Los efectos negativos de la religiosidad-espiritualidad en la salud mental: una revisión bibliográfica / Negative Effects of Religiousness-Spirituality on Mental Health: a Literature Review

Resumen Aunque en la actualidad se cuenta con evidencia de los efectos positivos de la religiosidad/ espiritualidad en la salud mental, también existen reportes que dan cuenta de efectos mixtos. Incluso, se han reportado efectos adversos en la salud mental de las personas. En esta línea, el presente trabajo se propuso revisar la literatura acerca de los efectos negativos que la religiosidad y/o espiritualidad pueden tener en la salud mental e identificar sus principales facetas o dimensiones asociadas a estos efectos según la evidencia. Para ello, se indagó en las bases de datos EBSCO, AnnualReview, PubMed, MedLine, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS y PEPSIC, entre los años 2010 a 2021. Como principal conclusión, los descubrimientos presentes confirman que existen ciertos aspectos religiosos y/o espirituales que ejercen influencia negativa sobre la salud mental de una persona. Al finalizar, se discuten los principales hallazgos obtenidos de la revisión, sus implicancias en el quehacer clínico en la esfera de salud mental, las limitaciones del estudio y las futuras proyecciones investigativas.

Abstract: Although currently there is evidence of the positive effects of religiousness and spirituality on mental health, reports also account for mixed effects, and even adverse effects have been reported on people's mental health. In this sense, the present paper aimed to review literature about the negative effects that religiousness and/or spirituality can have on mental health and to identify the main facets or dimensions associated with these effects, according to the evidence. For this, the EBSCO, AnnualReview, PubMed, MedLine, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS, and PEPSIC databases were researched for the years between 2010 and 2019. As the main conclusion, the present discoveries confirm that certain religious and / or spiritual aspects negatively influence a person's mental health. Finally, the main results garnered from the review, its limitations, and future research projections are discussed.

Afectaciones físicas y psicológicas en personas pos-COVID-19 en Oaxaca, México / Post-COVID-19 physical and psychological effects on people in Oaxaca, Mexico / Efeitos físicos e psicológicos em pessoas pós-COVID-19 em Oaxaca, México

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID-19 trajo consigo múltiples afectaciones sobre todo en el ámbito de la salud. Estas se manifiestan progresivamente en quienes la padecen con relación a los síntomas presentados, que se hacen visibles a corto y largo plazo a nivel físico y mental. Objetivo: Identificar las afectaciones físicas y psicológicas consecuencia de la COVID-19 en personas activas físicamente antes de la enfermedad, durante el periodo comprendido de enero a mayo de 2021. Método: Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa de corte descriptivo-interpretativo. Se empleó para el estudio una muestra de 5 adultos de 27 a 66 años de edad originarios de Juchitán, Oaxaca, México, los cuales fueron seleccionados a partir de los siguientes criterios: haber sido portadores, el nivel de gravedad (leve/moderado) y haber realizado actividad física constante antes de padecer COVID-19. Las técnicas para el acopio de información aplicadas fueron: la entrevista y el cuestionario. Resultados: Se evidenció una drástica disminución con relación a los componentes de la actividad física (tipo, frecuencia, intensidad y duración), así como la prevalencia de afectaciones psicológicas: estrés, depresión, ansiedad y miedo. En cuanto a las afectaciones a nivel físico se destacó la pérdida de peso y la fatiga (100 %), seguido por la caída del cabello (80 %) en los estudiados. Conclusiones: La disminución de la actividad física es consecuencia de la propia enfermedad, mientras que las afectaciones psicológicas son resultado de la incertidumbre que genera el padecimiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 brought with it multiple effects, especially in the field of health. These manifest progressively in those who suffer from it in relation to the symptoms presented, which become visible in the short and long term at a physical and mental level. Objective: To identify the physical and psychological effects caused by COVID-19 in physically active people before the disease, during the period from January to May 2021. Method: Was used a descriptive-interpretative qualitative methodology. A sample of 5 adults from 27 to 66 years of age from Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico was used on the study; who were selected based on the following criteria: having been COVID-19 carriers, level of severity (mild/moderate) and have performed constant physical activity before the infection. The techniques applied for collecting information were: the interview and the questionnaire. Results: A drastic decrease was evidenced in relation to the components of physical activity (type, frequency, intensity and duration), as well as the prevalence of psychological affectations: stress, depression, anxiety and fear. Regarding the effects at the physical level, weight loss and fatigue (100%) stood out, followed by hair loss (80%) in those studied. Conclusions: The decrease in physical activity is a consequence of the disease itself, while the psychological effects are the result of the uncertainty generated by the disease.

