. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios ad hoc, se utilizaron historias clínicas y una grilla de observación. Participaron 31 usuarios y 6 profesionales (psicólogos y psiquiatras) de ambos sexos de una institución psiquiátrica privada. Resultados: La mayoría de los usuarios adhieren al tratamiento, especialmente aquellos de sexo masculino, de 41 a 50 años, solteros y con secundario completo. Presentaban apoyo social, recursos económicos para realizar el tratamiento, situación laboral activa y donde la creencia popular sobre el consumo no afectaba al tratamiento. A su vez, contaba con antecedentes de tratamientos anteriores y presentaba comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Esto concuerda con lo expresado por médicos psiquiatras, de sexo masculino, con edad entre 36 a 40 años. Discusión: En la muestra investigada, según la caracterización de los usuarios y los profesionales, la mayoría de los usuarios se adhirieron al tratamiento.

Introduction: The therapeutic adherence includes those behaviors of the subject that correspond to the recommendations agreed by the health professional. It is a complex phenomenon and determined by several factors. Objective: To analyze the therapeutic adherence and the factors involved, in young people and adults with problematic substance use, from the characterization of users and professionals. Methodology: Ex post-exploratory / descriptive study with mixed design. Two ad hoc questionnaires were applied, clinical histories and an observation grid were used. Participants were 31 users and 6 professionals (psychologists and psychiatrists) of both sexes from a private psychiatric institution. Results:The majority of users adhere to the treatment, especially those of male sex, from 41 to 50 years old, single and with full secondary. They presented social support, economic resources to carry out the treatment, active labor situation and where the popular belief about the consumption did not affect the treatment. In turn, he had a history of previous treatments and had psychiatric comorbidity. This agrees with that expressed by psychiatrists, male, aged between 36 and 40 years. Discussion: In the sample investigated, according to the characterization of users and professionals, the majority of users adhered to the treatment.

Assessment of mobile phone problematic usage and associated health related symptoms among medical students at Goa Medical College

Background: Mobile Phones can be considered as one of the essential socio-personal utility with diverse features but its overuse may have negative consequences on health. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of mobile phone problematic usage among the medical students and to study the association of health related symptoms and problematic mobile phone usage.Methods: A total of 250 medical students were included in this study. Data regarding the sociodemographic factors and perceived health symptoms related to mobile phone use was collected on a predesigned, structured and self-administered questionnaire. Mobile phone problem use scale (MPPUS) was employed to assess the problematic usage of mobile phone and students were classified into following four categories - casual users (<74), regular users (75-143), at risk users (>143-<179) and problematic users (>179).Results: The total prevalence of problematic users was 22% (17.2% at risk, 4.8% problematic users). Eye strain, concentration difficulties, memory disturbances, morning tiredness, headache, sleep disturbances, painful fingers and restlessness were significantly associated with at risk and problematic users.Conclusions: Multiple health symptoms were associated with problematic use of mobile phones among the medical students. MPPUS is a useful tool which can be used to identify problematic usage of mobile phones.

Estudos descritivos e experimentais em contextos aplicados: dados científicos e impacto prático / Descriptive and experimental studies in applied contexts / Estudios descriptivos y experimentales en contextos aplicados

O presente artigo se propôs apresentar, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos, livros e capítulos de livro, dados da produção intelectual docente e discente oriundos do Programa Stricto Sensu em Psicologia da PUC Goiás, entre os anos 2003 e 2019. Os dados dos estudos possibilitaram ilustrar características do modo de fazer ciência em análise do comportamento aplicada, com destaque a seus métodos e princípios, e ao comportamento-alvo sob estudo. Também permitiram discutir o impacto prático desses estudos. Os resultados mostraram uma maior concentração de estudos descritivos e/ou experimentais em periódicos que abarcam diferentes aspectos do comportamento emitidos por pessoas diagnosticadas com algum transtorno mental, assim como por pessoas que não apresentam diagnóstico psiquiátrico, os quais estavam sob controle de variáveis ambientais testadas nas condições experimentais.

This article aims at presenting the intellectual research of professors and students from the Psychology University of PUC Goiás between the years of 2003 and 2019. The findings made possible to exemplify the human behavior analysis science, highlighting its methods and principles, as well as the target behavior under study. The findings also allowed a discussion of the practical impact of these studies. The results showed a greater concentration of descriptive and/or experimental studies in journals covering different behavioral aspects from people diagnosed with some mental disorder, as well as people who did not present any psychiatric diagnosis but were under control of environmental variables tested in experimental conditions.

