Relevance of Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) for Procurement of Equipments in a Government Medical College and Hospital in North-East India

Introduction: Continuous procurement of various equipments in the hospitals is essential to keep up with global progress of healthcare services. In public sectors, procurement process largely depends on budget sanctions and also by a number of formal procedures and rules which leads to delayed procurement. With this prevalent scenario, the present study was carried out to evaluate the procurement of two major equipments in an apex tertiary care institute using Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Objective: This study was done to evaluate the procurement of two major equipments using PERT in a tertiary care institute. Method: This study was conducted using Operational Research technique in an apex tertiary care institute i.e., medical college and hospital, in one of the North Eastern states of India. All the procurements related to equipments in that teaching hospital initiated in the financial year 2021 were listed. Out of them, two procurement files were selected by simple random sampling; procurement of Operating Table and Bio Safety cabinet Level – III. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) was applied to calculate the possible reduction in time in the whole procurement process. Results: The present study showed that procurement of Operating table took 185 days where minimum 8 days could have been saved and procurement of Bio-Safety cabinet Level-III was completed by 702 days where minimum 196 days could have been saved. Conclusion: Application of PERT in this procurement evaluation process can play significant role by calculating critical path and predicting the possible delay.

Sistema de recomendaciones sobre la evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo de software / System of Recommendations on the Evaluation of Software Development Projects

Introducción: En la actualidad existen organizaciones que asumen como estructura un modelo de gestión por proyectos. El creciente número de proyectos que se conceptualizan y se desarrollan, genera gran cúmulo de datos. Sin embargo, la insuficiente capacidad de análisis y procesamiento sobre los datos generados, imposibilitan la identificación de información que facilite la toma de decisiones a los principales directivos. Objetivo: La presente investigación propone el desarrollo de un Sistema de recomendación que integra la Sumarización Lingüística de Datos (LDS). Materiales y métodos: En la investigación se destaca la utilización de métodos de la investigación científica empíricos y teóricos; a través del análisis histórico-lógico se revelaron las investigaciones asociadas al uso de LDS para la construcción de explicaciones de las recomendaciones. Se utilizó encuesta para corroborar la satisfacción de los usuarios en cuanto a la síntesis de la información almacenada en el repositorio de datos. Resultados: Las recomendaciones generadas aumentan la posibilidad de que los usuarios interpreten los datos almacenados a partir de la integración con explicaciones constituidas por resúmenes lingüísticos. Conclusiones: El sistema obtenido fue valorado como muy bueno para ser aplicado al problema de toma de decisiones sobre la evaluación de proyectos en centros de desarrollo de software(AU)

Introduction: Currently there are organizations that assume a project management model as a structure. The increasing number of projects that are conceptualized and developed generates a large accumulation of data. However, the insufficient capacity for analysis and processing of the data generated makes it impossible to identify information that facilitates decision-making for the main managers. Objective: This research proposes the development of a recommendation system that integrates the Linguistic Data Summarization (LDS). Materials and methods: The research highlights the use of empirical and theoretical scientific research methods. Through the historical-logical analysis, the investigations associated with the use of LDS for the construction of explanations of the recommendations were revealed. A survey was used to corroborate user satisfaction regarding the synthesis of the information stored in the data repository. Results: The generated recommendations increase the possibility that the users interpret the stored data from the integration with explanations constituted by linguistic summaries. Conclusions: The obtained system was valued as very good to be applied to the decision-making problem on the evaluation of projects in software development centers(AU)

