O tipo político fascista e o esporte: uma abordagem epistemológica / The fascist political type and sport: an epistemological approach / El tipo político fascista y el deporte: un enfoque epistemológico

RESUMO O presente artigo objetivou investigar à luz da teoria de Adorno como o esporte é utilizado na propaganda bolsonarista. O trabalho tem um caráter teórico-empírico, cujos aspectos do pensamento de Adorno tornam-se instrumento para análise do fenômeno esportivo. Metodologicamente, foram analisadas as publicações do perfil oficial do Instagram de Jair Bolsonaro que fizessem alguma menção ao esporte. Verificou-se que há uma vinculação entre o esporte de alto rendimento e a propaganda fascista difundida pelo perfil de Bolsonaro. Concluiu-se que a propaganda fascista incorpora estratégias de cunho psicológico e anti-intelectual visando atingir às massas na propagação de fatos desvinculados de seu contexto e pseudoverdades, com o propósito de penetração das ideias fascistas.

ABSTRACT This article aimed to investigate, in the light of Adorno's theory, how sport is used in Bolsonarist propaganda. The work has a theoretical-empirical character, whose aspects of Adorno's thought become an instrument for analyzing the sporting phenomenon. Methodologically, publications from Jair Bolsonaro's official Instagram profile that made any mention of sport were analyzed. It was found that there is a link between high-performance sport and the fascist propaganda spread by Bolsonaro's profile. It was concluded that fascist propaganda incorporates psychological and anti-intellectual strategies aimed at reaching the masses in the propagation of facts disconnected from their context and pseudo-truths, with the purpose of penetrating fascist ideas.

RESUMEN Este artículo tuvo como objetivo investigar a la luz de la teoría de Adorno cómo el deporte es utilizado en la propaganda bolsonarista. La obra tiene un carácter teórico-empírico cuyos aspectos del pensamiento de Adorno convertirse en análisis del fenómeno deportivo. Metodológicamente se analizaron las publicaciones del perfil oficial de Instagram de Jair Bolsonaro que hicieran mención al deporte. Se constató que existe un vínculo entre el deporte de alto rendimiento y la propaganda fascista difundida por el perfil de Bolsonaro. Se concluyó que la propaganda fascista incorpora estrategias psicológicas y antiintelectuales encaminadas a llegar a las masas en la propagación de hechos desconectados de su contexto y pseudoverdades con el propósito de penetrar ideas fascistas.

Publicidade de alimentos para crianças em televisão por assinatura no Brasil / Food advertising on pay-TV for children in Brazil

A Resolução Nº 163/2014 versa sobre a abusividade de propagandas em geral direcionadas ao público infantil. Considerando a relevância do tema para a saúde coletiva, faz-se importante a realização de pesquisas acerca do assunto. O objetivo foi investigar a adequação da publicidade de alimentos à Resolução Nº 163/2014 em propagandas veiculadas por canais de TV por assinatura, no Brasil, direcionados ao público infantil. Estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo. Gravou-se, simultaneamente, a programação de dois canais de televisão por assinatura de maior audiência, destinados ao público infantil no Brasil, por 03 dias completos e consecutivos. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado para sistematizar os dados. Classificou-se em sete grupos os alimentos/produtos veiculados nas propagandas: doces, bebidas, cereais, restaurante/pizzaria, fast-food, produtos lácteos e salgadinhos. Identificou-se seis tipos de apelo mercadológico nas propagandas analisadas: nutricional, afetivo, gustativo, auditivo, visual e promocional. Realizou-se Análise de Componentes Principais. Mais de 50% das horas de gravação foram utilizadas para veicular propagandas com conteúdo alimentar para o público infantil. O estímulo às emoções e afetividade foi o principal apelo utilizado para divulgar os produtos. Verificou-se a promessa de benefícios nutricionais, ofertas de brindes e promoções e estímulos auditivos, visuais, olfativos e gustativos. Conclui-se que a publicidade de alimentos não obedece às normas estabelecidas pela Resolução e contrariam as recomendações que caracterizam os hábitos alimentares adequados.

Resolution No. 163/2014 deals with the abusiveness of advertisements in general aimed at children. Considering the relevance of the topic for public health, it is important to carry out research on the subject. The objective was to investigate the adequacy of food advertising to Resolution No. 163/2014 in advertisements broadcast by pay-TV channels in Brazil, aimed at children. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study. Simultaneously, the programming of two pay-TV channels with the highest audience, aimed at children in Brazil, was recorded for 03 complete consecutive days. A structured questionnaire was used to systematize the data. The food/products shown in advertisements were classified into seven groups: sweets, drinks, cereals, restaurant/pizzeria, fast food, dairy products, and snacks. Six types of marketing appeal were identified in the advertisements analyzed: nutritional, affective, gustatory, auditory, visual, and promotional. Principal Component Analysis was performed. More than 50% of the recording hours were used to broadcast advertisements with food content for children. Stimulating emotions and affectivity was the main appeal used to publicize the products. Promises of nutritional benefits, offers of gifts and promotions, and auditory, visual, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli were verified. It is concluded that food advertising does not comply with the norms established by the Resolution and goes against the recommendations that characterize adequate eating habits.