RESUMO Introdução: A COVID-19 trouxe consigo múltiplos efeitos, principalmente no campo da saúde. Estes manifestam-se progressivamente em quem a sofre em relação aos sintomas apresentados, que se tornam visíveis a curto e longo prazo a nível físico e mental. Objetivo: Identificar os efeitos físicos e psicológicos causados pela COVID-19 em pessoas fisicamente ativas antes da doença, durante o período de janeiro a maio de 2021. Método: Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa descritivo-interpretativa. Uma amostra de 5 adultos de 27 a 66 anos de Juchitán, Oaxaca, México foi utilizada para o estudo, que foram selecionados com base nos seguintes critérios: ter sido portadores, o nível de gravidade (leve/moderado) e ter realizado atividade física antes de sofrer de COVID-19. As técnicas de coleta de informações aplicadas foram: a entrevista e o questionário. Resultados: Evidenciou-se uma diminuição drástica em relação aos componentes da atividade física (tipo, frequência, intensidade e duração), bem como a prevalência de afetações psicológicas: estresse, depressão, ansiedade e medo. Quanto aos efeitos a nível físico, destacaram-se a perda de peso e a fadiga (100%), seguidas da queda de cabelo (80%) nos estudados. Conclusões: A diminuição da atividade física é consequência da própria doença, enquanto os efeitos psicológicos são decorrentes da incerteza gerada pela doença.

Riesgos biológicos, condiciones de trabajo y efectos psicológicos del COVID-19 en personal de enfermería / Biological risks, working conditions and psychological effects of COVID-19 in nursing personnel

Los profesionales de enfermería están relacionados con la atención directa del paciente con Covid- 19, dejándolos expuestos a riesgos biológicos y condiciones de trabajo modificadas que podrían causar efectos psisociales significativos. Como objetivo, se realizo una revisión bibliográfica para determinar las condiciones de trabajo y efectos psicológicos del COVID-19 en personal de enfermería durante el período 2020-2021. El estudio fue descriptivo, con una muestra de 39 articulos resultantes de la aplicación criterios de exclusión, las fuentes de datos utilizados fueron: EBSCO Host, Hinari, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online, Library, Redalyc, SciELO; se incluyó la búsqueda de palabras clave mediante los tesauros en DeCS y MeSH, las cuales se formularon ecuaciones con los operadores boléanos AND y OR con descriptores de búsqueda como: WorkingCondition/Labor condition, Covid-19/ SARS-CoV-2/ Coronavirus Infections, Nurse emotions/emotion/emotions/emotional/Feelings/Regrets, Nurse/nurses/nursing, y Method/ Methodology/ Model. Como resultado, a nivel de riesgo biológico, las condiciones inseguras repercutían en deficiencia y escases de equipos de protección personal, infraestructura y equipamiento, así mismo, las condiciones laborales a nivel organizacionales aludían a ausencia de políticas y directrices, bajos salarios, carga e inestabilidad laboral, además de esto, los efectos psicológicos del COVID-19 en personal de enfermería se pudieron evidenciar de manera positiva a través de decisión, motivación y orgullo y, negativa con ansiedad, depresión, estrés, inseguridad, molestia y temor. Como conclusión, es indispensable ofrecer infraestructura, condiciones y equipamiento al personal de enfermería, además de actividades de descanso para disminuir el estrés y la presión que generan agotamiento y efectos psicosociales(AU)

Nursing professionals are related to the direct care of patients with Covid-19, leaving them exposed to biological risks and modified working conditions that could cause significant psychosocial effects. As an objective, a bibliographic review was carried out to determine the working conditions and psychological effects of COVID-19 on nursing personnel during the 2020-2021 period. The study was descriptive, with a sample of 39 articles resulting from the application of exclusion criteria, the data sources used were: EBSCO Host, Hinari, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online, Library, Redalyc, SciELO; the search for keywords was included using the DeCS and MeSH thesauri, which were formulated with Boolean operators AND and OR with search descriptors such as: WorkingCondition/Labor condition, Covid-19/ SARS-CoV-2/ Coronavirus Infections , Nurse emotions/emotion/emotions/emotional/Feelings/Regrets, Nurse/nurses/nursing, and Method/ Methodology/ Model. As a result, at the level of biological risk, the unsafe conditions affected deficiency and scarcity of personal protective equipment, infrastructure and equipment, likewise, the working conditions at the organizational level alluded to the absence of policies and guidelines, low wages, workload and instability. In addition to this, the psychological effects of COVID-19 on nursing staff could be evidenced positively through decision, motivation and pride, and negatively with anxiety, depression, stress, insecurity, annoyance and fear. In conclusion, it is essential to offer infrastructure, conditions and equipment to nursing staff, as well as rest activities to reduce stress and pressure that generate exhaustion and psychosocial effects(AU)