Analysis of 2017 evaluation results of medical radiation protection monitoring program in China by using the fuzzy combined method of TOPSIS and rank sum ratio / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To analyze 20 indicators for the evaluation of medical radiation protection monitoring in 31 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions in 2017 and provide technical support and reference for further optimization of medical radiation protection monitoring projects.Methods According to " medical radiation protection monitoring assessment score sheet for medical and health institutions",a full range of analysis and evaluation was carried out of medical radiation protection monitoring and implementation at nationwide medical and health institutions by using fuzzy combined method of TOPSIS and rank sum ratio.Results TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio weighted fuzzy joint analysis showed that the top three indicators,in descending order,were management of provincial implementation plans,management of project leaders in various cities and management of funds whereas the lowest three indicators were completion of radiotherapy equipment commissioning,innovation and highlights and tcoverage of radiotherapy equipment.Conclusions The fuzzy combined application of TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method can provide the comprehensive quantitative result for the implementation of medical radiation protection monitoring in 2017,objectively evaluate the implementation of various indicators,summarize the highlights and bottlenecks of work in 2017,and provide technical support and reference for further optimization of medical radiation protection monitoring.

Review and suggestion on the evaluation of the effect and the benefit of a pit and fissure sealant project / 口腔疾病防治

@#As a professional method to prevent decayed teeth and an oral public health project, pit and fissure sealant is widely used domestically. How to evaluate the effect and benefit of the community pit and fissure closure project, especially the community full coverage pit and fissure closure project, requires investigation. The Guangzhou Children′s Pit and Fissure Sealing Project was carried out in an orderly manner and was administered normatively. A retrospective cohort study with use of a sample survey was used in this program. According to cavity occurrence and reservations of sealant in the first permanent molar, the samples were divided into the following two groups: the sealing group with indication and the sealing group without indication. Reservations of sealant, cavity incidence, reduced incidence, net profit, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of the program were evaluated. Some promotable experiences were summarized during this project. Various relevant theories and reports of the pit and fissure sealant project evaluation were reviewed and previous studies were discussed in this article. By analyzing the methods and results of the pit and fissure sealant project in Guangzhou, suggestions are made for project evaluation, especially sample grouping and evaluation indicators, which was refer to a further study for the pit and fissure sealing project.

Research on project evaluation of scientific research projects based on "double-blind, random, centralized, grouping, independent evaluation system" / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The evaluation management of scientific research projects is the core work content of scientific research management institutions at all levels.The primary causes of bias in project evaluation are the acquaintance social network relationship and the unit-based unitism,especially in the case of small academic circles.The purpose of this essay is to study how to circumvent this problem,to select projects objectively and fairly,and to benefit the evaluation and management of scientific research projects at all levels.Methods Including information construction,expert database construction,expert rotation system,expert avoidance system,supervision and examination system,peer-expert review and strengthen the expert project evaluation.For the first time,we proposed a double-blind,random,centralized,and group-based independent evaluation system.Results This method has a positiveeffect on view.Conclusions In the case where the relative or absolute numberof experts in a single field is small,implementing a series of normative systems and measures through organizational management can avoid interference factors that affect the project evaluation effectively and achieve more scientific and fair results.

Compared approved/unapproved projects on medical research management / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To perform classification analysis of project applications,analyze the difference(s) between the approved projects and disapproved projects,identifying possible experiences and lessons to improve the project application management,as well as the guidance of applicants.Methods Based on the assessment scoring system built on informative platform,we collected the project application information including scores of both initial and re-review during the year 2013 and 2014.According to the assessment procedures and final decisions,all projects involved were categorized into three groups:granted project,project failed during the re-review process,and project failed in the initial review.Statistical analysis was performed on the ratings and detailed scoring of all these projects.Results Pair wise comparisons showed that granted projects were superior to other disapproved projects (P ＜ 0.05),in terms of declaration evidence,context and design of projects.Conclusions The current application and granting procedures works well for identifying high quality applications.Projects granted have their advantages satisfying the key indicators highlighted during the review process.With the help of informative platform,it's possible to achieve further detailed quantified analysis for scientific project applications,in which way,it renders the improvement of evaluation efficiency,equality and the guidance of the applicants.