Advertising and Psychology: Strategies to Reduce Violence Against Women / Publicidade e Psicologia: Estratégias de Redução da Violência Contra a Mulher / Publicidad y Psicología: Estrategias de Reducción de la Violencia Contra la Mujer

Abstract The COVID-19 exacerbated violence against women. This study evaluated the possible efficacy of using advertising pieces containing the hypocrisy paradigm, the contrast principle, and moral disengagement mechanisms to prevent and reduce violence against women. We conducted two studies which included exclusively men as participants. Study 1 (n=400; M age =21.69; Me=20.00; SD=5.79) used traditional pieces on violence against women, manipulating only their moral disengagement phrases. Results suggest that the phrase combined with traditional images is either ineffective or has a rebound effect. Study 2 (n=303; M age =21.38; Me=20.00; SD=4.94) manipulated the image in Study 1, showing more effective results regarding hostility. However, physical aggression showed no significant differences. Finally, some pieces generated a rebound effect, increasing participants' self-perception of aggression. The use of advertising can act as an ally or an enemy of public policies if their effectiveness lacks proper testing.

Resumo A violência contra mulheres é um problema pandêmico agravado pela COVID-19. Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a eficácia de peças publicitárias em reduzir a violência contra mulheres por meio do paradigma de hipocrisia, o princípio de contraste e os mecanismos de desengajamento moral. Realizaram-se dois estudos com amostras masculinas. O Estudo 1 (n=400; M idade =21,69; Me=20,00; DP=5,79) utilizou peças tradicionais, manipulando apenas as frases de desengajamento moral. O resultado sugere que a frase combinada com imagens tradicionais são ineficazes ou geram efeito rebote. O Estudo 2 (n=303; M idade =21,38; Me=20,00; DP=4,94) manipulou a imagem e os resultados indicam maior efetividade das peças em relação à hostilidade. Entretanto, a agressão física não demonstrou diferenças significativas. Finalmente, algumas peças geraram efeito rebote, levando ao incremento da autopercepção de agressividade dos participantes. O uso da publicidade pode prejudicar políticas públicas de combate a violência contra mulheres quando sua eficácia não é devidamente testada.

Resumen La violencia contra la mujer es un problema pandémico agravado por el COVID-19. Esta investigación verificó el grado de eficacia de anuncios publicitarios para reducir la violencia contra la mujer utilizando el paradigma de la hipocresía, el principio de contraste y los mecanismos de desconexión moral. Se diseñaron dos estudios con muestras masculinas. El Estudio 1 (n=400; M edad =21,69; Me=20,00; DT=5,79) utilizó anuncios tradicionales, manipulando únicamente las frases de desconexión moral. El resultado sugiere que la frase combinada con imágenes tradicionales es ineficaz o tiene efecto rebote. El Estudio 2 (n=303; M edad =21,38, Me=20,00; DT=4,94) manipuló la imagen, y los resultados indican mayor eficacia respecto a la hostilidad. Pero la agresión física no mostró diferencias significativas. Finalmente, algunos anuncios generaron efecto rebote, incrementando la autopercepción de la agresividad. Así, el uso de la publicidad puede actuar como enemiga de las políticas públicas contra la violencia a la mujer cuando no se comprueba adecuadamente su eficacia.

Reflection on the regulatory path for online sales of Chinese medicinal materials in the context of live streaming / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide feasible regulatory paths for the online sales supervision of Chinese medicinal materials from the perspective of the characteristics of new online sales and the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials. METHODS Through the investigation of the sales form of Chinese medicinal materials on the e-commerce platform and the search of Chinese medicinal materials online dispute cases， the difficulties and existing problems in the supervision of Chinese medicinal materials under the new online sales model were analyzed， and corresponding countermeasures were proposed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Clarifying the conceptual boundary between Chinese medicinal materials and their decoction pieces， agricultural products and food is the key to standardizing the online sale of Chinese medicinal materials. The regulatory criteria， which determine whether Chinese medicinal materials belong to drug management based on whether they had been included in medicinal channels， didn’t consider the diversity of online sales channels for Chinese medicinal materials， their safety and the disguised sales of Chinese herbal decoction pieces. It is necessary to establish the concept of hierarchical management of Chinese medicinal materials， strictly restrict the behavior of claiming the efficacy of Chinese medicinal materials and selling Chinese herbal decoction pieces in live streaming， improve the defining path of false propaganda of Chinese medicinal materials， implement the responsibilities and obligations of live streaming marketing subjects and platforms， and safeguard the legitimate rights of consumers.

