RESUMO
Vision Disorders are among the most common disabilities to affect children. Childhood Blindness is an important Public Health Problem due to inequalities in the Social and Economical conditions of Bihar State. Moreover it抯 a significant component of WHO vision 2020 program. By Public Health Interventions, the prevalence of cases of Childhood Blindness can be reduced. With this background, a study was done in assessment of the epidemiology of childhood blindness, with suggestions of plan of actions to reduce the prevalence of childhood Blindness which will lead to educational opportunities and improvement in mental and general health. This study had limitations due to average Health infrastructures and record keeping from PHC to Medical colleges. But at the same time, still a lot of timely Neonatal Eye Care Services and proper refraction strategies have helped in prevention of Childhood Blindness. In this study, the principals of epidemiology has been followed, as to finding the answers of 揥ho, Where and Why� regarding Childhood Blindness in Bihar. The current prevalence of blindness in children is known to be around 0.6%. Despite various intervention programs. This Public Health Problem a challenge both from epidemiology and care provider point of view.
RESUMO
Introducción. La bacteriemia relacionada a línea vascular (BRLV) es una de las principales complicaciones en los pacientes a quienes se les instala un catéter intravascular. Las acciones educativas han mostrado disminución en la tasa de BRLV en diferentes estudios. Objetivos: conocer la tasa de BRLV en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátrica y Neonatal de un hospital general, implementar las acciones preventivas y cuantificar el impacto. Métodos. Se comparó la tasa de BRLV, antes y después de una intervención educativa, en un grupo de pacientes con edades desde recién nacidos hasta 15 años. La tasa de BRLV se obtuvo dividiendo el número de éstas entre el número de días-catéter y se multiplicó por 1 000. El diagnóstico de BRLV se basó en la definición de la Norma Oficial Mexicana del año 2005 para bacteriemia relacionada a línea y terapia intravascular. Resultados. En el primer período se encontraron 25 casos de BRLV en 2 280 días-catéter con una tasa 10.9 x 1 000 días-catéter; después de las acciones educativas se presentaron 16 BRLV en 2 850 días-catéter y la tasa disminuyó a 5.6, con una P de 0.001. Conclusiones. Las acciones educativas para disminuir la tasa de BRLV fueron efectivas.
Introduction. Intravascular catheter-related infection is the major complication in patients with intravascular catheter. Intravascular catheter-related infection rate is derived by dividing the number of these infections between day-line vascular catheters and multiplied x 1 000. The rates have been reported to be as high as 11.3 x 1 000 catheter-days, increasing hospitalization days, morbidity and mortality. Educational initiatives decrease the rate of intravascular catheter-related infections according to different studies. We undertook this study to determine the rate of intravascular catheter-related infections in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units in a general hospital, as well as to establish preventive educational actions and quantify their impact. Methods. We compared the rate of intravascular catheter-related infections before and after an educational intervention. Results. During the first period, we found 25 intravascular catheter-related infections in 2 280 catheter-days with a rate of 10.9 x 1 000 catheter-days. Following the educational initiatives, we found 16 intravascular catheter-related infections in 2 850 catheter-days and the rate decreased to 5.6, which was statistically significant. Conclusions. Educational initiatives aimed at decreasing the rate of intravascular catheter-related infections were shown to be effective.