Avaliação da implantação do Programa de Controle da Dengue em dois municípios fronteiriços do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2016 / Evaluación de la implantación del Programa de Control del Dengue en dos municipios fronterizos en el Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2016 / National Dengue Control Program implementation evaluation in two border municipalities in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, 2016

Objetivo: avaliar o grau de implantação do Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue (PNCD) em dois municípios fronteiriços de Mato Grosso do Sul - Corumbá e Ponta Porã -, Brasil, em 2016. Métodos: avaliação normativa, baseada em indicadores da estrutura e do processo de trabalho; foram aplicados questionários a profissionais envolvidos na prevenção e controle da dengue; os pontos de corte utilizados para determinar o grau de implantação foram 'implantado' (>75% das atividades implantadas), 'parcialmente implantado' (50 a 75%), 'baixo nível de implantação' (25 a 49%) e 'não implantado' (<25%). Resultados: participaram do estudo 383 profissionais da Saúde, 227 de Corumbá e 156 de Ponta Porã; o grau de implantação do PNCD foi de 63,1% e 66,4% para Corumbá e Ponta Porã, respectivamente, classificado como parcialmente implantado nos dois municípios. Conclusão: a implantação do PNCD foi parcial em ambos os municípios; os problemas identificados remetem à necessidade de aprimoramento do programa.

Objetivo: evaluar el grado de implantación del Programa Nacional de Control del Dengue (PNCD) en dos municipios fronterizos de Mato Grosso do Sul - Corumbá y Ponta Porã -, Brasil, en 2016. Métodos: evaluación normativa basada en indicadores de la estructura y del proceso de trabajo; se aplicaron cuestionarios a profesionales involucrados en la prevención y control del dengue; los puntos de corte utilizados para determinar el grado de implantación fueron 'implantado' (>75% de las actividades implantadas), 'parcialmente implantado' (50 a 75%), 'bajo nivel de implantación' (25 a 49%) y 'no implantado' (<25%). Resultados: participaron del estudio 383 profesionales de la Salud, 227 de Corumbá y 156 de Ponta Porã; el grado de implantación del PNCD fue de 63,1% y 66,4% para Corumbá y Ponta Porã, respectivamente, clasificado como parcialmente implantado en ambos municipios. Conclusión: la implantación del PNCD fue parcial en ambos municipios; los problemas identificados remiten a la necesidad de perfeccionamiento del programa.

Objective: to evaluate the degree of implementation of the National Dengue Control Program (PNCD) in two border municipalities in Mato Grosso do Sul State (Corumbá and Ponta Porã), Brazil, 2016. Methods: This was a normative evaluation based on indicators of service structure and work process; questionnaires were answered by health professionals involved in dengue prevention and control; the cut-off points used to determine the degree of implementation were 'implemented' (>75% of the activities implemented), 'partially implemented' (50 to 75%), 'low level of implementation' (25 to 49%), and 'not implemented' (<25%). Results: 383 health professionals participated in this study, 227 of whom were from Corumbá and 156 from Ponta Porã; the degree of PNCD implementation was 63.1% and 66.4% for Corumbá and Ponta Porã, respectively, thus being classified as partially implemented in both municipalities. Conclusion: PNCD implementation was partial in both municipalities; problems observed indicate the need for program enhancement.

Promoting innovative development of scientific literature novelty assessment based on comprehensive evaluation / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After the limitations of modeling scientific literature novelty assessment were analyzed in light of the de-velopment of scientific literature novelty assessment, comprehensive assessment of the innovations and overall develop-ment of the projects was proposed with combined traditional literature retrieval and multivariate analysis according to the competitive information theory and integrated comprehensive assessment theory in combination with bibliometrics and special case analysis of literature novelty assessment.

Discuss on Performance Executing and Problems of Repairing and Purchasing Special Fund in Central-level Medical Scientific Research Units / 中国卫生经济

Health care is an important factor in the development of livelihood. As a central-level medical research institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences has effectively implemented central-level special funds for repairing and purchasing, which has achieved certain success and experience on scientific research and talent building, meanwhile there are still urgent problems need to be solved in the future development.