El presente artículo se propuso presentar, a partir de levantamiento bibliográfico en periódicos, libros y capítulos de libro, datos de la producción intelectual docente y discente oriundos del Programa Stricto Sensu en Psicología de la PUC Goiás, entre los años 2003 y 2019. Los datos de los estudios que posibilitaron ilustrar características del modo de hacer ciencia en análisis del comportamiento aplicado, con destaque a sus métodos y principios, y al comportamiento objetivo en estudio. También permitieron discutir el impacto práctico de estos estudios. Los resultados mostraron una mayor concentración de estudios descriptivos y/o experimentales en periódicos que abarcan diferentes aspectos del comportamiento emitidos por personas diagnosticadas con algún trastorno mental, así como por personas que no presentan diagnóstico psiquiátrico, los cuales estaban bajo control de variables ambientales probadas en las condiciones experimentales.

Prevalence of problematic online gaming among undergraduate medical students and its relation to well-being, self-esteem and depressive mood in Goa, India

Background: Online video games are one of the most popular recreational activities irrespective of age, gender and culture. Gaming disorder has been recently included in the 11th Revision of the international classification of diseases (ICD-11). Thus online video game addiction among people is a serious mental health issue and unfortunately, research on this addiction is still in its infancy. Thus the present study examines the prevalence of problematic online gaming among undergraduate medical students and its association with demographic variables, and health-related measures like well-being, self-esteem and depressive mood.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate students of Goa medical college using online survey method. Problematic online gaming was assessed using the problematic online gaming questionnaire short form (POGQ-SF). Additionally, well-being was assessed using the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), self-esteem was assessed using Rosenberg’s self- esteem scale (RSES) and depressive mood was assessed using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9).Results: According to POGQ-SF, 8% of the study participants showed problematic online gaming. It was significantly associated with sex of the study participants, frequency of online gaming, duration of internet use per day and duration of a gaming session.Conclusions: Playing online games is a widespread activity among undergraduate medical students and a substantial proportion of these students exhibit addictive behaviours with regards to online gaming. Further research in terms of longitudinal studies involving larger samples of general population is needed to throw light on causal relationship between problematic online gaming and related factors.

Adição à internet ou uso problemático da internet? Qual dos termos usar? / Dépendance à Internet ou utilisation problématique d'Internet? Quel terme utiliser? / Adición a Internet o uso problemático de Internet: ¿Qué término usar? / Internet addiction or problematic internet use? Which term should be used?

Resumo O uso da internet tem aumentado exponencialmente a nível mundial. Ainda que ele não seja por si só negativo, já que integra benefícios vários, alguns indivíduos parecem exibir problemas relacionados com o seu uso excessivo, descontrolado e disfuncional. Consequentemente, tem sido crescente, particularmente nas últimas duas décadas, o interesse dos investigadores em explorar este uso, quando excessivo e pouco saudável. Porém, e sendo um tema/constructo tratado por diferentes autores com quadros teóricos também diferentes, são vários os termos usados na literatura para descrever este fenómeno. Neste sentido, este artigo propõe-se a apresentar o trabalho uma revisão de literatura de dois dos conceitos mais usados e espartilhados na literatura científica, ou seja, adição à internet e uso problemático da internet.

Résumé L'utilisation d' Internet a augmenté de manière exponentielle dans le monde. Bien que l'utilisation d' Internet ne soit pas négative en soi, étant donné qu'elle intègre plusieurs avantages, certaines personnes semblent présenter des problèmes liés à son utilisation excessive, incontrôlée et dysfonctionnelle. En conséquence, l'intérêt des chercheurs pour exploiter cet usage, qu'il soit excessif ou malsain, a augmenté, particulièrement au cours des deux dernières décennies. Cependant, étant un thème/construit traité par différents auteurs avec différents cadres théoriques, plusieurs termes sont utilisés dans la littérature pour décrire ce phénomène. En ce sens, nous proposons de présenter dans cet ouvrage une analyse de deux des concepts les plus utilisés et les plus partagés dans la littérature scientifique, à savoir l'addition à internet et son utilisation problématique.

Resumen El uso de Internet ha aumentado exponencialmente a nivel mundial. Aunque esto no es por sí solo negativo ya que integra diversos beneficios, algunos individuos parecen presentar problemas relacionados con su uso excesivo, descontrolado y disfuncional. En consecuencia, en las últimas dos décadas ha aumentado cada vez más el interés de los investigadores en estudiar este uso, cuando es excesivo o poco saludable. Sin embargo, y siendo un tema/constructo tratado por diferentes autores con cuadros teóricos también diferentes, son varios los términos usados en la literatura para describir este fenómeno. En este sentido, nos proponemos presentar en este trabajo una revisión de dos de los conceptos más usados y más divididos en la literatura científica, es decir, adición a Internet y uso problemático de Internet.

Abstract Internet use has increased exponentially worldwide. Although the use itself is not negative, since it integrates several benefits, some individuals seem to show problems related to its excessive, uncontrolled, and dysfunctional use. Therefore, the interest of researchers in exploring this use, when it is excessive and unhealthy, has been growing, especially in the last two decades. However, being a subject/construct treated by different authors with different theoretical frameworks, several terms are used in the literature to describe this phenomenon. Regarding this, this article proposes to present a literature review of two of the most used and shared concepts in the scientific literature, that is, internet addiction and problematic internet use.