Prospective insight into the role of benzyl propylene glycoside as a modulator of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the management of nonalcoholic fatty pancreas animal model

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatitis (NAFP) is one of the metabolic syndrome manifestations that need further studies to determine its molecular determinants and find effective medications. We aimed to investigate the potential effect of benzyl propylene glycoside on NAFP management via targeting the pancreatic cGAS-STING pathway-related genes (DDX58, NFκB1 & CHUK) and their upstream regulator miRNA (miR-1976) that were retrieved from bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: The rats were fed either normal chow or a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS), as a nutritional model for NAFP. After 8 weeks, the HFHS-fed rats were subdivided randomly into 4 groups; untreated HFHS group (NAFP model group) and three treated groups which received 3 doses of benzyl propylene glycoside (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks, parallel with HFHS feeding. RESULTS: The molecular analysis revealed that benzyl propylene glycoside could modulate the expression of the pancreatic cGAS-STING pathway-related through the downregulation of the expression of DDX58, NFκB1, and CHUK mRNAs and upregulation of miR-1976 expression. Moreover, the applied treatment reversed insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis observed in the untreated NAFP group, as evidenced by improved lipid panel, decreased body weight and the serum level of lipase and amylase, reduced protein levels of NFκB1 and caspase-3 with a significant reduction in area % of collagen fibers in the pancreatic sections of treated animals. CONCLUSION: benzyl propylene glycoside showed a potential ability to attenuate NAFP development, inhibit pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis and reduce the pathological and metabolic disturbances monitored in the applied NAFP animal model. The detected effect was correlated with modulation of the expression of pancreatic (DDX58, NFκB1, and CHUK mRNAs and miR-1976) panel.

Penetration enhancer for pharmacy prepared compound terbinafine ointment / 药学实践杂志

Objective To screen and identify the penetration enhancer in pharmacy prepared compound terbinafine ointment. Methods In vitro percutaneous penetration test was conducted with vertical Franz diffusion pool. The SD rat's abdomen skin was used for permeable membrane and 60% polyethylene glycol 400-40% saline for receiving liquid to analyze different osmotic promoters. Results The permeability of compound terbinafine ointment was significantly higher with 10% propylene glycol than 15% propylene glycol. The compound terbinafine ointment with 10% propylene glycol was also better than 3% azone in permeability. Conclusion 10% propylene glycol was selected to be the penetration promoter for pharmacy prepared compound terbinafine ointment, which improved the solubility of the drug in the skin.

Biomechanical modeling and experimental research of peripherally inserted venous catheter / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To conduct theoretical analysis and experimental research on peripherally inserted venous catheters, establish theoretical models of interaction between different materials catheters and simulated skin tissues, and test different catheters at the same time to provide theoretical basis and experimental basis for the optimization design.Methods:According to the mechanical properties of the catheter at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃, a finite element model of the catheter and simulate skin tissue was established. The relationship between catheter folds and material and structure during puncture was analyzed, and the stiffness, radiographic properties, etc. were tested experimentally.Results:The performance of the catheter at different temperatures is closely related to its material. The wrinkle situation of the catheter is related to the catheter material and the inclination of the wedge surface. The elastic modulus of the polyurethane (PU) catheter is about 500 MPa and 250 MPa, respectively at room temperature (25 ℃) and body temperature (37 ℃), which meets the clinical needs of high rigidity during puncture and soft material during indwelling. When the catheter structure is the same, the PU catheter is less prone to wrinkles than the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) catheter. When the catheter material is the same, the smaller the inclination of the wedge surface, the less likely the catheter to wrinkle.Conclusions:Appropriately reducing the inclination of the wedge-shaped surface of the needle of peripherally inserted venous catheters can improve the success rate of puncture. The PU catheters have good mechanical properties, they are not prone to wrinkles during puncture, and their stiffness can be reduced at body temperature, which can not only increase the success rate of puncture, but also reduce the occurrence of complications. Therefore, PU catheters have a better clinical application prospect.