Perfil psicosocial, factores de riesgo y reinserción en reclusas adultas: una revisión sistemática / Psychosocial profile, risk factors and reintegration in adult women prisoners: A systematic review

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos psicológicos asociados con la estancia en prisión en mujeres reclusas, así como su perfil psicosocial. Para esto se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus, Psicodoc, PsycInfo, Pubmed y DOAJ. En la búsqueda se localizó un total de 1403 trabajos (1350 artículos y 53 revisiones), de los cuales se seleccionaron, finalmente, 106 estudios. Se observan importantes diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al ajuste a prisión, además de que las mujeres reclusas tienen unas necesidades específicas. Como conclusión cabe señalar la necesidad de más estudios que complementen la información sobre los efectos psicológicos de las mujeres en países menos desarrollados.

Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze the psychological effects associated with the stay in prison in women prisoners as well as their psychosocial profile. For this purpose, a literatura search was carried out in the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Psicodoc, PsycInfo, Pubmed and DOAJ. In the search a total of 1403 papers were located (1350 articles and 53 reviews), finally selecting 106 studies. There are important differences between men and women in terms of adjustment to prison, in addition to the fact that women prisoners have specific needs. In conclusion, more studies are needed to complement the information on the psychological effects of women in less developed countries.

Consecuencias psicológicas de la cuarentena y el aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Psychological consequences of quarantine and social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: El aislamiento social y la cuarentena durante la pandemia de COVID-19 constituyen medidas efectivas con el objetivo de salvaguardar vidas. Sin embargo, estas medidas traen consigo un importante costo para la salud mental. El monitoreo de las reacciones psicológicas derivadas de las restricciones obligatorias de movimiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19, debe constituir una prioridad para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible sobre el impacto negativo de la cuarentena y el aislamiento social en la salud mental. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental sobre el tema en fuentes de datos digitales. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron, en inglés y español, las siguientes palabras claves: cuarentena, aislamiento social, impacto psicológico, reacción psicológica. Las consultas se realizaron en Scopus, EBSCO Health, PubMed (buscador), SciELO y PsycINFO, con énfasis en artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas. Para la recolección de los datos se elaboró una ficha instructiva y para su tratamiento se aplicó el análisis de contenido de tipo directo. Conclusiones: Acciones tales como mantener a la población informada, facilitar canales de retroalimentación, garantizar los suministros básicos y facilitar estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés permiten minimizar los efectos negativos de un periodo de cuarentena. Las dificultades asociadas a la COVID-19 no concluirán 28 días después del último caso diagnosticado. Cuando llegue ese momento, se podrá tomar un respiro breve, pero faltará todavía mucho por hacer(AU)

Introduction: Social isolation and quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic are effective measures with the aim of safeguarding lifes. However, these measures bring an important cost for mental health. Monitoring psychological reactions derivative of movement´s obligatory restrictions during COVID-19 pandemics must represent a priority for all health systems. Objective: To analyze available evidence on the negative impact in mental health of quarantine and social isolation. Methods: It was carried out a bibliographic and documents review in digital data sources on the topic. Fort the search in English and Spanish the following words were used: quarantine, social isolation, psychological impact, psychological reaction. The search was made in Scopus, EBSCO Health, PubMed (search engine), SciELO and PsycINFO focusing in original articles and systematic reviews. For data collection, it was made an instructional sheet and for its use it was applied direct content analysis. Conclusions: Actions like to keep the population informed, to facilitate access to feedback channels, to guarantee basic supplies and to facilitate strategies for coping with stress allow to minimize the negative impacts of a quarantine period. Difficulties associated to COVID-19 will not end 28 days after the last diagnosed case. When that moment comes it will be time for a short brake, but there will be still a lot to do(AU)

