Arquitectura de información para indicaciones médicas de signos vitales y ventilación

Introducción: La Historia Clínica es el documento principal en el sistema de información hospitalaria, imprescindible en sus vertientes asistencial y administrativa. Las nuevas tecnologías de la Informática y las comunicaciones han permitido informatizar todos los procesos del sistema de salud. Desde el punto de vista técnico, la informatización de los registros médicos, debe tener en cuenta la correcta descripción de las indicaciones médicas, más aún en los pacientes hospitalizados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, por su estado de gravedad. Objetivo: desarrollar el prototipo de la aplicación informática que permitirá la gestión de la información del registro de las indicaciones médicas de signos vitales y ventilación de las historias clínicas en el Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente León Cuervo Rubio de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Métodos: la investigación que se describe obedeció a un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico, para su desarrollo se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: la investigación permite a los programadores desarrollar la aplicación informática para el registro de las indicaciones médicas de signos vitales y ventilación en la historia clínica tradicional, por una solución informatizada, a partir de la descripción del negocio, sus requisitos e interacciones. Conclusiones: se alcanzó un gran impacto social en nuestro sistema de salud tanto a nivel provincial como nacional, ya que no existe este sitema y beneficiaria tanto al paciente, como a los profesionales y a la misma institución al abaratar los costos.

Introduction: The Clinical History is the main document in the hospital information system, essential in its care and administrative aspects. The new information technology and communications have made it possible to computerize all the processes of the health system. From a technical point of view, the computerization of medical records must take into account the correct description of medical indications, especially in patients hospitalized in intensive care units, due to their state of seriousness. Objective: to develop the prototype of the computer application that will allow the management of the information of the registry of the medical indications of vital signs and ventilation of the medical records at the León Cuervo Rubio Teaching Clinical-Surgical Hospital in the province of Pinar del Río. Methods: the research that is described obeyed a study of technological development, for its development theoretical and empirical methods were used. Results: the research allows the programmers to develop the computer application for the registration of the medical indications of vital signs and ventilation in the traditional clinical history, by a computerized solution, based on the description of the business, its requirements and interactions. Conclusions: a great social impact was achieved in our health system both at the provincial and national level, since this system does not exist and it would benefit patient, professional and the institution itself by reducing costs.

Comparative study of rat serum pharmacochemistry between Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and serum pharmacochemistry were employed to study the migrating components in rat sera after intragastric administration of the water extracts of Puerariae Lobatae Radix(PLR) and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix(PTR). After the respective intragastric administration of PLR and PTR extracts, blood samples were collected from the orbital vein. The serum samples were treated by protein precipitation method with methanol and acetonitrile at a ratio of 1∶1 and then passed through Agilent ZORBAX RRHD SB-C_(18) column(3 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) and Agilent SB-C_(18) pre-column(3 mm×5 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase. The elution was performed at the flow rate of 0.25 mL·min~(-1), the column temperature of 40 ℃, and the injection volume of 2 μL. By comparison of the total ion chromatogram and secondary fragment ion information of PLR and PTR water extracts, PLR-and PTR-containing sera, and blank serum, we found 42 migrating components(including 17 prototype components and 25 metabolites) in the sera of rats treated with PLR and 35 migrating components(including 15 prototype components and 20 metabolites) in the sera of rats treated with PTR. Thirty-three common components were shared by the two treatments, including 13 prototype components and 20 metabolites. The differences of migrating components in the PLR-and PTR-treated rat sera provide a scientific basis for further study of the active components and quality markers of PLR and PTR.

Protótipo didático automatizado de ventilação pulmonar exibe uma simulação de variações de pressão intratorácica durante a função diafragmática / Automated didactic prototype of pulmonary ventilation exhibits a simulation of intrathoracic pressure variations during diaphragmatic function

O movimento do ar do ambiente para os alvéolos é um fenômeno vital e complexo que ocorre devido às variações nas pressões intratorácicas e nas vias aéreas em relação à atmosfera. A construção de protótipos didáticos pode minimizar a abstração necessária nestes fenômenos in vivo. Neste estudo, automatizamos um protótipo didático de ventilação pulmonar já descrito na literatura para simular e exibir variações na pressão intratorácica durante a função diafragmática. Um protótipo de ventilação pulmonar (PV) foi produzido com materiais recicláveis, e automatizado adaptando um sensor de pressão no sistema para gerar curvas de pressão em função do tempo durante a simulação da função diafragmática. A tração descendente do êmbolo automatizado induzida pelo servomotor (como o diafragmático) reduziu a pressão dentro da garrafa (intratorácica), e esta variação pode ser observada graficamente em uma interface de computador enquanto o balão foi expandido, e o ar atmosférico invadiu seu interior. Conclusão: A incorporação da tecnologia em um protótipo PV simples permitiu uma demonstração segura e simulada de como o diafragma induz a variação da pressão intratorácica em relação à atmosfera concomitantemente com a deformação pulmonar que ocorre durante a inspiração e a exalação.