Analysis of monosaccharide composition and monosaccharide ratio in propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate drugs by high performance anion exchange chromatograghy -pulsed amperometric detection / 药学学报

The paper aims to establish the method to determine the monosaccharide composition and monosaccharide ratio in propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate (PSS). Samples were hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid, neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution after the reaction conditions for sample pretreatment were optimized via orthogonal analysis. A high performance anion exchange chromatograghy (HPAEC) coupled with pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) was performed on a CarboPac®PA20, using 200 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution and 1 mol·L-1 sodium acetate solution as mobile phase. The established HPAEC-PAD method was validated by testing the linear relationship, precision and accuracy, and showed exclusive, sensitive, rapid and wide use. The monosaccharide composition of PSS from different manufacture can be accurately determined with great significance for the structural identification of PSS.

Determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To establish a method for the determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine using headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography.@*Methods@#The 1-methoxy-2-propanol was enriched by headspace solid phase micro-extraction fiber coated with carbene/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) . Single factor rotation method was used to optimize the conditions of extraction temperature, salt amount, and extraction time. The separation was performed on DB-5 (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm) capillary column and detected with flame ionization detector. The quantification was based on the standard curve.@*Results@#The concentration of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine was linear in the range of 0.50-10.0 mg/L, and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9993. The detection limit of the method was 0.14 mg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.45 mg/L. The recovery was 85.8% to 104.7%, and the RSD of intra- and inter-batch precision were 3.25%-6.65% and 0.81%-3.96%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The method is high sensitivity and simple operation, and is suitable for the determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine of occupational exposure population.

Study on the Preparation and Preliminary Stability of Three Liposomes with Different Solvent Medium / 中国药师

Objective:To prepare three kinds of liposomes with different solvent medium named common liposomes, ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes,screen and optimize the preparation process,and investigate the stability preliminarily. Methods:Common liposomes were prepared by a thin film dispersion method, and ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes were prepared by an injection method. With the same formula compositions,the size distribution of common liposomes was studied with hydration time, water bath temperature and rotation speed. The size distribution of ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes was studied different volume ratio of alcohol to water, stirring speed and mode of membrane passmg. An orthogonal design was adopted to obtain the optimal preparation technology based on the influences. Preliminary stability of the three different solvent medium liposomes was evaluated respectively on 0,1st,15th and 30th day using the changes of morphology and the mean particle size as the indicators. Results:The results of orthogonal test showed that the best preparation method for common liposomes was as follows:the hydration time was 60 min,the water bath temperature was 50℃ and the rotation speed was 200 r·min-1. The best preparation method for ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes was as follows:the volume ratio of alcohol to water was 1:2,the stirring speed was 1 000 r·min-1and the mode of membrane passing was 0.45 μm at first and then changed to 0.22 μm. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the three liposomes were closed monolayer or multilayer cystic spherosomes. The average diameter of common liposomes, ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposome was (1 016.2 ± 135.6),(578.7 ± 89.2) and (351.4 ± 53.8) nm, respectively. All the three liposomes were unstable during the one-month observation period. After the 15-day storage, obvious delamination appeared.Conclusion:Three different solvent medium liposomes prepared with the best process are in micro-scale or nano-scale. They are in poor stability, which should be freshly prepared before use.

Comparative Study on Acellular Dermal Graft Versus Propylene Mesh Both Either Loaded or Unloaded with BM-MSCs in Healing of Skull Bone Defect in Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Bone defect occurs as a consequence of many conditions. Diseased bones don’t heal properly and defects in face area need proper bone reconstruction to avoid psychological and social problems. Tissue engineering is an emerging new modality of treatment. We thought to study different methods to fill skull bone defect in rats in order to find the most safe and effective method. So, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of acellular dermal graft (ADM) versus propylene mesh both either loaded or unloaded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in healing of skull bone defect of a 5 mm diameter. The study included 36 adult male Wistar albino rats that were divided into three groups according to the way of filling skull bone defect. Group I: Ia (sham control), Ib (negative control). Group II: IIa (unseeded propylene), IIb (seeded propylene) and Group III: IIIa (unseeded ADM), IIIb (seeded ADM). The trephine operation was done on the left parietal bone. Specimens were collected four weeks postoperative and processed for H&E, osteopontin immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscope. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed. After studying the results of the experiment, we found that propylene mesh and ADM were suitable scaffolds that could support new bone formation in clavarial bone defect. Healing of skull bone defect was better in rats that received seeded scaffolds more than rats with unseeded scaffolds. The seeded ADM showed significant increase in bone forming activity as confirmed by histomorphometric and statistical results.