Relación entre estrés percibido y calidad de sueño en enfermeras de turnos nocturno y rotativo / Relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality in night-shift and rotating nurses

Objetivo: determinar si existe relación entre el estrés percibido y la calidad de sueño en las enfermeras de los turnos nocturno y rotativo de la empresa social del Estado Hospital San Rafael de Facatativá. Metodología: estudio transversal con alcance correlacional donde se evaluó el estrés percibido y la calidad de sueño por medio de la escala de estrés percibido - versión 14 y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburg -versión colombiana, respectivamente, en una muestra de 98 enfermeras que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presentó una prevalencia del 72,45% de estrés percibido y del 79,59% de mala calidad de sueño; entre estas dos variables se halló una correlación baja (r=0,258; p=0,010). Se puede asegur ar con un 95 % de confianza que mientras una variable aumenta, la otra también lo hace, queriendo decir que a mayor puntaje en la escala de estrés percibido, mayor puntaje en el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh, lo que sugiere que el nivel de estrés es un factor que tiene relación directamente proporcional con el sueño, es decir, entre mayor estrés, peor calidad de sueño. Conclusiones: se concluye que sí existe relación entre el estrés percibido y la calidad de sueño, lo cual evidencia, por un lado, que en las enfermeras a mayor estrés, peor calidad de sueño, y por otro, que a peor calidad de sueño, mayor estrés.

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality in nurses in the night and rotating shifts of the social enterprise of the State Hospital San Rafael of Facatativá. Methodology: Study cross-sectional with a correlational scope where the perceived stress was assessed through the Perceived Stress Scale, Version 14, and sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Colombian Version, in a sample of 98 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Results: a prevalence of 72.45% of stress and 79.59% of poor sleep quality were perceived; there was a low correlation between these two variables (r= 0.258; p=0.010). It may be ensured with 95% of confidence that while a variable increases, the other one does the same; this means that higher stress level in the perceived stress scale implies a higher score in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; which suggests that stress level is a factor that has directly proportional relationship with sleep; so, higher stress level is equal to worse sleep quality. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality, showing that, the greater the stress in the nurses, the worse the quality of sleep, as well as the worse the quality of sleep, the greater the stress

Efectos psicológicos generados tras la ruptura de los lazos con el grupo primario de apoyo debido al fenómeno de prisionalización / Psychological effects caused after the breaking of the bonds with the primary support group due to the imprisonment phenomenon

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo comprender los efectos psicológicos generados tras la ruptura de los lazos con el grupo primario de apoyo debido al fenómeno de prisionalización, con el propósito de contribuir en la formulación de investigaciones que se interesen por la salud mental del interno en prisión desde una perspectiva de familia. La investigación fue cualitativa de tipo estudio de caso; contó con la participación de 5 internos del Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario de Medellín - Pedregal (COPED), a quienes se les realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que posteriormente fueron codificadas y categorizadas. El desarrollo de la investigación permitió diferenciar los efectos psicológicos generados por el estado de prisionalización, de los efectos psicológicos producto de la ruptura con el grupo primario de apoyo. Asimismo, permitió identificar las condiciones internas y externas que favorecen o impiden el sostenimiento de un contacto estable con el grupo familiar, mientras se está en estado de prisionalización. De esta manera, se concluye que la adaptación a la cultura carcelaria propicia un restablecimiento de los efectos psicológicos generados por el estado de prisionalización. Sin embargo, no acontece igual respecto a los efectos generados por la ruptura con el grupo primario de apoyo, máxime cuando las condiciones de internamiento dan lugar a que el penado tome la decisión de exacerbar la distancia con su grupo familiar. En ese sentido, los efectos psicológicos derivados de la ruptura con el grupo primario de apoyo tienden a complejizarse en relación con el tiempo de estancia en prisión.