Das diretrizes à prática: avaliação da atenção pediátrica prestada por um serviço de referência secundária no norte de Minas Gerais / From guidelines to practice: evaluation of the pediatric care provided by a service of secondary reference in the north of the State of Minas Gerais

A coexistência de condições agudas e crônicas demanda a reorganização do sistema de saúde vigente. O Programa Viva Vida é a estratégia de Minas Gerais para enfrentamento dos problemas na área da saúde da criança. Uma de suas ações é a implantação de Centros Viva Vida de Referência Secundária (CVVRS). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a atenção pediátrica prestada por um CVVRS, tendo como referência as diretrizes pactuadas para sua implantação. Foi adotada abordagem quanti-qualitativa, incluindo estudo transversal com amostra aleatória e estratificada de 385 prontuários de crianças inscritas de 2007 a 2009, e análise de grupos focais com atores estratégicos da iniciativa. Houve divergência entre o perfil dos usuários e o público-alvo previsto em relação à idade, município de origem e características clínicas. O acesso e o uso do serviço são heterogêneos entre os municípios da região devido a entraves como desconhecimento da proposta, dificuldade de transporte e fragilidades da rede. A implantação do centro é identificada como iniciativa inovadora e importante para expansão e organização da rede, entretanto, a lógica planejada não se verifica na prática. Intervenções voltadas para a articulação entre os serviços da rede e a adequação das diretrizes pactuadas às peculiaridades regionais são necessárias.

In the State of Minas Gerais, the Secondary Reference Viva Vida Centers (CVVRS) are one of the strategies deployed to tackle the problems in child health. This study sought to evaluate pediatric care provided in a CVVRS, using the guidelines defined when it was set up as a benchmark. A quantitative-qualitative approach was adopted, which included a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling of 385 medical records of children registered with the program between 2007 and 2009, and analysis of focus groups with strategic actors of the initiative. There were divergences between the user profiles and the target audience in terms of age, hometown and clinical characteristics. Access and use of the service differed depending on the town, due to problems of misinformation concerning the proposal, difficulty of transportation and the fragility of the health network. The centers are considered an innovative and important initiative for the expansion and organization of the health network, though the intended logic is not effectively seen in practice. Interventions for articulation between the network services and adaptation of the agreed guidelines to the regional specificities are necessary.

Orientação Vocacional/Profissional: avaliação de um projeto piloto para estudantes da educação profissional / Orientación Vocacional/Profesional: evaluación de un proyecto piloto para estudiantes de educación profesional / Career Guidance: Evaluation of a pilot project for career guidance of students

Vários estudiosos enfatizam o papel das instituições educativas na orientação profissional de seus estudantes. O presente trabalho refere-se à avaliação de um projeto de orientação vocacional/profissional desenvolvido junto a um grupo de dez adolescentes, de 16 a 18 anos, cursando o penúltimo período de cursos técnicos de nível médio integrados, em uma instituição pública de educação profissional. Este projeto visou facilitar o desenvolvimento vocacional dos estudantes e a construção de seus projetos profissionais. Foram realizados nove encontros em grupo e utilizados vários instrumentos e técnicas específicas para orientação profissional. O projeto foi avaliado por meio da Escala de Maturidade para a Escolha Profissional e os resultados apontaram um aumento no nível de maturidade ao final da intervenção. A partir deste projeto piloto pretende-se ampliar o trabalho para estudantes de outros períodos da educação profissional.

Several specialists emphasize the importance of the role of educational institutions in the career guidance of their students. The present work shows the evaluation of a career guidance project developed with a group of ten adolescents, 16 to 18 years old, enrolled in the penultimate grade of technical integrated courses in a public career education institution. This project aimed to facilitate the students' career development and the building of their career project. Nine group meetings were held, in which several specific tools and techniques for career guidance were used. The project was evaluated through the Maturity Scale for Professional Choice and the results showed an increase in the students' level of maturity after the intervention. Based on those results, a plan is to be developed to widen the scope of the project to attend students enrolled in other levels of career education.