The movement of air from the environment to the alveoli is a vital and complex phenomenon that occurs due to variations in intrathoracic and airway pressures in relation to the atmosphere. The construction of didactic prototypes can minimize the abstraction required in these in vivo phenomena. In this study, we automated a didactic prototype of pulmonary ventilation already described in literature to simulate and exhibit variations in intrathoracic pressure during diaphragmatic function. A pulmonary ventilation (PV) prototype was produced with recyclable materials, and automated by adapting a pressure sensor in the system to generate pressure curves as a function of time during the simulation of diaphragmatic function. The automated plunger's downward traction induced by the servomotor (such as diaphragmatic) reduced the pressure inside the bottle (intrathoracic), and this variation can be observed graphically on a computer interface while the balloon was expanded, and atmospheric air invaded its interior. Conclusion: The incorporation of technology into a simple PV prototype allowed a safe and simulated demonstration of how the diaphragm induces the variation of the intrathoracic pressure in relation to the atmosphere concomitantly with the pulmonary deformation that occurs during inspiration and exhalation.

Meu Estágio Enfermagem: criação e avaliação de um protótipo de aplicativo para apoio no estágio curricular supervisionado em enfermagem / My Nursing Internship: creation and evaluation of an application prototype to support the supervised curricular internship in nursing

Introdução: O estágio curricular supervisionado é um importante instrumento utilizado na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, que visa proporcionar aos alunos o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de enfermagem e o desenvolvimento de uma visão crítica e reflexiva da profissão. Entretanto, não são poucas as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas envolvidos ao longo deste processo, incluindo questões burocráticas, organizativas e pedagógicas. Algumas dessas dificuldades podem ser amenizadas com o uso de tecnologias educacionais digitais especialmente desenvolvidas para esse fim, uma vez que permitem acesso a informações com bases científicas, controle de horários, realização de registros e cálculos, entre outras atividades pertinentes ao estágio. Objetivo: Desenvolver e avaliar um protótipo de aplicativo educacional para apoiar alunos e docentes durante os estágios. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratória e descritiva, de produção tecnológica. No desenvolvimento do protótipo do aplicativo, utilizou-se como referencial metodológico o Design Thinking, para os momentos de inspiração, implementação e ideação, precedido de revisão da literatura sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos e docentes durante os ECS. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvida a primeira versão do protótipo para interação com especialistas em inovação e tecnologia e alunos de enfermagem, resultando na nova versão submetida à avaliação de nove juízes docentes enfermeiros, nove especialistas em informática e nove alunos do curso técnico em enfermagem. Na avaliação do protótipo foram utilizados os instrumentos System Usability Scale, Net Promoter Score e de Avaliação da Qualidade Adaptado de Sperandio (2008). Na análise dos dados foram empregadas técnicas de estatísticas descritivas. Para concordância entre os avaliadores, adotou-se a análise AC1, de acordo com Gwet (2008). Resultados: Foi desenvolvido um protótipo de aplicativo de média fidelidade, com as seguintes funcionalidades: disponibilização das escalas de estágio, chat de comunicação entre docentes e alunos, registro de presença no estágio com geolocalização, disponibilização das técnicas de enfermagem, checklist das técnicas realizadas, recurso para cálculos de medicação e gotejamento, registros de enfermagem, consulta dos planos de trabalho docente, informações para segurança do paciente, código de ética e normas e rotinas dos estágios. Com base nas avaliações foi possível considerar a viabilidade do protótipo de aplicativo. As avaliações do score SUS alcançaram o melhor resultado possível, com valores de 91,4 e 91,9 entre os alunos e enfermeiros docentes, respectivamente. O NPS ficou na zona de excelência com média de respostas 94,4. Na avaliação da qualidade nos itens funcionalidade, confiabilidade, usabilidade, eficiência, manutenibilidade e portabilidade, a média das respostas dos enfermeiros docentes, alunos e especialistas em informática ficou dentro do esperado. Importantes sugestões foram feitas e permitirão novas implementações a partir da visão dos usuários finais. A avaliação dos especialistas em informática identificou a necessidade de melhorias, sobretudo nos itens confiabilidade, eficiência, manutenibilidade e portabilidade. A avaliação da concordância evidenciou a discordância dos avaliadores, o que reitera a necessidade de aperfeiçoar versões futuras do protótipo, bem como de considerar novas avaliações. Conclusão: O protótipo de aplicativo desenvolvido tem potencial para colaborar no desenvolvimento dos ECS em enfermagem, além de apresentar caráter inovador. Além disso, considera-se relevante a avaliação futura dos aspectos pedagógicos, não contemplados neste estudo

Introduction: The supervised curricular internship is an important instrument used in the training of nursing professionals, which aims to provide students with the improvement of nursing techniques and the development of a critical and reflective view of the profession. However, there are many difficulties faced by those involved throughout this process, including bureaucratic, organizational and pedagogical issues. Some of these difficulties can be alleviated with the use of digital educational technologies specially developed for this purpose, as they allow access to scientifically based information, control of schedules, carrying out records and calculations, among other activities relevant to the internship. Objective: Develop and evaluate an educational application prototype to support students and faculty during internships. Method: This is an applied, exploratory and descriptive research of technological production. In the development of the application prototype, Design Thinking was used as a methodological framework, for moments of inspiration, implementation and ideation, preceded by a literature review on the difficulties faced by students and teachers during the ECS. Subsequently, the first version of the prototype was developed for interaction with innovation and technology specialists and nursing students, resulting in the new version being evaluated by nine nurse faculty judges, nine informatics specialists and nine students from the technical nursing course. In the evaluation of the prototype, the instruments System Usability Scale, Net Promoter Score and Quality Assessment Adapted from Sperandio (2008) were used. In the data analysis descriptive statistics techniques were used. For agreement between the evaluators, the AC1 analysis was adopted, according to Gwet (2008). Results: A prototype of a medium-fidelity application was developed, with the following features: availability of internship schedules, communication chat between professors and students, registration of internship attendance with geolocation, availability of nursing techniques, checklist of performed techniques, resource for medication and drip calculations, nursing records, consultation of teacher work plans, patient safety information, code of ethics and internship rules and routines. Based on the evaluations, it was possible to consider the feasibility of the application prototype. The evaluations of the SUS score achieved the best possible result, with values of 91.4 and 91.9 among students and teaching nurses, respectively. NPS was in the zone of excellence with an average of 94.4 responses. In assessing the quality of the items functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and portability, the average of the responses of professors, students and computer specialists was within expectations. Important suggestions were made and will allow new implementations from the end users' perspective. The assessment of computer specialists identified the need for improvements, especially in the items reliability, efficiency, maintainability and portability. The agreement assessment evidenced the evaluators' disagreement, which reiterates the need to improve future versions of the prototype, as well as to consider new assessments. Conclusion: The developed application prototype has the potential to collaborate in the development of ECS in nursing, in addition to presenting an innovative character. In addition, the future assessment of pedagogical aspects not covered in this study is considered relevant

Development of a lumbosacral intervertebral cage prototype for dogs / Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de cage intervertebral lombossacro para cães

Several surgical procedures aim to decompress and/or stabilize the lumbosacral (LS) joint of dogs; however, the lumbar interbody fusion technique, by using a cage combined with a bone graft, is the most indicated and used in human medicine. No specific implant is available for application to the canine lumbosacral joint. Thus, this study measured lumbosacral discs in large dogs, determined whether a human cage model could fit the dogs' L7-S1 intervertebral space, and developed a LS cage prototype for dogs. Ten cadaveric lumbosacral spines from adult dog weighing 20-35kg were used. The dogs had died for reasons unrelated to this study. The vertebral body dimensions and the L7-S1 intervertebral space occupied by the intervertebral disc were measured by lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs and by computed tomography in the dorsal, sagittal, and transverse views. Measurements were also taken of the anatomical specimens in the sagittal and transverse planes. After measuring the intervertebral discs, the following mean measures were obtained for L7-S1 discs: height 12.23mm, dorsal thickness 3.3mm, central thickness 4mm, ventral thickness 5.5mm, and width 24.74mm. The human lumbar cage models from brands LDR, Baumer Orthopedics, Stryker, Synthes, and Vertebral Technologies, Inc. and cervical stabilization cages from the brands B-Braun and Stryker were evaluated and were found to be unsuitable for large dogs. Cervical human cages had measurements similar to those found in this study; however, due to their quadrangular shape, the possibility of being introduced surgically through the surgical accesses available for the articulation between L7-S1 in dogs without injuring the cauda equina or the L7 root is small. A cage model was then developed using 3D modelling software. It was designed for insertion via dorsal laminectomy in the lateral portions of the intervertebral space. To avoid cauda equina lesion, the implant model was developed to be placed laterally to the midline. The cage surface is serrated to prevent using the locking screw to fix it, thus avoiding further injury to nerve structures. The serrated surfaces are also designed to avoid cage migration and promote stability. The prototype allows graft placement in the surrounding intervertebral space, which is fundamental for fusion through integration between the cage and the endplates as well as for bone growth between and around the cage. It was also considered studies on humans showing that the lateral regions of the endplates support a more considerable load. Biomechanical and in vivo studies on the developed model are necessary to evaluate the actual degree of distraction, mobility and the long-term rate of fusion between L7 and S1 and its possible impact on the adjacent motor units, combined or not with dorsal fixation techniques.(AU)

Vários procedimentos cirúrgicos visam descomprimir e/ou estabilizar a articulação lombossacra (LS) de cães; no entanto, a técnica de fusão lombar, usando um cage intersomático combinado com um enxerto ósseo, é a mais indicada e utilizada na medicina humana. Não há implante específico disponível para aplicação na articulação lombossacra canina. Assim, neste estudo foi realizada a mensuração do espaço do disco intervertebral lombossacro de cães de raças grandes, para verificar se algum modelo de cage usado na medicina humana poderia ser usado no espaço intervertebral L7-S1 de cães. O segundo objetivo foi desenvolver um protótipo de cage lombossacro para cães. Foram utilizadas dez colunas lombossacras provenientes de cadáveres de cães adultos com peso entre 20 e 35kg. Os cães vieram a óbito por razões não relacionadas a este estudo. As dimensões do corpo vertebral e o espaço intervertebral L7-S1 ocupado pelo disco intervertebral foram medidos por radiografias laterais e ventrodorsais e por tomografia computadorizada nos cortes dorsal, sagital e transversal. Também foram realizadas mensurações das peças anatômicas nos planos sagital e transversal. Após a mensuração dos discos intervertebrais, foram obtidas as seguintes medidas médias dos discos L7-S1: altura 12,23mm, espessura dorsal 3,3mm, espessura central 4mm, espessura ventral 5,5mm e largura 24,74mm. Os modelos de cage lombar humano das marcas LDR, Baumer Orthopaedics, Stryker, Synthes e Vertebral Technologies, Inc. não possuíam dimensões adequadas para os cães. Cages de estabilização cervical das marcas B-Braun e Stryker também foram avaliados e apresentaram medidas semelhantes às encontradas neste estudo; no entanto, devido à sua forma quadrangular, a possibilidade de serem introduzidos cirurgicamente através das abordagens disponíveis para a articulação entre L7-S1 em cães sem lesionar a cauda equina ou a raiz L7 é pequena. Um modelo de cage foi então desenvolvido usando-se o software de modelagem 3D. Foi projetado para inserção via laminectomia dorsal nas porções laterais do espaço intervertebral. Para evitar a lesão da cauda equina, o modelo de implante foi desenvolvido para ser colocado lateralmente à linha média. A superfície do cage é serrilhada para evitar o uso do parafuso de travamento, evitando-se lesões adicionais às estruturas nervosas. As superfícies serrilhadas também foram projetadas para evitar a migração do cage e promover estabilidade. O protótipo permite a colocação do enxerto no espaço intervertebral circundante, fundamental para a fusão através da integração entre o cage e as placas vertebrais terminais, bem como para o crescimento ósseo entre e ao redor do implante. Também foram considerados estudos em seres humanos que mostraram que as regiões laterais das placas vertebrais terminais suportam uma carga maior. São necessários estudos biomecânicos e in vivo do modelo desenvolvido para avaliar o grau real de distração, mobilidade e a taxa de fusão a longo prazo entre L7 e S1 e seu possível impacto nas unidades motoras adjacentes, quando combinado ou não com técnicas de fixação dorsal.(AU)

Identification of Prototype Compounds and Their Metabolites in Rat Plasma After Oral Administration of Aurantii Fructus Extract by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the serum pharmacochemistry of Aurantii Fructus （AF）， and to investigate the pharmacological material basis of AF extract in rats. Method:Rapid identification and speculation of the prototype constituents and their metabolites in vivo were carried out according to the relative retention time， accurate relative molecular mass， cleavage fragments of MS/MS and neutral loss of metabolites with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） technique by comparing the differences between different samples such as AF extracts， blank plasma， and administered plasma under the same chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. Result:After oral administration of the AF extract， 74 transitional constituents absorbed into the blood were detected in serum， in which 49 compounds were prototype constituents and the other 25 were metabolites. The prototype constituents could be divided into dihydroflavones， polymethoxyflavonoids， limonins， coumarins and alkaloids. The identified metabolites included glucuronic acid conjugates， sulfuric acid conjugates， hydroxylated products of flavonoid glycosides and polymethoxyflavonoids， as well as the simultaneous glucuronidation and sulfation products. Conclusion:The constituents absorbed into the blood and their metabolites may be the pharmacodynamic components of AF. Among them， alkaloids， polymethoxyflavonoids and coumarins are mainly introduced into the blood in the prototype form， while naringin and neohesperidin （the index components） exert effect mainly through hydrolysis into aglycones. This work will help to further elucidate the material basis of AF.

In vitro antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of a porous scaffold containing magnesium / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The three-dimensional organic/inorganic scaffold materials using polymer/bioceramic composites can endow the necessary physical and chemical properties and enhance the mechanical properties of the materials. However, most bone substitution materials cannot prevent infection at the defect site. It has been found that the degradation of magnesium can produce local alkaline environment, so that magnesium has certain antibacterial activity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of magnesium-containing scaffolds. METHODS: Polylactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate/magnesium porous scaffolds were prepared by low-temperature rapid prototyping technology. The PTM (2:1) and PTM (1:2) groups referred to two mixing mass ratios (β-tricalcium phosphate:magnesium = 2:1 and 1:2), respectively. Two scaffolds of polylactic acid (P group) and polylactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate (PT group) were also prepared by low-temperature rapid prototyping technology. The surface morphology, pore size, porosity and compression modulus of the scaffolds were measured. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 35923) was seeded on the scaffolds of each group for 24 hours. The antibacterial activity of the scaffolds was observed through spread plate method and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Mouse preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were co-cultured with the scaffolds of each group. The cell attachment and proliferation were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A relatively uniform porous structure was found on the scaffold surfaces in each group. There were no significant differences in the pore size and porosity among groups (P > 0.05). (2) The compression modulus in the PTM (2:1) and PTM (1:2) groups were significantly higher than those in the P and PT groups (P 0.05). (4) After 6 hours of culture, the number of attached cells in the PT, PTM (2:1) and PTM (1:2) groups was greater than that in the P group (P 0.05). (5) At 1 day of culture, the cell proliferation in the PT group was superior to that in the P group (P 0.05). (6) These results indicate that the polylactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate/magnesium scaffold not only possesses good antibacterial activity, but also exhibits excellent cytocompatibility and certain anti-compressive ability.

Prototipo móvil para fomentar el uso de condón en jóvenes mexicanos: un estudio de caso / Mobile Prototype for the Promotion of Condom Use in Mexican Youth: a Case Study

Se han utilizado aplicaciones móviles para promover el uso del condón que carecen de fundamento teórico y no consideran la opinión de los usuarios en su desarrollo por lo que han sido evaluadas negativamente. El objetivo fue desarrollar y evaluar una aplicación móvil para promover el uso correcto y consistente del condón en jóvenes mexicanos con riesgo de VIH, basado en enfoque de pensamiento de diseño centrado en el usuario. Utilizando metodología cualitativa se realizaron tres fases. En la primera fase, inspiración, se identificaron las necesidades de 9 jóvenes con respecto al uso del prototipo. En la segunda fase, ideación, se transformaron estas necesidades en soluciones y se validaron en 15 jóvenes. En la tercera fase, implementación, se realizó una prueba de usabilidad en otros 15 jóvenes. En conclusión, este enfoque ofreció una solución práctica para el desarrollo de un prototipo móvil para fomentar el uso de condón en jóvenes(AU)

Mobile applications have been used to promote the use of condoms, but those have no theoretical basis and do not consider the opinion of users in their development, which is why they have been evaluated negatively. The objective was to develop and evaluate a mobile application to promote the correct and consistent use of the condom in youth at risk of HIV, based on a user-centered design thinking approach. Using qualitative methodology, three phases were carried out. In the first phase, inspiration, the needs of 9 young people were identified with respect to the use of the prototype. In the second phase, ideation, these needs were transformed into solutions and validated in 15 youths. In the third phase, implementation, a usability test was conducted on other 15 youths. In conclusion, this approach offered a practical solution for the development of a mobile prototype to encourage the use of condoms in young people(AU)

Prototipo de Silla de Ruedas Dirigida Usando Parpadeos / A Wheel Chair Prototype Moved by means of Eye Blinks

Resumen El presente trabajo describe un prototipo de una silla de ruedas que es dirigido hacia enfrente y hacia atrás usando 2 o 3 parpadeos, respectivamente, y es detenido cuando se alcanzan ciertos niveles de atención. El objetivo principal es que las personas que tienen discapacidad motora en sus extremidades puedan usarlo para desplazarse y les brinde autonomía. Para captar la señal de los parpadeos, se utilizó la diadema MindWave Mobile de Neurosky. Se implementó un circuito electrónico en conjunto con Arduino que permite complementar la ejecución del accionamiento del prototipo. El prototipo se probó con 10 personas cuyas edades oscilan entre 20 y 35 años. Los resultados muestran que, en un 80% de los casos, el prototipo se mueve correctamente. La gran ventaja del presente trabajo es que la interfaz cerebro-computadora con la que cuenta este prototipo no requiere entrenamiento previo del sistema, por lo cual, puede ser usado por cualquier persona. Además, su costo es más accesible comparado con otros dispositivos para el mismo fin.

Abstract The present work describes a prototype of a wheel chair directed by means of eye blinks, which can be moved forwards, and backwards using 2 or 3 eye blinks, respectively, and stopped when a certain attention level is met. The main objective of this work is to help people, who have motor disabilities on their arms and legs, move and have autonomy. In order to register the eye blinking signals, the MindWave Mobile device from Neurosky was used. Moreover, an electronic circuit in combination with Arduino has been used to make the prototype work. This prototype has been tested in 10 healthy people from 20 to 35 years old. According to the results, in 80% of the cases the prototype worked correctly. The main advantage of the present work is that the brain-computer interface, which is part of the prototype, does not require training, and hence, it could be used by most of the people. Moreover, its cost is less than similar devices.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis of Brain and Blood Absorption Components of Buyang Huanwu Tang After Intragastric Administration / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze and identify the brain and blood absorption components of rats after intragastric administration of Buyang Huanwu Tang(BYHWT). Method:The brain tissue,plasma of normal rats and the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.The prototype components in BYHWT were identified according to retention time,accurate relative molecular weight,primary and secondary mass spectrometry data. Result:After the administration of BYHWT,five compounds were found to enter the normal brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier and identified as calycosin-7-glucoside,albiflorin,formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl,safflower yellow A and astragaloside A;two compounds penetrated the blood-brain barrier and entered modeling brain tissue,and they were identified as calycosin-7-glucoside and formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl;seven compounds entered normal plasma and were identified as calycosin-7-glucoside,albiflorin,hydroxysafflor yellow A,et al;three compounds entered model plasma and identified as calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl,6″-O-acetyl-(6αR,11αR)-9,10-dimetho-xypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside and formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6″-O-acetyl. Conclusion:BYHWT has different pharmacological material basis in normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats.

Desenvolvimento de um protótipo lúdico para reabilitação motora de crianças com encefalopatia crônica não progressiva da infância / Development of a playful prototype for motor rehabilitation of children with Childhood Chronic Non-progressive Encephalopathy

NTRODUÇÃO: A Encefalopatia Crônica Não Progressiva da Infância - ECNPI é um transtorno complexo de grande impacto na vida da pessoa acometida, na dinâmica familiar, na sociedade e interfere nas políticas públicas, por representar uma condição clínica crônica complexa e que gera custos elevados para seu tratamento. As demandas de cuidados de crianças com ECNPI requerem a articulação de vários atores e cenários e impõem constantes desafios às famílias e aos profissionais de saúde, em particular para os fisioterapeutas, dada a necessidade de buscar um equilíbrio entre as atividades desempenhadas, a motivação das crianças e a eficácia da terapia estabelecida. Uma das tendências que vem revolucionando o campo da neuropediatria é a intervenção através de ambientes de Realidade Virtual (RV), utilizando-se o videogame como abordagem terapêutica. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um protótipo lúdico, do tipo serious game, para o suporte no tratamento reabilitatório motor de crianças com ECNPI. MÉTODO: Estudo metodológico, que descreve os passos para o desenvolvimento desse protótipo lúdico, fundamentado na abordagem centrada no usuário. O recrutamento foi realizado em dois centros de reabilitação especializados em crianças neurotípicas e a etapa de desenvolvimento computacional foi realizada em uma instituição federal de ensino superior, com coleta de dados no período de janeiro de 2018 a abril de 2019, totalizando 32 participantes. A primeira etapa da pesquisa objetivou identificar as necessidades de reabilitação motora das crianças. Conduziram-se dois grupos focais, com a participação de oito mães de crianças com diagnóstico de ECNPI, para identificar as necessidades motoras de seus filhos. Realizou-se análise de contéudo do tipo dedutiva desses dados e elaboraram-se as categorias: o cuidado cotidiano das crianças com ECNPI; desafios motores das crianças com ECNPI; a importância da reabilitação e dificuldades no desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas. A avaliação motora clínica foi realizada com 12 crianças com ECNPI, utilizando-se o instrumento Gross Motor Function Measure. Uma equipe multiprofissional, composta por quatro profissionais de saúde, também contribuiu para traçar o perfil das necessidades de reabilitação motora dessas crianças. Ao término dessa primeira etapa, foi possível delimitar os conteúdos específicos da tecnologia com profissionais da área computacional que mapearam essas solicitações em requisitos funcionais e não funcionais presentes no protótipo. A terceira etapa constou de um pré-teste utilizando o protótipo lúdico, na qual participaram quatro crianças com diagnóstico de ECNPI e suas mães, bem como profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar. Esta fase objetivou validar a viabilidade do protótipo como ferramenta auxiliar para potencializar a reabilitação motora das crianças em sessões de fisioterapia. RESULTADOS: O protótipo apresenta um ambiente tridimensional, utilizando o sensor Kinect para a captura dos movimentos corporais, visando auxiliar no controle motor dessas crianças. Foram desenvolvidos três módulos: balões, figuras geométricas e corrida, ou seja, jogos com enfoque na estimulação motora ampla e fina, direcionados especificamente para as necessidades das crianças com ECNPI. O pré-teste mostrou o protótipo lúdico como altamente promissor. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados desta pesquisa contribuem para apoiar o processo reabilitatório em fisioterapia neurológica infantil, proporcionando motivação e ludicidade nos atendimentos e, em conjunto, potencial para aprimorar as habilidades motoras das crianças em seguimento e fortalecer o cuidado integral dessa clientela

INTRODUCTION: Childhood Chronic Non-progressive Encephalopathy - CCNPE is a complex disorder that has a great impact on the life of the person affected by family dynamics and in society and interferes in public policies because it represents a complex chronicle clinical condition that generates high costs for its treatment. The demands of childcare with CCNPE require the articulation of several actors and scenarios and impose constant challenges on families and health professionals, in particular on physical therapists, given the need to strike a balance between the activities performed, the motivation of the children, and the efficacy of the established therapy. One of the trends that has revolutionized the field of neuropediatrics is the intervention through Virtual Reality (VR) environments, using videogame as a therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE: To develop a playful prototype, serious game type, for support in the motor rehabilitation treatment of children with CCNPE. METHOD: Methodological study, which describes the steps for the development of this prototype ludic, based on the user-centered design approach. Recruitment was carried out at two rehabilitation centers specialized in neurotypical children and the step of computational development ocurred at a federal institution of higher education, with data collection from January 2018 to April 2019, totaling 32 participants. The first stage of the research aimed to identify the needs of children's motor rehabilitation. Two focus groups were conducted, with the participation of eight mothers of children diagnosed with CCNPE, to identify the motor needs of their children. Deductive data analysis was performed and the categories were elaborated: the daily care of children with CCNPE; motor challenges of children with CCNPE; the importance of rehabilitation and difficulties in the development of play activities. Clinical motor assessment was performed with 12 children with CCNPE, using the Gross Motor Function Measure instrument. A multiprofessional team, composed of four health professionals, also contributed to the profile of the motor rehabilitation needs of these children. At the end of this first stage, it was possible to delimit the specific contents of the technology with professionals of the computational area that mapped these requests of the functional and non-functional requirements present in the prototype. The third stage consisted of a pre-test using the play prototype, in which four children with a diagnosis of CCNPE and their mothers, as well as professionals from the multidisciplinary team participated. This phase aimed to validate the viability of the prototype as an auxiliary tool to enhance the motor rehabilitation of children in physiotherapy sessions. RESULTS: The prototype presents a three-dimensional environment, using the Kinect sensor to capture body movements, aiming to assist in the motor control of these children. Three modules were developed: balloons, geometric figures, and running, that is, games focused on gross and fine motor stimulation, specifically targeted to the needs of children with CCNPE. The pre-test showed the playful prototype as highly promising. CONCLUSION: The results of this research contribute to support the rehabilitation process in children's neurological physiotherapy, promoting motivation and playfulness in their assistance. The results also contributes to improve the motor skills of the children in follow-up and strengthening the comprehensive care of this clientele

Development of a natural molluscicide prototype kit (MoluSchall) for the control of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission

Abstract INTRODUCTION In Brazil, Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila, and B. straminea are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the etiological agent of schistosomiasis mansoni. Molluscicide use is recommended by the WHO for controlling the transmission of this parasite. Euphorbia milii latex has shown promising results as an alternative molluscicide. Thus, a natural molluscicide prototype kit based on freeze-dried E. milii latex was developed and evaluated against Biomphalaria spp. METHODS E. milii latex was collected, processed, and lyophilized. Two diluents were defined for freeze-dried latex rehydration, and a prototype kit, called MoluSchall, was produced. A stability test was conducted using prototype kits stored at different temperatures, and a toxicity assay was performed using Danio rerio. Additionally, MoluSchall was tested against B. glabrata under semi-natural conditions according to defined conditions in the laboratory. RESULTS MoluSchall was lethal to three Brazilian snail species while exhibiting low toxicity to D. rerio. Regardless of storage temperature, MoluSchall was stable for 24 months and was effective against B. glabrata under semi-natural conditions, with the same LD100 as observed under laboratory conditions. CONCLUSIONS MoluSchall is a natural, effective, and inexpensive molluscicide with lower environmental toxicity than existing molluscicides. Its production offers a possible alternative strategy for controlling S. mansoni transmission.

A 3D printed model for radius curvus surgical treatment planning in a dog / Modelo impresso em 3D usado num planeamento cirúrgico de um cão com radius curvus

An 8 month-old, 10 kg male Azawakh dog was presented due to worsening forelimb gait and exercise intolerance. The right forelimb presented gross angular limb deformity with carpal valgus and radial procurvatum. Surgical planning based on radiographs allowed calculation of the centers of rotation and angularity (CORAs). The computer tomography data were used to generate 3D reconstructions of the antebrachium to aid the detection of the orthopaedic problems. With proper imaging software, the nature of the deformity and its degree were quantified using a previously unreported method based on the CORAs as a 3D printed model of anatomical area of interest. This 3D printed model was used by the surgeon to simulate the surgery with all orthopaedic steps, which included a partial ulna osteotomy and a double cuneiform osteotomy of the radius performed at the level of CORAs and stabilized with bone plates and screws. After 7 weeks, radiographs revealed bone union. At 8 months after surgery the animal presented a complete recovery of the involved forelimb. CORAs method combined with computed tomography and 3D model was useful to plan and simulate surgical procedures, including the corrective surgery of forelimb deformities in a dog which improved the surgical efficiency comparatively to the conventional pre-operative study.(AU)

Um cão com 8 meses de idade, 10kg de peso vivo, macho da raça Azawakh foi apresentado à clínica devido à intolerância ao exercício e agravamento da marcha do membro anterior. O membro anterior direito apresentou uma deformidade angular com valgus carpal e com um procarvatum radial. O planeamento cirúrgico inicialmente baseado em exames radiográficos possibilitou o cálculo dos centros de rotação e angulação articulares (CORAs). O exame de tomografia computadorizada foi utilizado juntamente com um software de imagiologia para obter o modelo 3D virtual da área anatómica de interesse que foi posteriormente impresso em 3D e que permitiu quantificar micrometricamente a deformação óssea presente. Este modelo 3D foi utilizado pelos cirurgiões para executar uma simulação cirúrgica completa que englobou todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos, que incluiu a realização de várias osteotomias e aplicação do material cirúrgico (placas e parafusos). Com base na simulação cirúrgica foi executada a cirurgia ao animal. Decorridas sete semanas, as radiografias demonstraram uma correta regeneração óssea. Oito meses após a cirurgia o animal apresentou uma recuperação completa. O método dos CORAs juntamente com a tomografia computadorizada e com a utilização do modelo 3D revelou-se útil no planeamento e na simulação dos vários procedimentos cirúrgicos, resultando numa melhoria significativa da eficiência cirúrgica.(AU)

Association between parental authority prototype and perceived self-esteem of adolescent nursing students at UERMMMCI / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#Parental authority prototype may greatly influence how adolescent nursing students can demonstrate skills on how they provide quality nursing care to patients in the future. This study aimed to determine the association between parental authority prototype and perceived self-esteem among adolescent nursing students. @*METHODS@#The researchers administered the Parenting Authority Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to nursing students 16 to 19 years old to determine the maternal and paternal parenting types of the respondents and their level of self-esteem, respectively. Chi-square was used to determine the association between parenting style and self-esteem. @*RESULTS@#Normal levels of self-esteem were seen in 70% of respondents and almost one-third were considered to have low self-esteem. The most common parenting style among both the respondents' mothers and fathers was authoritative. There were more authoritative mothers than fathers and twice as many authoritarian fathers than mothers. Paternal parental authority prototype was associated with the respondents' self-esteem (x2 = 19.19, p < 0.05) but the maternal authority prototype was not.@*CONCLUSION@#Paternal, but not maternal, parental prototype is associated with the perceived self-esteem of adolescent nursing students. The most common parenting style was authoritative for both mothers and fathers.

CAD-CAM en prótesis total. Reporte de caso / CAD-CAM in complete dentures. Case report

Antecedentes: En los últimos 15 años, la robótica ha incursionado en el campo de la prostodoncia total a través de la cual se han desarrollo técnicas clínicas y de laboratorio para elaborar dentaduras. Objetivo: Rehabilitar un paciente desdentado total con una técnica actual que utiliza la robótica y acrílicos industrializados. Descripción del caso: El tratamiento prostodóntico de un paciente desdentado total superior e inferior se realizó mediante tecnología de diseño y manufacturación asistidas por computador (CAD-CAM). Resultado: Se emplearon impresiones digitales y acrílicos industriales de alto rendimiento, así como escáner, programa de computador y fresadora. El caso fue exitoso en cuanto a estabilidad, retención y soporte del tratamiento efectuado.

Background: In the last 15 years, robotics has started to be used in the field of complete denture prosthodontics through the development of clinical and laboratory techniques to elaborate dentures. Purpose: To rehabilitate an edentulous patient with an innovative technique using robotics and industrialized acrylics. Description of the case: Prosthodontic treatment of a completely edentulous patient was performed using computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology. Results: Digital impressions and industrial acrylics, as well as scanner, software, and dental milling machine. The case was successful regarding stability, retention, and support of the treatment carried out.

The Research on Cognitive Prototype of Water Dampness Phlegm Cognitive Prototype Study in Phlegm Retention Disease / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In ancient China,there are many medical researchers studying in diseases recorded in Jin Gui Yao Lue such as wet disease,water qi disease,sputum drinking disease.However,these research methods and results fail to receive persistent development in modern studies.In this articles,metaphorical cognition was used to relate wet disease,water qi disease,sputum drinking disease to fog,cloud and water (or ice) respectively,to reacquaint these diseases.And in addition,relationships between the three diseases and the corresponding natural phenomena were discussed as well.We emphatically come up with the idea that the wet disease in traditional Chinese medicine theoretic system is not equal to the conception of edema.Instead,according to wet disease part in Jin Gui Yao lue,the characters of this disease is more like the changes of cloud.In the matter of treatment theory,we investigate the application of method of analogy to explain related formula.As a result,we found the compatibility rule of ancient prescription for wet disease followed the process of hydrological cycle in nature.

Advances in Research on Toxic Side Effects and Mechanism of Drugs Induced by Enterohepatic Cycle / 医药导报

The enterohepatic circulation is an important form of drug absorption and excretion.Drugs with enterothepatic circulation can induce toxic side effects,and elucidate the mechanism of induced side effects is a necessary understanding of the phenomenon of adverse drug reaction.Enterohepatic circulation of drugs involves in two ways:one is based on the drug prototype for enterohepatic circulation;the other is phase Ⅱ metabolic pathway for enterohepatic circulation.In this paper,two kinds of enterohepatic circulation were reviewed.The toxic side effects of six kinds of drugs with enterohepatic circulation were introduced,and the possible mechanism were described and discussed,so as to have contributed to more rational use of drugs in clinical practice.Furthermore,it can promote the research and development of new drugs.

Analysis on transitional components in blood after oral administration of saffron extracts in rats / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the transitional components in blood after oral administration of saffron extracts in rats, in order to initially reveal in vivo potential effective substance and metabolic process of the main components absorbed into blood. Methods: The constituents of saffron and metabolites in rat plasma sample after oral administration of saffron were investigated using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Results: Eleven chemical constituents in saffron were identified, and four compounds, including one prototype and three metabolites, were detected in rat plasma sample. Among them, picrocrocin was absorbed in prototype, whereas crocins were absorbed in metabolites (crocetin and crocetin-monoglucuronide). Crocin-I and crocin-II, used as quality evaluation of saffron in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, were not discovered at all time points. Picrocrocin achieved a Cmax value at 1 h after administration, while metabolites, crocetin, achieved two Cmax values respectively at 0.5 h and 2 h. Conclusion: Picrocrocin and metabolic products absorbed into blood may be the effective components of saffron. The work may provide a reference for reasonably choosing the quality control index and improving the quality control standards, and may also lay a foundation for further researching the pharmacokinetics of saffron.

Identification of components and metabolites of Mentha haplocalyx in rats plasma by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中草药

Objective To investigate the prototype components and metabolites of Mentha haplocalyx in rats plasma. Methods UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was developed and applied to identify the components and metabolites of rat plasma. The analysis was carried out on an Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm, Agilent) with the mobile phase of 0.1% acetic acid solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) at a flowing rate of 0.3 mL/min, and the injection volume was 5 μL. Results The developed method was applicable to the analysis and identification of metabolites of M. haplocalyx after oral administration. A total of 67 compounds, including 28 prototype components and 39 metabolites (one of which was a new metabolite of luteolin unreported), were identified by comparison of their retention time, ion fragmentation information with that of the blank biological samples, herb extract, and reference compounds. Conclusion The metabolic pathway of M. haplocalyx in rats were consisted of oxidation, reduction, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation, and the main metabolic pathway was phase II metabolic pathway among of them. This experimental method is simple and reliable, which could provide theoretical basis for elucidating the bioactive components of M. haplocalyx.

Identification of absorbed components and their metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Liujing Toutong Tablets by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS / 中草药

Objective To study the serum pharmacochemistry of Liujing Toutong Tablets (LTT). This study could be helpful to elucidate the bioactive constituents of LTT. Methods HPLC-Q/TOF-MS was used to analyze the ingredients in rats blood plasma with LTT (ig). Results By comparing the information on the total ion chromatogram, extraction chromatogram and the mass spectrogram of LTT, rat serum with drug and blank serum sample was used to confirm the constituents of LTT in vivo. As a result, a total of 46 compounds were detected in rat plasma, including 24 absorbed prototype constituents, such as puerarin, and 22 of the metabolites. Conclusion The compounds are absorbed into the blood might function as real bioactive constituents and this study can provide a scientific fundament for bioactive substances of LTT.