A medicalização do sofrimento psíquico na cultura do hiperconsumo / Medicalization of psychic suffering in a culture of hyperconsumption

Na atual fase em que se encontra a sociedade de consumo, estão presentes de forma bastante acentuada os valores do hedonismo, da busca incessante pela felicidade através da aquisição de bens materiais, da negação do sofrimento, dos lazeres, da leveza e do hiperindividualismo. O processo crescente de destradicionalização da sociedade tornou o sujeito ao mesmo tempo livre e instável. Com o enfraquecimento da capacidade ordenadora de instituições como igreja e escola, o sujeito tende a buscar no consumo de bens e serviços uma fonte de segurança, além do uso de medicamentos que aliviam o sofrimento psíquico gerado por esse desamparo. Considerando que a medicalização do sofrimento psíquico atinge largas escalas nessa fase da sociedade contemporânea, o presente trabalho propõe-se a investigar os fatores da cultura do hiperconsumo que funcionam como dispositivos que favorecem o processo da medicalização generalizada. Partiu-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica na qual foram observados alguns atores que difundem o discurso medicalizante, como a publicidade, a psiquiatria hegemônica e a indústria farmacêutica. As informações apresentadas e organizadas na pesquisa resultam na constatação de que a medicalização é produto tanto de interesses da indústria farmacêutica como da demanda do hiperconsumidor por felicidade, bem-estar e ausência de sofrimento.(AU)

In the current phase in which the consumer society is present, the values of hedonism, the incessant search for happiness through the acquisition of material goods, the denial of suffering, leisure, lightness and hyperindividualism are quite marked. The growing process of detraditionalization of society has made the subject at the same time free and unstable. With the weakening of the ordering capacity of institutions such as church and school, the subject tends to seek in the consumption of goods and services a source of security, in addition to the use of medications that relieve the psychic suffering generated by this helplessness. Considering that the medicalization of psychic suffering reaches large scales in this phase of contemporary society, the present work proposes to investigate the factors of the culture of hyperconsumption that function as devices that favor the process of generalized medicalization. It was based on a bibliographical research in which some actors were observed that spread the medicalizing discourse, such as advertising, hegemonic psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry. The information presented and organized in the research results in the finding that medicalization is the product of both the interests of the pharmaceutical industry and the demand of the hyperconsumer for happiness, well-being and absence of suffering.(AU)

En la fase actual en la que está presente la sociedad de consumo, los valores del hedonismo, la búsqueda incesante de la felicidad a través de la adquisición de bienes materiales, la negación del sufrimiento, el ocio, la ligereza y el hiperindividualismo son bastante marcados. El creciente proceso de destradicionalización de la sociedad ha hecho que el sujeto sea al mismo tiempo libre e inestable. Con el debilitamiento de la capacidad de ordenamiento de instituciones como la iglesia y la escuela, el sujeto tiende a buscar en el consumo de bienes y servicios una fuente de seguridad, además del uso de medicamentos que alivian el sufrimiento psíquico generado por esta indefensión. Considerando que la medicalización del sufrimiento psíquico alcanza grandes escalas en esta fase de la sociedad contemporánea, el presente trabajo propone investigar los factores de la cultura del hiperconsumo que funcionan como dispositivos que favorecen el proceso de medicalización generalizada. Se basó en una investigación bibliográfica en la que se observaron algunos actores que difundieron el discurso medicalizador, como la publicidad, la psiquiatría hegemónica y la industria farmacéutica. La información presentada y organizada en la investigación resulta en el hallazgo de que la medicalización es el producto tanto de los intereses de la industria farmacéutica como de la demanda del hiperconsumidor de felicidad, bienestar y ausencia de sufrimiento.(AU)

Eyes do not lie: investigation of the effectiveness of outdoor advertising instruments: an applied neuromarketing research with eye-tracking technique / Los ojos no mienten: investigación de la eficacia de los instrumentos de publicidad exterior: una investigación de neuromarketing aplicada con la técnica de seguimiento ocular / Olhos não mentem: investigação da efetividade de instrumentos de propaganda ao ar livre (outdoor): uma pesquisa de neuromarketing aplicada com a técnica do rastreamento do olhar (eye-tracking)

Abstract Traditional techniques of market research and information gathering to meet business needs fail because they cannot always produce the desired results. This has necessitated the use of new techniques and methods for gathering information. Companies frequently resort to advertising activities for the promotion of a new product or to increase sales of an existing product and want to be compensated for the expenses incurred in these activities. It is necessary to measure the effectiveness of advertising in order to know how the response to the advertisement is after its publication. A questionnaire and an eye tracker were applied to 32 participants to investigate the communication effectiveness of 25 outdoor advertisements. As a result, it is obtained that the survey method is not fully sufficient to provide the real data needed by the company. The recognition method reflects the truth: real data can be obtained from the participants with the neuromarketing method and it has been determined that the company can achieve the real data it needs.

Resumen Las técnicas tradicionales de investigación de mercado y recopilación de información para satisfacer las necesidades de las empresas fracasan, porque no siempre pueden producir los resultados deseados. Ello ha hecho necesario el uso de nuevas técnicas y métodos para recoger la información. Las empresas recurren con frecuencia a actividades publicitarias para la promoción de un nuevo producto o para aumentar las ventas de un producto ya existente y quieren que se les compense por los gastos realizados en estas actividades. Es necesario medir la eficacia de la publicidad para saber cómo es la respuesta al anuncio después de su publicación. Se aplicó un cuestionario y un rastreador ocular a 32 participantes para investigar la eficacia de la comunicación de 25 anuncios en exteriores. Como resultado, se obtiene que el método de encuesta no es totalmente suficiente para proporcionar los datos reales que necesita la empresa. El método de reconocimiento refleja la verdad: se puede obtener datos reales de los participantes con el método de neuromarketing y se ha determinado que la empresa puede alcanzar los datos reales que necesita.