Varios estudiosos enfatizan el papel de las instituciones educativas en la orientación profesional de sus estudiantes. El presente trabajo se refiere a la evaluación de un proyecto de orientación vocacional/profesional desarrollado con un grupo de diez adolescentes, de 16 a 18 años, cursando el penúltimo período de cursos técnicos de nivel medio integrados en una institución pública de educación profesional. Este proyecto buscó facilitar el desarrollo vocacional de los estudiantes y la construcción de sus proyectos profesionales. Se realizaron nueve encuentros en grupo y se utilizaron varios instrumentos y técnicas específicas para orientación profesional. El proyecto fue evaluado por medio de la Escala de Madurez para la Elección Profesional y los resultados indicaron un aumento en el nivel de madurez al final de la intervención. A partir de este proyecto piloto se pretende ampliar el trabajo para estudiantes de otros períodos de la educación profesional.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica dos alunos da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, Brasil / The Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais, Brazil

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o Programa de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica dos alunos atendidos na rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quali-quantitativo, com amostra de 1500 alunos, representativa do universo da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, utilizando questionário semiestruturado analisado por meio de frequência simples, média, desvio padrão, teste exato de Fisher, teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística (p < 0,05; IC 95%). Houve efetiva aceitação de 28,8% e efetiva adesão de 45,1% ao Programa. A aceitação foi significativamente maior entre alunos do sexo masculino e entre aqueles que apresentaram menor consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais. A aceitação e a adesão foram significativamente maiores entre alunos do grupo etário mais velho e entre aqueles que referiram participar de atividades de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. No total, 73,5% dos alunos sugeriram melhorias para a Alimentação Escolar. Muitos princípios e diretrizes do programa não estão sendo cumpridos. A aceitação da Alimentação Escolar mostrou-se negativamente influenciada pelo consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais e positivamente influenciada pelas ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional.

The scope of this article is to analyze the Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais. It is a qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 1500 students, representing the population of the state schools of Minas Gerais, involving the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simple frequency, mean, standard deviation, Fisher's exact test, the chi-square test and logistic regression (p < 0.05, CI 95%). The effective acceptance of the program was 28.8% and the effective adhesion to the program was 45.1%. Program acceptance was significantly higher among males and students who consumed less extra-institutional food. Acceptance and adhesion to the program was significantly higher among the older students and those who reported participating in activities related to nutritional education. In total, 73.5% of the students suggested improvements in school food. Many of the program's norms and guidelines are not being implemented. The acceptance of school food was negatively influenced by the consumption of extra-institutional foods and positively influenced by food and nutritional education activities.

Assessment of integration of the leprosy program into primary health care in Aracaju, state of Sergipe, Brazil / Avaliação da integração do programa de hanseníase na atenção primária em Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and operational characteristics of the Leprosy Program before and after its integration into the Primary healthcare Services of the municipality of Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: Data were drawn from the national database. The study periods were divided into preintegration (1996-2000) and postintegration (2001-2007). Annual rates of epidemiological detection were calculated. Frequency data on clinico-epidemiological variables of cases detected and treated for the two periods were compared using the Chi-squared (χ2) test adopting a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Rates of detection overall, and in subjects younger than 15 years, were greater for the postintegration period and were higher than rates recorded for Brazil as a whole during the same periods. A total of 780 and 1,469 cases were registered during the preintegration and postintegration periods, respectively. Observations for the postintegration period were as follows: I) a higher proportion of cases with disability grade assessed at diagnosis, with increase of 60.9% to 78.8% (p < 0.001), and at end of treatment, from 41.4% to 44.4% (p < 0.023); II) an increase in proportion of cases detected by contact examination, from 2.1% to 4.1% (p < 0.001); and III) a lower level of treatment default with a decrease from 5.64 to 3.35 (p < 0.008). Only 34% of cases registered from 2001 to 2007 were examined. CONCLUSIONS: The shift observed in rates of detection overall, and in subjects younger than 15 years, during the postintegration period indicate an increased level of health care access. The fall in number of patients abandoning treatment indicates greater adherence to treatment. However, previous shortcomings in key actions, pivotal to attaining the outcomes and impact envisaged for the program, persisted in the postintegration period.

