Mídia e a produção do sujeito jogador de futebol profissional / Media and the production of the professional soccer player

Este artigo tem como objetivo visibilizar e problematizar a constituição do sujeito jogador de futebol profissional na sociedade contemporânea. Como ferramenta metodológica, utilizou-se a análise das práticas discursivas provenientes de materiais midiáticos, articuladas com as regularidades de enunciados construídos pelos campos de conhecimento na produção dos modos de subjetivação deste profissional. Para a análise, selecionou-se o material proveniente da mídia impressa – Jornal Zero Hora, de Porto Alegre, especialmente, em um período que caracterizou-se pelo surgimento de um atleta jovem na categoria profissional. Como resultado, pode ser visibilizado que o jogador de futebol profissional é constituído na contemporaneidade pelos modos de subjetivação através dos imperativos dos investimentos técnicos e do lucro. O sujeito é submetido a intensa produção de metodologias dos campos de saber para aperfeiçoamento para um alto-rendimento e por consequência estar de acordo com as exigências de qualificações do mercado profissional...

This paper aims to visualize and problematize the constitution of the professional football player in contemporary society. As a methodological tool, it is used to analysis the discursive practices from media materials, articulated with the regularities of statements constructed by knowledge fields in the production of professional modes of subjectivity. It was selected for analysis, a media material came from diaries, especially the period characterized by the emergence of a young athlete in the professional category and have earned attention from media. As a result, it can be visualized that the contemporary professional soccer player is composed by the modes of subjectivity through the imperatives of technical investment and profit on body. It is remarkably seen the production of methodological knowledge on athletes, that turns to a high performance...

Efeito do treinamento físico específico nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas em repouso e no exercício máximo em jogadores de futebol profissional / Effect of specific exercise training in metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses at rest and maximum exercise in professional soccer players

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as alterações provocadas pelo treinamento físico específico (TFE) nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas de 16 jogadores de futebol profissional, com média de idade de 24,2 ± 3,6 anos. Todos os atletas foram avaliados antes e depois de quinze semanas de um programa de TFE, durante período competitivo. Os futebolistas foram submetidos a teste máximo em esteira rolante, utilizando-se o protocolo de Ellestad20. A resposta de freqüência cardíaca (FC) foi registrada por meio de um eletrocardiógrafo de 3 derivações simultâneas e a pressão arterial (PA), por meio de método auscultatório. A ventilação pulmonar (V E), o consumo de oxigênio (VO2), a produção de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) e a razão de troca respiratória (RER) foram calculados a partir de valores medidos por um sistema espirométrico computadorizado (Beckman) e a capacidade anaeróbia máxima, por meio da concentração sanguínea de ácido lático, utilizando-se analisador automático. O TFE não modificou significativamente a FC máxima (192 ± 8 vs. 186 ± 6bpm) e a PA sistólica máxima (196 ± 10 vs. 198 ± 8mmHg). A resposta ventilatória máxima foi significativamente aumentada (129 ± 19 vs. 140 ± 16L.min_1 [p< 0.05]), enquanto a capacidade aeróbia máxima não foi significativamente modificada (50,0 ± 6,0 vs. 53,0 ± 5,0ml.kg._1min_1) por esse treinamento. Ao contrário, a capacidade anaeróbia máxima aumentou significativamente (8,3 ± 0,2 vs. 9,8 ± 2,4mmol.L_1 [p< 0,05]). Concluiu-se: 1) o TFE não modificou as respostas de FC e PA no repouso e no exercício máximo; 2) a maior V E no exercício máximo associada a elevada concentração sanguínea de ácido lático demonstraram que o TFE utilizado nesse estudo foi caracterizado por exercícios predominantemente intensos; e 3) o TFE não representou estímulo adequado para aumentar a capacidade aeróbia máxima dos futebolistas.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of specific training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in sixteen male professional soccer players, aged 24.2 ± 3.6 years old. They were evaluated before and after fifteen weeks of specific training. All subjects were submitted to an exercise test on treadmill, using Ellestad's protocol. The heart rate was recorded by means of ECG, and the arterial blood pressure by auscultatory measurement. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, and pulmonary ventilation were measured by a Measurement Metabolic Cart (Beckman). Maximum anaerobic capacity was evaluated by blood lactate concentration, using an automated analyzer. Specific training did not modify the maximum heart rate (192 ± 8 vs. 186 ± 6 beats.min_1) and the maximum systolic blood pressure (196 ± 10 vs. 198 ± 8 mmHg). Maximum respiratory ventilation was significantly increased by specific training (129 ± 19 vs. 140 ± 16 L.min_1), whereas maximum aerobic capacity was not significantly increased (50 ± 6 vs. 53 ± 5 ml.kg._1 min_1 ofO2). On the other hand, maximum aerobic capacity improved significantly (8.3 ± 0.2 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4 mmol.L_1). Conclusion: 1) the specific training used in the present study did not modify heart rate and arterial blood pressure responses at rest and during maximum exercises; 2) improvement of maximum pulmonary ventilation and higher lactic acid concentrations during maximum exercise showed that the exercise training used in this study was predominantly characterized by intense exercise, and 3) specific training was not an adequate stimulus to improve maximum aerobic capacity of the soccer players.

Cardiopulmonary Response to Maximal Exercise Loading in Professional Soccer Players

BACKGROUND: Although maximal exercise stress tests are widely used in the athletic and medical fields, studies on professional soccer players are few. The purpose of our study is to observe the cardiopulmonary response to maximal exercise loading and the AT in professional soccer players. METHODS: Maximal exercise stress tests were carried out by a ramp protocol using a treadmill on 20 professional soccer players with a mean age of 25.2 years and with over 10 career years. The tests were also done on 21 college students majoring in physical education with a mean age of 19.4 years, which served as the control group. The AT was determined by the V-slope method. RESULTS: In the players, the VO2 max, VCO2 max and O2 pulse max were significantly larger than those in the control group, and the HR max was smaller for their ages. The VE max, VT max and RP max showed not much difference between the 2 groups but the VE max/VO2 max and VE max/VCO2 max were significantly lower in the players. The AT was larger in the players but the AT/VO2 max was essentially similar to that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that the professonal soccer players, despite their mean ages were approximately 6 years older than the subjects in the control group, had larger VO2 max and VCO2 max, and smaller HR max for their ages. The VE max was similar in both groups. This suggests that the players have higher aerobic capacity than the control group and exchange respiratiory gases more efficiently.