Resumo As técnicas tradicionais de pesquisa de mercado e coleta de informações para atender às necessidades comerciais fracassam porque nem sempre podem produzir os resultados desejados. Isto exigiu o uso de novas técnicas e métodos para a coleta de informações. As empresas freqüentemente recorrem a atividades publicitárias para a promoção de um novo produto ou para aumentar as vendas de um produto existente e querem ser compensadas pelas despesas incorridas nessas atividades. É necessário medir a eficácia da publicidade a fim de saber como é a resposta ao anúncio após sua publicação. Um questionário e um rastreador de olhos foram aplicados a 32 participantes para investigar a eficácia da comunicação de 25 anúncios ao ar livre. Como resultado, obtém-se que o método de pesquisa não é totalmente suficiente para fornecer os dados reais necessários para a empresa. O método de reconhecimento reflete a verdade: dados reais podem ser obtidos dos participantes com o método de neuromarketing e foi determinado que a empresa pode obter os dados reais de que necessita.

Research on the operation status and countermeasures of official tiktok in Beijing municipal hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the operation status of official voice in Beijing municipal hospitals and explore the countermeasures to optimize the operation of official short video tiktok.Methods:The 21 Beijing municipal tertiary public hospitals were selected as the research objects. The 17 tiktok numbers which had been approved by the hospital as of December 31, 2020 were included. The data of basic accounts, fans, points, themes, contents, and number of periodicity were analyzed. The theme and the number of praise of the short video tiktok that broke through 10 thousand times were analyzed. The current situation and problems of official voice in Beijing municipal hospitals were analyzed.Results:The 17 official tiktok accounts of the hospital issued 2 059 pieces of tiktok, 1 737.5 thousand fans, and 9 231.8 thousand times of points, the average number of entries was 4.5 thousand times. The official tiktok construction of Beijing municipal hospitals was still in its infancy. The problems included: the weakening of IP image and the lack of system design, lack of content productivity and interaction, unclear positioning and lack of operation strategy.Conclusions:The optimization of hospital official tiktok operation needs to properly handle the relationship between science and interest, systematicness and efficiency. We should clarify the account positioning, improve productivity, strengthen interaction, enhance linkage, and do a good job in supervision.

The propagation and education strategy of Traditional Chinese Medicine culture in the museum field: taking the Chinese medicine museum of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as an example / 国际中医中药杂志

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the treasure of Chinese civilization. It embodies the characteristics and essence of the outstanding culture of China. As the indispensable platform, Chinese medicine museum plays an important role to spread the TCM culture and educate the public. This articl analyzes the difficulties and challenges of propagation and education of TCM in the museum field, explores the effective strategies from four aspects, covering the content construction, interpretation, education activities, and temporary exhibitions. Only in this way, the public education would be promoted effectively in the museum field.

How reimbursements of blood expenses affect the voluntary blood donation recruitment: A comparative study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To discuss the influence of direct reimbursement of blood expenses in hospitals on the recruitment of blood donors in Xianyang City. 【Methods】 Blood donors or reimbursers, who reimbursed blood expenses either at hospitals or at our blood center were investigated, and these two kinds of blood expense reimbursements were compared in terms of convenience, the impact on the enthusiasm of blood donation, as well as the impact of the awareness of hospital reimbursement on the recruitment of blood donors. 【Results】 The direct reimbursement of blood expenses at hospitals took 22 minutes per person, without any round trips nor transportation costs. The rate of satisfaction, long-term intention to blood donation, and voluntary mobilization of others were 98.11%, 91.89%, and 82.56%, respectively, higher than those in the reimbursers at blood station(P<0.01). 35.16%, 38.90%, 98.56%, 94.24% and 93.37% of the blood donors, who were aware of benefits of hospital reimbursement, had donated for 2~3 times, donated more than 3 times, satisfied with the way of reimbursement, intended to redonate and mobilize others, which were higher than those who were unaware of the the hospital reimbursement(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Direct reimbursement of blood expenses at hospitals not only improved the convenience, but also increased the enthusiasm of blood donors by improving their satisfaction, which was conductive to blood donation recruitment.

A "Copa das Copas" uso político-ideológico do futebol em propaganda governamental / The "Cup of the Cups": political-ideological use of soccer in government advertisement

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar, por meio de estratégias textuais, como se deu o uso político-ideológico do futebol na propaganda do governo federal"Isso é ser brasileiro. Essa é a Copa das Copas", veiculada na mídia televisiva, em 2014.Para isso, utilizamos os pressupostos do Physical Cultural Studies. A análise evidenciou que o esporte foi utilizado pelo governo federal com fins político-ideológicos. Assim, identificamos o reforço ao sentimento de patriotismo, a presença de intencionalidades visando promover aceitação da realização da Copa do Mundo no Brasil e, relações intertextuais que visavam transmitir uma ideia positiva do governo petista, partido então no poder do Estado e que concorreria à reeleição em 2014.

The goal of the research was to analyze, through textual strategies, how the political-ideological use of football happened in the federal governmentadvertisement"This is to be Brazilian. This is theCup of the Cups", conveyed onthe television media in 2014. For this,was used the Physical Cultural Studies' assumptions. The analysis showed that the sport was used by the Federal Government with political-ideological purposes. Thus, wasidentified the reinforcement of the sense of patriotism, thepresence of intentionalities aimed at promoting the acceptationof the World Cup in Brazil and intertextual relations aimed at conveying a positive idea of the PT government, political party thatwas in thepower of the State and wouldbe competefor reelection in 2014.