INTRODUÇÃO: O estudo avalia características epidemiológicas e operacionais do programa de hanseníase no período anterior e posterior à integração nos serviços de Atenção Primária do município de Aracaju-Sergipe, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos da base nacional. O período estudado foi dividido em pré-integração (1996-2000) e pós-integração (20012007). Calcularam-se os indicadores epidemiológicos de detecção ano a ano. Frequências de variáveis clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos detectados e tratados foram comparadas entre os dois períodos utilizando-se qui-quadrado (χ2) com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: As taxas de detecção geral e em menores de 15 anos aumentaram no pós-integração e se mantiveram acima das obtidas para o Brasil em ambos os períodos. Houve 780 e 1.469 casos nos períodos pré e pós-integração, respectivamente. No período pós-integração, observouse: aumento na proporção de casos com grau de incapacidade avaliado ao diagnóstico, de 60,9% para 78,8% (p < 0,001) e, ao final do tratamento, de 41,4% para 44,4% (p < 0,023); aumento na proporção de casos detectados por exame de contatos, de 2,1% para 4,1% (p < 0,001); diminuição do abandono de tratamento de 5,64 para 3,35 (p < 0,008). Apenas 34% dos contatos registrados nos anos 2001-2007 foram examinados. CONCLUSÕES: As oscilações verificadas nas taxas de detecção geral e em menores de 15 anos no período pós-integração sugerem ter havido incremento no acesso. A redução do número de abandonos indica melhora na adesão ao tratamento. Insuficiências pré-existentes em ações de importância crucial para os resultados e impactos esperados do programa persistiram no período pós-integração.

Desenvolvimento de indicadores para avaliação de serviço público de odontologia / Development of indicators for evaluating public dental healthcare services

The objective of this article is to describe and analyze the development of indicators used to identify strengths and deficiencies in public dental healthcare services in the municipality of Cambé, Paraná. The methodology employed was a historical-organizational case study. A theoretical model of the service was developed for evaluation planning. To achieve this, information was collected from triangulation of methods (interviews, document analysis and observation). A matrix was then developed which presents analysis dimensions, criteria, indicators, punctuation, parameters and sources of information. Three workshops were staged during the process with local service professionals in order to verify whether both the logical model and the matrix represented the service adequately. The period for collecting data was from November 2006 through July, 2007. As a result, a flowchart of the organization of the public dental health service and a matrix with two-dimensional analysis, twelve criteria and twenty-four indicators, was developed. The development of indicators favoring the participation of people involved with the practice has enabled more comprehensive and realistic evaluation planning.

O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever e analisar o desenvolvimento dos indicadores utilizados para se identificar fortalezas e deficiências de serviço público de odontologia no município de Cambé, Paraná. A metodologia usada foi o estudo de caso histórico-organizacional. Para o planejamento da avaliação foi desenvolvido o modelo-lógico do serviço. Para tanto, foram coletadas informações a partir da triangulação de métodos (entrevistas, análise documental e observação). Na sequência, foi desenvolvida uma matriz que apresenta dimensões de análise, critérios, indicadores, pontuações, parâmetros e fontes de informações. Três oficinas de trabalho foram realizadas com profissionais do serviço local visando melhor adequação do modelo-lógico e da matriz à realidade do serviço. O período de coleta de dados foi novembro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Como resultado, obteve-se um fluxograma da organização do serviço de odontologia e uma matriz com duas dimensões de análise, doze critérios e vinte e quatro indicadores. O desenvolvimento dos indicadores, privilegiando a participação dos sujeitos envolvidos com a prática, proporcionou o planejamento de uma avaliação abrangente e realista.

