Estresse juvenil de curta frequência e intensidade não afeta a substância branca cerebral de ratos / Juvenile stress of short frequency and intensity does not affect rats´ brain white matter

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos duradouros de dois tipos de estresse sobre o corpo caloso (CC). Foram estudados 42 ratos Wistar machos divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo Controle (GC), Estresse Físico (EF, imobilização) e Estresse Psicológico (EP, exposição ao predador). Os procedimentos de estresse ocorreram durante três dias consecutivos na idade juvenil (P25-P27) e foram analisados na idade adulta (P74). Os cérebros foram coletados, processados com a técnica de Klüver-Barrera, e secções foram analisadas por meio de morfometria. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve alterações em aspectos gerais como peso dos animais, e histológicos como espessura do CC e quantidade dos núcleos gliais nesta região. O estudo sugere que os efeitos duradouros de ambos os modelos de estresse juvenil de curta frequência (3 dias) e intensidade (90 minutos/EF e 20 minutos/EP) não foram nem prejudiciais e nem protetores, o que pode ser considerado uma adaptação positiva.

The current study evaluates the lasting effects of two types of stress on the corpus callosum (CC). Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), Physical Stress (FS, immobilization) and Psychological Stress (PS, exposure to predators). Stress procedures occurred for three consecutive days at the juvenile stage (P25-P27) and analyzed at the adult age (P74); brains were retrieved and processed by Klüver-Barrera technique and sections were analyzed by morphometry. Results showed that there were no changes in the general aspects such as animal weight, and in the histological aspects such as CC thickness and quantity of the region´s glia nuclei. Current research suggests that the lasting effects of both models of juvenile stress of short frequency (3 days) and intensity (90 minutes/FS and 20 minutes/PS) were neither detrimental nor protective, featuring a positive adaptation.

Relationship between psychosocial stress dimensions and salivary cortisol in military police officers / Relación entre las dimensiones del estrés psicosocial y el cortisol en la saliva de policías militares / Relação entre as dimensões do estresse psicossocial e o cortisol salivar em policiais militares

Abstract Objective: to analyze the relationship between psychosocial stress dimensions and salivary cortisol in military police officers. Method: cross-sectional and analytical study with 134 military police officers. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model scale has been used to assess psychosocial stress. Salivary cortisol was collected in three samples. The following tests were used: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. Pearson and Spearman correlation methods were used, as well as multiple linear regression. Cortisol at night showed an ascending statistical association with the psychosocial reward (p=0.004) and a descending association with the effort-impairment scores (p=0.017). Being part of the Special Tactical Operations Group (GATE) and the diastolic blood pressure explained 13.5% of the variation in cortisol levels on waking up. The sectors GATE, Special Patrol of the Elite Squad of the Military Police and Motorcyclists explained 21.9% of the variation in cortisol levels 30-minute after awakening. The variables GATE sector and Effort Dimension explained 27.7% of the variation in cortisol levels at night. Conclusion: it was evidenced that salivary cortisol variation was influenced by individual, labor and psychosocial variables.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las dimensiones del estrés psicosocial y el cortisol en la saliva en policías militares. Método: estudio transversal y analítico con 134 policías militares. La escala del Modelo Desequilibrio Esfuerzo-Recompensa (DER) evaluó el estrés psicosocial. El cortisol en la saliva fue recolectado en tres muestras. Fueron utilizados las pruebas: t de Student, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis y Dunn. Se hicieron correlaciones de Pearson y de Spearman, así como regresión linear múltiple. El cortisol noche presentó asociación estadística ascendente con la recompensa psicosocial (p=0,004) y descendente con los puntajes de esfuerzo-comprometimiento (p=0,017). Pertenecer al Grupo de Operaciones Tácticas Especiales (GATE) y la presión arterial diastólica explicaron 13,5% de la variabilidad del cortisol al despertar; los sectores GATE, Patrulla Especial de la Tropa de Elite de la Policía Militar y Motociclistas explicaron 21,9% de la variabilidad del cortisol de 30 minutos después de despertar; y las variables sector GATE y la Dimensión Esfuerzo explicaron la variabilidad del cortisol noche en 27,7%. Conclusión: se evidenció que la variación del cortisol en la saliva fue influenciada por variables individuales, laborales y psicosociales.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a relação entre as dimensões do estresse psicossocial e o cortisol salivar em policiais militares. Método: estudo transversal e analítico com 134 policiais militares. A escala do Modelo Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER) avaliou o estresse psicossocial. O cortisol salivar foi coletado em três amostras. Foram utilizados os testes: t de Student, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn. Fez-se correlações de Pearson e de Spearman, bem como regressão linear múltipla. O cortisol noite apresentou associação estatística ascendente com a recompensa psicossocial (p=0,004) e descendente com os escores de esforço-comprometimento (p=0,017). Pertencer ao Grupo de Operações Táticas Especiais (GATE) e pressão arterial diastólica explicaram 13,5% da variabilidade do cortisol ao acordar; os setores GATE, Patrulha Especial da Tropa de Elite da Polícia Militar e Motociclistas explicaram 21,9% da variabilidade do cortisol de 30 minutos após acordar; e as variáveis setor GATE e a Dimensão Esforço explicaram a variabilidade do cortisol noite em 27,7%. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que a variação do cortisol salivar foi influenciada por variáveis individuais, laborais e psicossociais.