Influence of the calcium hydroxide paste vehicle on penetration into lateral canals / Influência do veículo da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio na penetração em canais laterais

Objective: The aim of this study was to use Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the influence of the type of vehicle associated with calcium hydroxide on its ability to penetrate simulated lateral canals. Material and Methods: 30 acrylic blocks with simulated lateral canals comprising apical, middle and cervical thirds were used in the in vitro study. The blocks were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the type of vehicle used (chlorhexidine, distilled water and propylene glycol) in the calcium hydroxide slurry, which was inserted in the respective group of simulated canals with a K# 30 file and then agitated with an ultrasonic tip. The blocks were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after insertion of the medication. The images obtained were reconstructed and analyzed to obtain the initial volume of lateral canals and the volume of medication that penetrated into them. Results: In the intragroup analysis, both distilled water and chlorhexidine 2% were observed to present statistical difference in all thirds of the canal. Propylene glycol showed no intragroup difference. In the inter-group analysis, the propylene glycol paste presented higher values of penetration into the simulated lateral canals than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: Propylene glycol used as vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste provided better penetration results in simulated lateral canals (AU).

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar por meio da microtomografia computadorizada a influência do tipo de veículo associado ao hidróxido de cálcio na capacidade de penetrar em canais laterais simulados. Material e Métodos: No estudo foram utilizados 30 blocos de acrílico com canais laterais simulados nos terços apical, médio e cervical. Os blocos foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o tipo de veículo utilizado (clorexidina, água destilada e propilenoglicol) na pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, foram inseridos com auxílio de uma lima tipo k 30 e em seguida agitadas com ultrassom. Os blocos foram escaneados em microtomografia computadorizada antes e após a inserção da medicação. As imagens obtidas foram reconstruídas e analisadas obtendo o volume inicial dos canais laterais e o volume de medicação que penetrou nos mesmos. Resultados: Na análise estatística intragrupo observou-se que tanto a água destilada quanto a clorexidina 2% apresentaram diferença estatística em todos os terços do canal. O propilenoglicol não apresentou diferença intragrupo. Já na análise entre os grupos, a pasta com propilenoglicol apresentou maior penetração nos canais laterais simulados (p<0,05). Conclusão: O propilenoglicol utilizado como veículo da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio permitiu melhores resultados de penetração em canais laterais simulados. (AU).

Spectrophotometric evaluation of calcium ion release from different calcium hydroxide preparations: an in-vitro study

Abstract: Pulp tissue conditions such as infections have long been treated with calcium hydroxide (CaOH). In the last decade, use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has gained ground. This study was carried out to comparatively evaluate the Ca release from CaOH powder with different vehicles and different types of MTA. Materials and Methods: 40 single rooted mandibular premolars were selected, decoronated and biomechanically prepared. They were randomly divided into four groups, consisting of 10 samples each. Root canals were packed with different preparations of CaOH and MTA. Calcium ion release was evaluated with an UV-spectrophotometer. Result: Amongst the CaOH preparations, using propylene glycol as a vehicle produced extended release of calcium ions (7.34 +/- 0.01) for a period of 14 days. Whereas, amongst MTA based products, MTA angelus produced the maximum release of calcium ions (2.42 +/- 0.010). A statistically significant difference was present between the four groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Propylene glycol mixed with CaOH powder, produces a higher and extended release of calcium ions compared to distilled water. MTA angelus produces consistent calcium ion release.

Effects of propylene glycol mannite sulfate on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin -1βin the rat with diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AIM: To investigate the influence of propylene glycol mannite sulfate ( PGMS ) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor -α( TNF-α) and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) , in diabetic retinopathy by a rat model, to study the mechanism of PGMS against diabetic retinopathy, and provide a reliable theoretical and experimental evidence for the PGMS to be applied to clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.?METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups, normal control group, diabetic control group and PGMS in group, the PGMS in groups included the doses of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg. 1% streptozotocin ( STZ) of 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in rats to establish the diabetic models. The PGMS with the doses of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg were used to gavage in different groups of models for 12wk.Twelve weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and retinas were isolated. The aqueous humors and serums were taken, expressions of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in retinas, aqueous humors and serums were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , respectively.The location and the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in retina tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.?RESULTS: Twelve weeks after the use of PGMS, the level of blood glucose was not changed.ELISA showed that the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in serum and retina was significantly increased in diabetic control group than in normal control group(P<0.05), but in the groups which PGMS was given reduced, lower than those in diabetes mellitus( DM) group, especially as the concentration of PGMS increased ( P<0.05 ).But the levels of aqueous humor's TNF-αand IL-1βproteins in PGMS group were not reduced.Immunohistochemistry showed that the TNF -α protein was almost not expressed in normal control group. But the TNF-αprotein was highly expressed in diabetic control group. The expression mainly located in the ganglion cell layer, the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment epithelium. The TNF-αprotein was weakly expressed at the group of 50mg/kg PGMS, the TNF-αprotein was almost not expressed at the group of 100mg/kg PGMS.When the normal control group was detected, the IL-1βprotein was weakly expressed in the outer plexiform layer.But the IL-1βprotein was also highly expressed in diabetic control group.The expression mainly located in the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment epithelium. The IL -1βprotein was weakly expressed at the group of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg PGMS.?CONCLUSION:PGMS can treat the diabetic retinopathy by downregulating the expressions of TNF-αand IL-1βin early diabetic retinopathy.PGMS maybe have a good control effect on early diabetic retinopathy.

Content Determination of Polymer in Acitve Pharmacentical lngredient Cefatrizine Propylene Glycol by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of polymer in cefatrizine propylene glycol. METHODS:High performance sephadex gel chromatography was performed on the column of Sephadex G-10 with mobile phase A of 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer [0.01 mol/L Disodium hydrogen phosphate solution-0.01 mol/L Sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (61∶39,V/V)](pH7.0)and mobile phase B of water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and volume injection was 200μl. RESULTS:The linear range of polymer was 2.07-103.30 mg/ml(r=0.999 4);the limit of quantitation of 10.4 ng,limit of detection was 4.1 ng;RSDs of precision and reprodicibility tests were lower than 3%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is specific with high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and can be used for the content determination of polymer in active pharmacentical ingredient cefatrizine propylene glycol.

Determination of propylene glycol content in recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) injection by GC / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To establish a method to detect the content of propylene glycol in the recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (rhGLP-1) (7-36) injection by gas chromatography (GC). Methods: GC was performed using a quartz capillary column (30 m×320 μm,0.5 μm) with the mobile phase of N2 and inlet temperature of 230℃ at the flow rate of 1ml/min and column temperature of 250 ℃, the injection volume was 1μl. Results: The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.5-1.5 mg/ml, r=0.9991. The average recovery rate was 100.2%; under different chromatographic conditions, the method had good stability, RSD was less than 2.0%. Conclusion: This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be applied in the determination of propylene glycol content in rhGLP-1 (7-36) injection.

Determination of propylene glycol content in recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) injection by GC / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To establish a method to detect the content of propylene glycol in the recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1(rhGLP-1)(7-36) injection by gas chromatography(GC). Methods GC was performed using a quartz capillary column (30 m ×320 μm,0.5 μm) with the mobile phase of N2 and inlet temperature of 230℃ at the flow rate of 1ml/min and column temperature of 250 ℃, the injection volume was 1μl. Results The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.5-1.5 mg/ml, r=0.9991. The average recovery rate was 100.2%; under different chromatographic conditions, the method had good stability, RSD was less than 2.0%. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be applied in the determination of propylene glycol content in rhGLP-1(7-36) injection.

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Mucoadhesive Film for Buccal Administration.

Objectives: Buccal films consist mainly of polymer that has a good mucoadhesive profile and plasticizer. A lot of polymers and plasticizers can be used to configure the mucoadhesive films as hydroxyethyl cellulose and glycerin respectively. Material and Methods: Films prepared by dispersing the polymer, mixing it with plasticizer and pouring it in Petri dishes to be dried and cut finally. Physicochemical tests were used to evaluate the films. These tests are organoleptic evaluation and polymer and plasticizer selection, determination of rheological properties of polymers, film thickness, and determination of moisture content, determination of moisture uptake and evaluation of mechanical properties. Results and Conclusions: It was found that films prepared from polyvinyl alcohol 2% (w/w) especially with the addition of propylene glycol 20% from the weight of the polymer have excellent characteristics. This formula has promising organoleptic and mechanical properties and its solution is Non-Newtonian pseudoplastic. Moreover, this formula is very thin and has moderate percent of moisture content and moisture uptake. Also, it has high elongation with moderate tensile strength. As a result, it is better to prepare the film by these ingredients to obtain an ideal mucoadhesive formula.

Structure confirm of impurities of cefatrizine propylene glycolate / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the structures of the impurities of cefatrizine propylene glycolate.

Research progress in the content assay methods of sulfate polysaccharide drugs / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To review the progress in the content assay methods of sulfate polysaccharide drugs. METHODS: By nonsuiting the literature at home and abroad in recent years, the content assay methods of sulfate polysaccharide drugs, including direct staining method, acid-degradation color-development method, photometric titration, liquid chromatography and biopotency, are introduced and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The specificity, precision and accuracy, feasibility of practical operation and the instrument cost of the five methods are different. But high performance liquid chromatography method with good specificity, high sensitivity, and accuracy can give more accurate result of the drug content. It is more widely applied in the determination of drug content, so it will be the main method of content assay in the future.

Efeito da administração de propileno glicol e cobalto associado à vitamina B12 sobre o perfil metabólico e a atividade enzimática de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês no periparto / Effect of propylene glycol, cobalt and vitamin B12 on the metabolic profile and enzymatic in Santa Inês ewes in peripartum

(AU)O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da administração de propileno glicol e cobalto associado à vitamina B12 sobre o perfil metabólico e a atividade enzimática de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês no período do periparto. Foram utilizadas 18 ovelhas prenhes, pesando em torno de 40kg. Aproximadamente 30 dias antes da data prevista para o parto foram separadas de maneira aleatória em três grupos e administrados os suplementos conforme a seguir: (G1/n=6) grupo que recebeu propileno glicol (30mL por via oral diariamente); (G2/n=6) grupo que recebeu cobalto (1mg de cloreto de cobalto a 1%, via oral diariamente) associado a vitamina B12 (2mg via intramuscular, semanalmente) e (G3/n=6) grupo controle. As amostras de sangue das ovelhas para avaliação do perfil metabólico e enzimático (glicose, β-hidroxibutirato-BHB, NEFA, proteína total, albumina, uréia, creatinina, AST, GGT, FA e CK) foram colhidas 30 dias antes da data prevista para o parto, uma semana antes (ante-parto), no parto, às 24h, 72h, 5 dias, 15 dias e 30 dias após o parto. Não foi observado cetonúria nos momentos que antecederam ao parto. A administração dos suplementos não influenciou sobre o perfil metabólico, protéico e energético, assim como não houve comprometimento hepático das ovelhas no período do periparto.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the administration of propylene glycol and cobalt associated with vitamin B12 on the metabolic profile and enzymatic activity of Santa Inês ewes in the peripartum period. A total of 18 pregnant ewes, weighing around 40kg were used. Approximately 30 days before the expected date of delivery were randomly separated into three groups and administered supplements as follows: (G1/n = 6) group received propylene glycol (30mL orally daily); (G2/n = 6) group receiving cobalt (1mg cobalt chloride 1%, orally daily) associated with vitamin B12 (2mg intramuscular weekly) and (G3/n = 6) control group. Blood samples from ewes to evaluate the enzymatic and metabolic profile (glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, BHB, NEFA, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, AST, GGT, ALP and CK) were taken 30 days before the date set for delivery, one week before (ante partum), delivery at 24h, 72h, 5 days, 15 days and 30 days after delivery. ketonuria was not observed in pre partum. The administration of supplements had no effect on the metabolic profile, protein and energy, and no liver disorders was observed in peripartum.(AU)

Efecto del vanaiio en catalizadores derivados d materiales tipo hidrotalcita een deshidrogenación oxidativa de propnoo / Effect ofvanadiuum in catalysts derived fom hydrotalcite-like materials in oxidative dehidrogenation of propnee / Efeito dovanádioo em catalisadores derivaos de materiais tipo hidrotalciita na desidrogenação oxidativa de propano

Dos nuevos materiales tipo hidrotalcita, basados en NiCoCr y NiCoFe, se obtuvieron por el método hidrotérmico. Estos materiales se modificaron con especies de vanadio por intercambio iónico. Los sólidos se caracterizaron usando difracción de rayos X (DRX), análisis elemental (absorción atómica), y análisis termogravimétrico (ATG). Los sólidos con y sin intercambio se trataron térmicamente para obtener los respectivos óxidos mixtos, que posteriormente se evaluaron en la reacción de deshidrogenaciónoxidativa de propano (Dhop) a una velocidad espacial de 50 mL/min g y en un rango de temperatura comprendido entre 250 y 500 °C. Los estudios catalíticos mostraron un efecto positivo al incorporar el vanadio para el material NiCoCr, mientras que para el sistema NiCoFe modificado se observó una disminución en su actividad catalítica.

Two novel hydrotalcite-like materials have been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. Using ionic exchange method, the materials have been modified with vanadium species. Characterization of the materials was carried out by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analyses (atomic absorption), and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Modified and non-modified materials have been calcined in order to obtain respective mixed oxides, which were tested in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) at a space velocity of 50 mL/min g with a temperature range between 250-500 °C. The catalytic studies showed a positive effect by incorporating vanadium for NiCoCr system, while for the NiCoFe modified system a decrease in catalytic activity was shown.

Dois novos materiais tipo hidrotalcita baseados em NiCoCr e NiCoFe obtiveram-se pelo método hidrotérmico. Esses materiais foram modificados com espécies de vanádio por troca iô nica. Os materiais caracterizaram-se usando difração de raios X (DRX), análise elementar (absorçãoatômica) e análisetermogravimétrica (ATG). Os sólidos com e sem troca foram tratados termicamente para obter os respectivos óxidos mistos, que posteriormente se avaliaram na reação de desidrogenaçãooxidativa de propano (DHOP) a uma velocidade espacial de 50 mL/min g e em uma faixa de temperatura entre 250 a 500 °C. Os estudos catalíticos mostraram um efeito positivo ao incorporar o vanádio para o material NiCoCr, enquanto para o sistema NiCoFe modificado foi observada uma diminuiçãona sua atividade catalítica.

Transdermal permeation in vitro of Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm / 中草药

Objective: To study the transdermal penetration absorption of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the monarch drug in Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm and to optimize the transdermal penetration enhancers of Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm. Methods: The Franz diffusion cell was used to study the in vitro permeation behavior, and salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone IIA were chosen as indexes. Samples with different penetration enhancers were assayed by HPLC method to determine the cumulative permeation quantity and permeation rate of salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone IIA. Results: When azone - propylene glycol (1:1), the permeation rates of salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone IIA through rat skin in vitro were 3.62 and 1.35 μg/(cm2·;h), respectively, and the 24 h permeated amounts were 88.72 and 16.12 μg/cm2, respectively. Compared with the Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm without penetration enhancers, the permeation rates increased by 6 and 10 times, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of Azone - propylene glycol (1:1) is an effective penetration enhancer both to water-soluble salvianolic acid B and liposoluble Tanshinone IIA.

Avaliação imunodermatológica da resposta ao propilenoglicol e ao butilenoglicol - revisão bibliográfica sistemática / Immuno-dermatologic evaluation of the response to propylene glycol and butylene glycol - a systematic bibliographic review / Endereço para correspondência:Estrada da Gávea 847/402CEP 22610-000 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ.

Tanto o propilenoglicol quanto o butilenoglicol são substâncias químicas utilizadas em larga escala como excipientes em uma miríade de produtos dermatológicos. Todavia, há relatos de reações adversas dérmicas associadas a ambas, descritas sob a forma de relatos de caso e de estudos epidemiológicos. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi o de medir a frequência de publicação de relatos de caso em dermatite de contato a ambas substâncias, através de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática. Objetivos secundários foram caracterizar sua epidemiologia, classificação, apresentação clínica, abordagens diagnósticas mais praticadas e formas de tratamento. Concluímos que o propilenoglicol apresentou uma frequência de publicação de relatos de caso sobre reações adversas dermatológicas superior ao butilenoglicol e que sua etiopatogenia, apresentação clínica e metodologia diagnóstica estão melhor descritas na literatura.Abreviaturas: AAD - American Association of Dermatology DCA - Dermatite de Contacto Alérgica DCI - Dermatite de Contacto Irritativa LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde PUT - Provocative Use Test ROAT - Repeated Open Application Test TNF - Tumor Necrosis Factor.