Role of live webcast as a new medium in the propaganda and education of liver transplant recipients / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the role of live webcast as a new medium in the propaganda and education of liver transplant recipients. Methods According to the contents of live webcast propaganda and education meeting for liver transplant recipients, relevant data of the live webcast meeting were counted and analyzed, including baseline data of participants, participation pattern, viewing frequency and duration, etc. The characteristics between live webcast and traditional propaganda and education meetings were compared. Results By the end of the live webcast meeting, 273 participants were registered, including 2 oversea participants and 271 from China. These domestic participants were from 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China. The total number of views was 1 526. Participants attended the meeting by clicking direct link (n=243), WeChat group access (n=22), WeChat chat access (n=7) and Dingding App access (n=1). The viewing duration was (68± 5) min. Compared with the traditional method, the number and places of registers of the live webcast propaganda and education meeting were increased. The questioning methods and filling out follow-up information were more convenient. Participants could attend the meeting free from charge anywhere, and saved more time. The live webcast propaganda and education meeting was not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and data statistical method was optimized. Conclusions Live webcast as a new medium, has a wide range of advantages, which provides a novel form of propaganda and education for the recipients after liver transplantation. It is of significance to improve the long-term survival rate and to enhance the quality of life of recipients after liver transplantation.

Educação e propaganda sanitárias: desdobramentos da formação de um sanitarista brasileiro na Fundação Rockefeller / Education and health propaganda: repercussions of a Brazilian sanitarian's training at the Rockefeller Foundation

Resumo O artigo discute a influência da formação de jovens sanitaristas na Fundação Rockefeller para as ações que desenvolveram nos cargos de chefia sanitária no Brasil. São apresentados os métodos de educação e propaganda sanitárias da instituição norte-americana e os cartazes elaborados sob orientação do médico Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto na Reforma Sanitária da Bahia. Após retornar da Universidade Johns Hopkins, em Baltimore, onde foi bolsista da Rockefeller entre 1921 e 1922, o médico contribuiu para a difusão nacional dos conhecimentos adquiridos internacionalmente.

Abstract This article discusses the influence that training at the Rockefeller Foundation had on the activities early-career professionals carried out in health leadership positions in Brazil. We present methods of education and health propaganda at this American institution, as well as posters prepared at the direction of the physician Antonio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto during the health reform in Bahia. After returning from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, where he received a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship in 1921-1922, this doctor helped to distribute the knowledge he acquired abroad throughout Brazil.

Blood Donors' Perception of Incentive Campaigns / A Percepção de Doadores de Sangue sobre as Campanhas de Incentivo / La Percepción de Donantes de Sangre sobre las Campañas de Incentivo

Abstract Voluntary blood donation is the only way to supply the hemotherapic system in Brazil and it depends on the population. Inductive campaigns are tools to attract donors, but they seem not to be influencing the donation behavior. This study aimed to investigate the donors' perception of incentive campaigns for donation. Six donors participated; a number defined by saturation of the content. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and semi-structured interview about the motivations to donate, donors' perception of campaigns to which they were exposed, and their donation experiences. The thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Participants perceive a lack of emotional appeal and insufficient use of social media in campaigns to encourage donation. Results suggest campaigns should use different strategies to reach other audiences, increase the presence in social media, and relate positive feelings to the act of donating.

Resumo A doação de sangue voluntária é a única forma de abastecimento do sistema hemoterápico no Brasil e depende da população. As campanhas indutoras são ferramentas para atrair doadores, mas parecem não estar influenciando o comportamento de doação. Este estudo objetivou investigar a percepção de doadores sobre as campanhas de incentivo à doação. Participaram seis doadores, número definido pela saturação do conteúdo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semiestruturada sobre as motivações para doar, percepção dos doadores das campanhas as quais foram expostos e suas experiências de doação. A análise temática foi utilizada para examinar os dados. Os participantes percebem uma falta de apelo emocional e pouca utilização de mídias sociais nas campanhas de incentivo à doação. Os resultados sugerem que as campanhas deveriam utilizar diferentes estratégias para atingir outros públicos, aumentar a presença nas mídias sociais e relacionar sentimentos positivos ao ato de doar.

Resumen La donación de sangre voluntaria es la única forma de abastecimiento del sistema hemoterápico en Brasil y depende de la población. Las campañas de incentivo son mecanismos para atraer a los donantes, pero no parecen ejercer la influencia sobre la donación. Este estudio propone investigar la percepción de donantes sobre las campañas de incentivo a la donación. Participaron seis donantes, número definido por la saturación del contenido. Se recolectaron los datos por medio del cuestionario sociodemográfico y de entrevista semiestructurada sobre las motivaciones para donar, la percepción de los donantes sobre las campañas a las cuales fueron expuestos y sus experiencias de donación. Para examinar los datos se utilizó el análisis temático. Bajo la perspectiva de los participantes hay una falta de apelación emocional y poca utilización de los medios sociales en las campañas de incentivo a la donación de sangre. Los resultados sugieren que las campañas deberían utilizar diferentes estrategias para alcanzar otros públicos, aumentar la presencia en los medios sociales y relacionar sentimientos positivos al acto de donar.

O uso das redes sociais na odontologia: uma análise dos aspectos éticos de páginas de clínicas odontológicas / The use of social networks in dentistry: an analysis of the ethical aspects of dental clinic pages

Introdução: O avanço tecnológico e a popularização do uso da internet favorecem o uso das mídias sociais para divulgação de serviços e estabelecimentos como forma de angariar clientela, porém, estas nem sempre estão de acordo com o Código de Ética Odontológica (CEO). Objetivo: avaliar os aspectos éticos sobre o anúncio, propaganda e publicidade de páginas de clínicas odontológicas presentes na rede social Facebook®. Material e Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal, com coleta de dados em um período de duas semanas, e utilizando a ferramenta de busca da própria rede social selecionada com o termo "clínica odontológica". Cada página encontrada foi avaliada individualmente de acordo com variáveis pré-selecionadas. Resultados: foram analisadas 102 páginas e em 76,5% delas não constavam itens obrigatórios na comunicação e na divulgação, que no caso de pessoas jurídicas, incluem o nome e o número de inscrição do responsável técnico. O mesmo ocorreu com o nome representativo da profissão de cirurgião-dentista que não apareceu em 93,1% das páginas. Outro ponto a ser destacado é a exibição de imagens do "antes e depois" que foram observadas em 31,4% das páginas. Já o anúncio de modalidades de pagamento, oferecimento de serviço gratuito e de prêmios e descontos foram encontrados em, respectivamente, 5,9%, 7,8% e 5,9% dos casos. Conclusão: A maioria das páginas de clínicas odontológicas avaliadas neste trabalho está em desacordo com o CEO, no que diz respeito ao anúncio, propaganda e publicidade. Sendo assim, é necessária uma maior vigilância dos órgãos competentes para que essas irregularidades sejam apuradas e, se necessário, seus autores sejam responsabilizados.

Introduction: Technological advancement and the popularization of Internet use favor the use of social media to promote services and establishments as a way to attract clients, but these are not always in accordance with the Code of Ethical Dentistry (CEO). Objective: to evaluate the ethical aspects about the as announcement, advertisement, and publicity of pages of dental clinics present in the social network Facebook®. Material and Method: this is an exploratory cross-sectional study, in the period of two weeks, and as a search strategy the word "dental clinic" was used. Each page was evaluated individually according to pre-selected variables. Results: 102 pages were analyzed and 76.5% of them did not include the mandatory items in the communication and disclosure, which in the case of legal entities, are the name and registration number of the technical responsible. The same occurred with the representative name of the profession that did not appear in 93.1% of the pages. Another point to highlight is the display of "before and after" images that were observed on 31.4% of the pages. The announcements of payment methods, the offer of free services and prizes and discounts were found at 5.9, 7.8 and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the dental clinic pages evaluated in this study are at odds with the CDE as far as announcement, advertisement, and publicity are concerned. Therefore, more vigilance is required of the competent bodies, so that these irregularities are cleared and, if necessary, their perpetrators are held accountable.

Influência da publicidade na automedicação na população de um município brasileiro de médio porte / Influence of advertising in self-medication among the population of a brazilian midsize town

Introdução: A automedicação é uma prática que, feita de forma arbitrária, traz riscos reais à saúde da população. Entretanto, seus fatores contributivos, sobretudo a influência da propaganda no consumo de fármacos, não tem uma correlação bem estabelecida na literatura. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência da automedicação e avaliar a influência da propaganda nesse hábito. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, no município de Crato, Ceará, Brasil, com amostra de 104 pessoas. Resultados: 67% da amostra praticava automedicação. Destas, 80% conheciam os riscos para a prática. Uma parcela de 67,6% dos praticantes revelou ser influenciada pela propaganda para a escolha do medicamento e, entre eles, a taxa de automedicação foi de 1,6x maior (p=0,004). O sexo, a idade e a renda não exerceram influência sobre a referida prática (p>0,05). Conclusões: A prevalência de automedicação entre os participantes é elevada, o que denota uma necessidade real de se repensar as normas regimentais de publicidade, assim como desperta e sugere para o impacto que campanhas publicitárias bem elaboradas podem ter no público em geral, configurando uma potencial ferramenta de saúde pública.

Introduction: DSelf-medication is a practice that, when carried out in an arbitrary way, brings real risks to the health of the population. However, its contributory factors, especially the influence of advertising on drug consumption, do not have a well-established correlation. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of self-medication and to evaluate the influence of advertising on such habit. Method: A cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out in the city of Crato, Ceará, Brazil, with a sample of 104 people. Results: It was evidenced that 67% of the sample practiced self-medication, of which 80% knew the risks to practice. A portion of 67.6% of practitioners was shown to be influenced by the advertising for drug choice, and among these the selfmedication rate was 1.6x higher (p = 0.004). Sex, age and income exerted no influence the practice (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication among the participants is high, which indicates a real need to rethink the regimental norms of publicity, as well as awakens and suggests that the impact of well-designed advertising campaigns can have on the general public, making up a potential public health tool.