Analysis of proposal evaluation system for Beijing Medicine Research and Development Fund / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To evaluate the reasonability and feasibility of evaluation index system for the Capital Research Fund for Medical Development in order to provide some preliminary practical and theo-retical fundamentals for setting up and improving an evaluation index system for the Capital Research Foun-dation for Medical Development. Methods Based on the investigation of thirty three hospital's administra-tors in Beijing,we used statistical methods to evaluate the reliability and validity of the evaluation index sys-tem. Results The first grade and second grade index were approved by more than 87.88% responders;the half-reliability of the evaluation index system was 0.7933 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.9103, the factor analysis of the second grade indicators showed that there were four factors extracted, and the accu-mulative variance reached 78.44%. Conclusion The evaluation index system for the Capital Research Fund for Medical Development is reasonable and feasible,and the research result will provide a basis for fur-ther study.

Oral health in Brazil - Part II: Dental Specialty Centers (CEOs)

The concepts of health promotion, self-care and community participation emerged during the 1970s and, since then, their application has grown rapidly in the developed world, showing evidence of effectiveness. In spite of this, a major part of the population in the developing countries still has no access to specialized dental care such as endodontic treatment, dental care for patients with special needs, minor oral surgery, periodontal treatment and oral diagnosis. This review focuses on a program of the Brazilian Federal Government named CEOs (Dental Specialty Centers), which is an attempt to solve the dental care deficit of a population that is suffering from oral diseases and whose oral health care needs have not been addressed by the regular programs offered by the SUS (Unified National Health System). Literature published from 2000 to the present day, using electronic searches by Medline, Scielo, Google and hand-searching was considered. The descriptors used were Brazil, Oral health, Health policy, Health programs, and Dental Specialty Centers. There are currently 640 CEOs in Brazil, distributed in 545 municipal districts, carrying out dental procedures with major complexity. Based on this data, it was possible to conclude that public actions on oral health must involve both preventive and curative procedures aiming to minimize the oral health distortions still prevailing in developing countries like Brazil.

Intervenciones comunitarias contra enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el consejo popular “Dragones” / Community-wide interventions against chronic non-communicable diseases in “Dragones” people's council

Antecedentes: las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles constituyen una las primeras causas de muerte en Cuba. Objetivos: exponer las experiencias más importantes en la ejecución del proyecto “Dragones” llevado a cabo desde el año 1998 hasta el año 2003, para la prevención y control de los factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Métodos: se realizó una intervención comunitaria basada en dos pilares fundamentales: el fortalecimiento de la atención primaria de salud y la participación activa de la población en el manejo preventivo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo. Resultados: se apreció una gran recuperación en la calidad de la atención por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo entre los años 2000 y 2003. Los aspectos donde se apreció una mayor mejoría fueron la orientación sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que padecen los pacientes y los hábitos dietéticos con un aumento de 60,03 % y 50,9 %, respectivamente. Aumentó, también, la realización de prácticas preventivas en el año 2003 y fueron la toma de la tensión arterial y la realización del examen de mama las que alcanzaron mayores porcentajes. Conclusiones: un buen diagnóstico comunitario, la combinación de mensajes bien planificados, la realización de actividades de promoción de salud, la implementación de formas costo-eficaces de intervención y un sistema de vigilancia y evaluación fiables, son los aspectos fundamentales que deben tenerse en cuenta en la ejecución de un programa de intervención comunitaria para la prevención y control de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo.

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases are one of the first causes of death in Cuba. Objectives: To submit the most important experience in the implementation of “Dragones” project after 5 years of intervention for the prevention and control of risk factors and chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods: A community-wide intervention was performed on two fundamental pillars: the strengthening of primary healthcare and the active participation of the population in preventive management of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Results: It was observed that the quality of healthcare to chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors from 2000 to 2003 had remarkably increased. The aspects that improved more were counseling on chronic non-communicable diseases that the patients suffered and the dietary habits, with an increase of 60,03 % and 50,9 % respectively. Also, preventive practices increased in number in 2003, being blood pressure measurement and breast screening test the ones that reached higher percentages. Conclusions: A good community diagnosis, combination of well-thought messages, carrying out of health promotion activities, implementation of cost-effective forms of intervention and a reliable system of evaluation and surveillance are the key aspects that should be taken into consideration when implementing a community-based intervention program for the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors.