Leucemia promielocítica aguda M3. Reporte de un caso clínico / Acute promyelocytic leukemia M3. Report of a clinical case

La leucemia es una neoplásica hemática que contiene múltiples subtipos, entre ellos la leucemia promielocítica aguda, caracterizada por la multiplicación clonal del linaje mieloide y eritroide. El presente caso pertenece a un paciente masculino de 20 años, sin antecedentes de importancia y con un cuadro evolutivo de 20 días con sangrado del dedo anular de la mano derecha, y con ausencia de proceso cicatricial. A partir de los exámenes de laboratorio se identifica bicitopénia eritroide y plaquetaria, con evidencia de un 93% de promielocitos. El tratamiento con ATO, ATRA y Antraciclinas logró una leve mejoría. Durante su estadía hospitalaria desarrolló síndrome de diferenciación, lo que ocasionó su fallecimiento.

Leukemia is a hematic neoplastic that contains multiple subtypes, including acute promyelocytic leukemia, characterized by the clonal multiplication of the myeloid and erythroid lineage. The present case belongs to a 20-year-old male patient without health history of importance and with a 20-day evolutionary picture with bleeding from the ring finger of his right hand, and without scarring process. Erythroid and platelet bicytopenia is identified from laboratory tests with evidence of 93% promyelocytes. The treatment including ATO, ATRA and Anthracyclines achieved a slight improvement. He developed differentiation syndrome during hospitalization, which caused his death.

ZBTB16-RARalpha variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia with tuberculosis: a case report and review of literature

A 23-year-old male presented with pulmonary tuberculosis and swelling of both lower limbs. He was put on antitubercular treatment. Hemogram showed mild anemia and Pseudo Pelger-huet cells. The bone marrow (BM) examination showed 52% promyelocytes with regular round to oval nuclei, few granules and were positive for CD13 and CD33, and negative for HLA-DR. Cytogenetic analysis of the BM aspirate revealed an apparently balanced t(11;17)(q23;q21). Final diagnosis rendered was acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(11;17)(q23;q21); ZBTB16/RARA. APL is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. The variant APL with t(11;17)(q23;q21) cases that are associated with the ZBTB16/RARA fusion gene have been reported as being resistant to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Therefore, differential diagnosis of variant APL with t(11;17)(q23;q12) from classical APL with t(15;17)(q22;q12); PML-RARA is very important. Here we have discussed the importance of distinct morphology of variant APL and also significance of rare presentation with tuberculosis.