Técnicas persuasivas de comunicação em comerciais de alimentos para o telespectador brasileiro / Communication persuasive techniques in food commercials for the Brazilian audience / Técnicas persuasivas de comunicación en anuncios de alimentos para el telespectador brasileño

O telespectador é exposto a grande quantidade de mensagens que buscam persuadi-lo a escolher um determinado produto. A elevada proporção de propagandas de alimentos não saudáveis pode influenciar hábitos alimentares e contribuir para a obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar técnicas persuasivas de comunicação em propagandas de alimentos não saudáveis veiculadas na televisão. Uma amostra de 19 comerciais foi analisada em busca das técnicas persuasivas referidas na literatura. As técnicas mais frequentes foram conveniência, qualidade, sabor, valorização social e diversão. Também foram identificadas elevação do humor, oferta premiada, personagens animados e saudável, frequentes nos resultados de estudos nacionais e internacionais. Os resultados reforçam a pertinência do estudo psicológico das técnicas persuasivas, contribuindo para programas voltados a indivíduos que enfrentam problemas de saúde como obesidade, diabetes ou hipertensão. Podem, também, colaborar para ações preventivas para educar e conscientizar a população para a importância de escolhas mais conscientes e, possivelmente, saudáveis.

Television audience is exposed to a large amount of messages aiming at persuasion to choose a particular product. The high proportion of unhealthy food advertisements can influence eating habits and contribute to obesity. The objective of this study was to identify communication persuasive techniques in advertisements for unhealthy foods on open television. Persuasive techniques reported in the literature were searched in 19 advertisements from Brazilian TV. The most frequent techniques found were convenience, quality, taste, social value, and fun. Mood elevation, award-winning offer, animated characters, and health appeal were also observed, consistent with results of previous studies. These results reinforce the pertinence of the psychological study of persuasive techniques. Identification of such techniques can contribute to programs aimed at individuals facing health problems such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension. They can also support preventive actions to educate the population about the importance of more conscious and, possibly, healthy choices.

El espectador se expone a una gran cantidad de mensajes que buscan persuadirle a elegir un determinado producto. La elevada proporción de propagandas de alimentos no saludables puede influir en los hábitos alimentarios y contribuir a la obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar técnicas persuasivas de comunicación en propagandas de alimentos no saludables vehiculados en la televisión abierta en Brasil. Una muestra de 19 anuncios fue analizada en busca de las técnicas persuasivas referidas en la literatura. Las técnicas más frecuentes fueron conveniencia, calidad, sabor, valorización social y diversión. También se identificaron elevación del humor, oferta premiada, personajes animados y saludables, frecuentes en los resultados de estudios nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados refuerzan la pertinencia del estudio psicológico de las técnicas persuasivas, contribuyendo a programas dirigidos a individuos que enfrentan problemas de salud como obesidad, diabetes o hipertensión. Pueden también colaborar para acciones preventivas para educar y concientizar al público para la importancia de elecciones más conscientes y, posiblemente, saludables.

Influência da mídia televisiva no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por universitários / Influence of television media on alcohol consumption by university students / Influencia de los medios televisivos en el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por universitários

Objetivou-se discutir a publicidade de bebidas alcoólicas na mídia televisiva e o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por universitários por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. O estudo foi realizado com 25 artigos, das bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, publicados entre os anos 2011 e 2017. Verificou-se que a referência ao consumo de álcool na televisão tem atingido grupos vulneráveis utilizando-se de diversas estratégias que incentivam este consumo. Considera-se necessário educar os jovens de maneira que estes exerçam sua criticidade na análise do que é exposto pela mídia.

The objective was to discuss the advertising of alcoholic beverages in the television media and the consumption of alcoholic drinks by university students, through an integrative literature review. The study was conducted with 25 articles from the LILACS and MEDLINE databases, published between 2011 and 2017. It has been verified that the reference to alcohol consumption on television has reached vulnerable groups, using several strategies that encourage this consumption. It is considered necessary to educate young people so that they exercise their criticality in the analysis of what is exposed by the media.

Se objetivó discutir la publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas en los medios televisivos y el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por universitarios, a través de una revisión integrativa de literatura. El estudio fue realizado con 25 artículos de las bases de datos LILACS y MEDLINE, publicados entre los años 2011 y 2017. Se verificó que la referencia al consumo de alcohol en la televisión ha alcanzado a grupos vulnerables, utilizando de diversas estrategias que incentivan este consumo. Se considera necesario educar a los jóvenes de manera que éstos ejerzan su criticidad en el análisis de lo que es expuesto por los medios.

Application and evaluation of early drinking and eating for gastric cancer patients with multi-mode health propaganda and education during postoperative ERAS / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To explore the effect of early drinking and eating for gastric cancer patients with multimode health propaganda and education during postoperative Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).Methods:Sixty patients who would received radical operation of gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups:observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases).Patients in the observation group were employed the multi-mode health propaganda and education which were guided more detailed and quantitative regimens for early drinking and eating.Patients in the control group were carried out with routine methods.The compliance of postoperative drinking and eating,the rate of complications and patients satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The compliance of postoperative drinking and eating of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Hospital patient satisfaction in health-education projects (19.50 ± 0.50) of the observation group was significantly higher than that (16.12 ± 3.21) of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of gastrointestinal complications in the observation patients was significantly lower,compared with that in the control patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:During the postoperative ERAS for gastric cancer patients,early drinking and eating guided by multi-mode health propaganda and education is safe and effective,for which could increase the postoperative compliance,decrease the rate of complication.It is worth promoting early quantitative drinking and eating after operation.