DEPRESSIVE STATE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Diabetes is known to be directly and indirectly associated with stress. Many researchers havereported that diabetes is actually induced by stress and several hormones includ¬ing cortisolare known to be involved.14 Though tight glycemic control is viewed as a primary indicator offavorable diabetes outcomes metabolic control , medication, and physical activity, contribute toa patient’s success in achieving desirable glycemic control. Our study aimed to evaluate improvesdepressive state in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) by education. The cohort survey was conducted in Ulaanbaatar. For the study we 150 patients newly diagnosed T2DM, who have met the inclusion criteria and agreed with informed consent. We have evaluated self-management control, beliefs about illness, depression. We measured anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), levels of HbA1C, lipids and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at the baseline, in 3 and up to 6 months in educated and noneducated groups. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS 16 software.The study involved newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes 49,4±8,9 years men 65 (43,6%), women 85(56,7%) and 39,3% of the participants had a family history of diabetes. After 6 months self- control of blood glucose (p=0.046) significantly improved in educated newly diagnosed patients with T2DM. Problem areas in diabetes (PAID) score reduced in educated group -2.86 (95% CI-1.61 -3.23); (p=0.004) and illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) score increased 8.95 (95% CI 5.31-10.1); (p=0.001). Outcome shows positive improvements statistically increased diabetes self-management control IPQ score and decreased score PAID in the educated newly diagnosed patients T2DM.

DEPRESSIVE STATE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Diabetes is known to be directly and indirectly associated with stress. Many researchers have reported that diabetes is actually induced by stress and several hormones includ¬ing cortisol are known to be involved.14 Though tight glycemic control is viewed as a primary indicator of favorable diabetes outcomes metabolic control , medication, and physical activity, contribute to a patient’s success in achieving desirable glycemic control. Our study aimed to evaluate improves depressive state in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) by education. The cohort survey was conducted in Ulaanbaatar. For the study we 150 patients newly diagnosed T2DM, who have met the inclusion criteria and agreed with informed consent. We have evaluated self-management control, beliefs about illness, depression. We measured anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), levels of HbA1C, lipids and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at the baseline, in 3 and up to 6 months in educated and noneducated groups. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS 16 software.The study involved newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes 49,4±8,9 years men 65 (43,6%), women 85(56,7%) and 39,3% of the participants had a family history of diabetes. After 6 months self- control of blood glucose (p=0.046) significantly improved in educated newly diagnosed patients with T2DM. Problem areas in diabetes (PAID) score reduced in educated group -2.86 (95% CI -1.61 -3.23); (p=0.004) and illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) score increased 8.95 (95% CI 5.31-10.1); (p=0.001). Outcome shows positive improvements statistically increased diabetes self-management control IPQ score and decreased score PAID in the educated newly diagnosed patients T2DM.

Evaluation of Stress in Korean Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Korea Questionnaire

BACKGROUND: It is known that diabetes and stress are directly or indirectly related, and that it is important to evaluate stress in patients with diabetes. The relationship between Korean diabetics and diabetes-related stress has never been reported. The objective of this study was to develop a stress questionnaire suitable for use with Korean diabetics and to evaluate its utility. METHODS: This study subjects were 307 Korean diabetics, aged 40 to 74 years old, who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Gachon University Gil Hospital, Yeungnam University Medical Center, and Inha University Hospital in Korea between March 2006 and February 2008. We developed a Korean version of Polonsky's Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) stress questionnaire (PAID-K) and used it to assess degrees of stress in our sample of Korean patients. We evaluated the utility of the questionnaire and analyzed the relationships between clinical characteristics of the study subjects and degrees of stress. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha for PAID-K was 0.95, and PAID-K scores were significantly correlated with Hypoglycemia Fear Survey scores (r=0.44, P<0.05) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 scores (r=0.21, P<0.05). PAID-K scores were significantly higher in patients with longer durations of diabetes, patients using insulin, and female patients (P=0.02, P=0.038, and P=0.001, respectively). The score also tended to increase as HbA1c levels increased, except for very high HbA1c levels (above 11%) (P for trend<0.05). CONCLUSION: We developed the PAID-K questionnaire and demonstrated its utility to evaluate levels of stress in diabetic patients in Korea.

Effects of flavonoids from Cuscuta chinensis on ovarian endocrine in female rats exposed to psychologic stress / 中草药

Object To observe the effects of the flavonoids extracted from Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (FC) on the ovarian endocrine functions in female rats exposed to psychologic stress. Methods Sound, light and electricity were combined into a stressful stimulus to induce dysfunction on ovarian endocrine functions in female rats; to observe the effects of FC on the ovarian endocrine functions in female rats exposed to psychologic stress, by determining the changes of serum E 2, P and ascorbic acid levels in adrenal gland, and by weighing the pituitaries, ovaries and uteruses. Results FC increased the serum E 2, P and the weight of pituitaries, ovaries and uteruses obviously, but did not increase ascorbic acid levels in adrenal gland in female rats exposed to psychologic stress. Conclusion FC improves the ovarian endocrine functions in female rats.

Infulence of regulating liver-qi and tonifying kidney recipes on hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in rats under psychologic stress / 中成药

AIM: To investigate the effect of relieving liver-qi recipes(Radix Bupleuri,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Fructus Aurantii,etc.) on the neuro reproductive endocrine in female rats under psychologic stress. METHODS: The psychologic stress induced syndrome of liver-qi stagnation in female rats was established by tail pinch.The hypothalamus pituitary and serum levels of NE,DA,5 HT,5-HIAA,DOPAC,HVA and the serum FSH,LH,E2,T,P,PRL in rats of any groups were measured. RESULTS: The levels of NE in hypothalamus pituitary and FSH,LH,E2,P in serum of model rats were lower and the contents of DA,5-HT,5-HIAA in hypothalamus pituitary and in serum and NE,T in serum were significantly higher than those of the normal control.The serum P and LH in the complex group were elevated.The descending NE in hypothalamus pituitary and FSH,E2 in serum increased and the ascended DA,5-HT,5-HIAA in hypothalamus pituitary and NE,5-HT,T in serum significantly descresed in the shugan group and the complex group.The enhance of NE in hypothalamus pituitary and FSH,P in serum and the reduction of 5-HT in hypothalamus pituitary and 5-HT,NE,T in serum were also obversed in the bushen group. CONCLUSION: Regulating liver-qi and tonifying the kidney recipes could improve the function of neuro reproductive endocrine system which could be attenuated or disturbed by psychologic stress.