Effect of psychosocial nursing intervention on analgesic efficacy of labour analgesia in parturients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of psychosocial nursing intervention on the analgesic efficacy of labour analgesia in parturients.Methods A total of 160 parturients,aged 18-35 yr,with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation at 38-41 week gestation,who required labor analgesia voluntarily,were divided into 2 groups (n =80 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and psychosocial nursing intervention group (group Ⅰ).The epidural catheter was placed at L2.3 interspace when the cervical dilation was 3 cm,and 0.1％ ropivacaine 12 ml was injected.And then patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) was performed.The solution for PCEA contained 0.1％ ropivacaine and hydromorphone hydrochlorid 2.5 μg/ml (diluted to 160 ml in 0.9％ normal saline).The catheter was connected to a PCEA pump programmed to deliver 6 ml with a lockout interval of 12 min,background infusion at 0.1 ml/h and limit dose of 30 ml/h.After the initial administration of ropivacaine,parturients were only informed of the usages and notice items of the PCEA pump in group C,and in addition psychological nursing intervention was carried out,and the peak effect of drugs and principle of PCEA pump were also introduced in group Ⅰ.The intensity of pain was assessed using visual analogue scale score before labour analgesia and at 15,30,60,120,180 and 240 min after labour analgesia.The development of adverse reactions such as lower extremity numbness,motor nerve block,nausea and vomiting,pruritus,urinary retention and hypotension after labour analgesia was recorded.Parturient's satisfaction with labour analgesia was evaluated at 24 h after the end of delivery,and the rate of satisfactory analgesia was calculated.Results Compared with group C,visual analogue scale scores were significantly decreased at 60,120,180 and 240 min after labour analgesia,and the rate of satisfactory analgesia was increased in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).One patient developed motor nerve block at 30 min after labour analgesia in group C,and no patient developed motor nerve block after labour analgesia in group Ⅰ.No adverse reactions such as lower extremity numbness,nausea and vomiting,pruritus,urinary retention or hypotension were found in the two groups.Conclusion Psychosocial nursing intervention can raise the analgesic efficacy of labour analgesia in parturients.

Apontamentos sobre as modalidades de intervenção social no enfrentamento das lesões e mortes causadas por acidentes de trânsito relacionados ao consumo de bebida alcoólica / Notes about the modalities of social intervention facing lesions and deaths caused by traffic accidents related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages

Resumo Este ensaio objetiva refletir, à luz dos conceitos de biopoder e de mercado simbólico, sobre as modalidades de intervenção social no enfrentamento às lesões e mortes causadas por acidentes de trânsito relacionados ao consumo de bebida alcoólica. A reflexão identificou que as duas iniciativas do Estado na redução das lesões e mortes por acidentes de trânsito envolvendo embriaguez ao volante agem no gerenciamento do risco, o que constitui um novo olhar sobre o quadro normativo que define o cidadão contemporâneo (homo medicus). Dessa forma, transfere-se aos sujeitos a responsabilidade de erradicar comportamentos de risco, estimulando-os a comportarem-se cada vez mais como empreendedores de si mesmos e de sua saúde, de sua vida e de seu ambiente, o que constitui biossociabilidade determinada pela Estrutura do Biopoder, conforme anunciou Michel Foucault. A condução de veículo sob efeito de bebida alcoólica é determinada por uma lógica de produção e consumo organizada pela lógica dos agentes econômicos que têm na comunicação midiática seu principal vetor de difusão. A subjetividade do mercado simbólico concebida nessa lógica é protegida por meio de anteparos jurídicos e financeiros do Estado, cujo conteúdo privilegia a acumulação capitalista, em detrimento da saúde. Ela ainda enaltece a figura do cidadão-­consumidor na racionalidade reguladora neoliberal que hipervaloriza a individualidade na esfera privada e não promove o engajamento com potencial cívico de consumo e nem aproximação dos indivíduos com problemas coletivos.

Abstract This essay aims to reflect, in the light of the concepts of biopower and symbolic market, on the modalities of social intervention in facing of lesions and deaths caused by traffic accidents related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The study identified that the two State initiatives in reducing lesions and deaths from traffic accidents involving drunk driving act on risk management, which is a new perspective at the regulatory framework that defines the contemporary citizen (homo medicus). Thus, the responsibility to eradicate risk behavior is transferred to individuals, encouraging them to increasingly behave like entrepreneurs of themselves and their health, life, and environment, which constitutes biossociability determined by the Structure of Biopower, as announced by Michel Foucault. Driving a vehicle under the influence of alcoholic beverages is determined by a logic of production and consumption organized by the logic of economic agents that have on media communication their main dissemination vector. The subjectivity of the symbolic market designed by this logic is protected through legal and financial apparatus of the State, whose content focuses on capitalist accumulation, at the expense of health. It also extols the figure of the consumer-citizen within the regulatory and neoliberal rationality that overvalues the individuality in the private sphere and does not promote the engagement with civic potential of consumption or the approximation of individuals with collective problems.