The results of a research whose objective was to understand the psychological effects of breaking bonds with the primary support group because of prisonization are presented with the purpose of contributing in the formulation of researches related to the mental health of inmates in prison from a family perspective. For this purpose, the research aimed to deepen the most significant issues of a group of inmates (male and female) from the Complejo Penitenciario y Carcelario Medellín - Pedregal (COPED) related to family breakdown, being abandoned by the partner, insufficient or inexistent support networks outside the prison and the consequences or psychological reactions caused by them. It is important to mention that the participants in the research were identified by using chain sampling or network sampling. It is also important to note that being a qualitative research, indepth interviews were conducted and later coded and categorized, based on the categories of analysis, namely family background, prisonization and psychological effects. This process favors the transferability of results, based on the in-depth description of the phenomenon in its context (Martínez-Salgado, 2012). In consequence the research process enabled the identification of signs and symptoms that remained in the subjects of research beyond all adaptation processes, and it is because of this characteristic that such symptomatology may not be explained by the theories regarding the psychological effects as a consequence of internment, that is to say, prisonization itself, as they derive from a process of adaptation and assimilation of the culture in prison. In this regard, this research arguments the relevance of the involvement of the family group in the penitentiary processes, seeking to have a positive impact on the functioning of inmates in prison and also on their resocialization and later on their life in freedom. Therefore, it is necessary to acknowledge that the contact with the closest support group becomes an essential resource that, properly included in the support process for the inmate, leverages the development of prosocial competences, whilst reestablishing the self-image and preserving the family image create in persons deprived of liberty a commitment with resocialization, besides being the bridge that keeps them anchored to the outside world. This approach promotes the reformulation of the current understanding of the effects associated to the prisonization as immanent status of imprisonment; this idea is based on the fact that the particular conditions of inmates (Echeverri,2010) and the conditions of the institutional context of prison (Crespo, 2017), may not be assessed or intervened in isolation, while, as evidenced on the research herein, a person that is deprived of liberty experiences a series of physical and psychical impacts that are beyond the normalizing processes of adaptation, becoming problems that when transcending the prison premises, need to be understood as a public policy matter.

A comparative study of the physiological and psychological effects of forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on working age people with and without depressive tendencies

BACKGROUND@#In recent years, many of Japanese workers have complained of fatigue and stress, considering them as risk factors for depression. Studies have found that "forest bathing" (Shinrin-yoku) has positive physiological effects, such as blood pressure reduction, improvement of autonomic and immune functions, as well as psychological effects of alleviating depression and improving mental health. In this study, we investigate the physiological and psychological effects of "forest bathing" on people of a working age with and without depressive tendencies.@*METHODS@#We conducted physiological measurements and psychological surveys before and after forest bathing with subjects who participated in day-long sessions of forest bathing, at a forest therapy base located in Hiroshima Prefecture. After excluding severely depressed individuals, the participants were classified into two groups: those with depressive tendencies (5 ≤ K6 ≤ 12) and those without depressive tendencies (K6 < 5) for comparative study. The evaluation indices measured were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), autonomic functions, and profile of mood states (POMS).@*RESULTS@#Of the 155 participants, 37% had depressive tendencies, without any differences observed between males and females. All participants showed significant decrease in SBP, DBP, and in negative POMS items after a forest bathing session. Before the session, those with depressive tendencies scored significantly higher on the POMS negative items than those without depressive tendencies. After forest bathing, those with depressive tendencies demonstrated significantly greater improvement in many of POMS items than those without depressive tendencies, and many of them no longer differed between those with and without depressive tendencies.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Examining the physiological and psychological effects of a day-long session of forest bathing on a working age group demonstrated significant positive effects on mental health, especially in those with depressive tendencies. Not applicable; this is not a report of intervention trial.

Aproximación teórica: efectos de la privación de libertad en jóvenes infractores a la ley penal / Theoretical approach: effects of deprivation of liberty in juvenile offenders of criminal law

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación UBACYT denominado "Estudio Acerca de los Efectos de la Privación de Libertad en Jóvenes Infractores a la Ley Penal. Incidencia de los Factores Individuales, Familiares e Institucionales." (Código, 20020120100127BA) que se encuentra actualmente en la etapa final de su desarrollo. Relacionada con la evaluación de los materiales obtenidos en su estudio en relación a los surgidos en otros países y la formulación de propuestas de modificaciones a partir de las conclusiones. Uno de los sectores más vulnerables de la población penal está conformado por jóvenes privados de libertad de ambos sexos. La privación de libertad prolongada, y desde corta edad, implica un tipo de socialización diferente, ya que al ingresar al sistema, el individuo sufre una pérdida importante del entorno habitual, la familia y el grupo de pares, por eso los efectos de la privación de la libertad en la vida de una persona se proyectan más allá del período de encierro, contribuyendo a incrementar y agravar su desarraigo social y la desvinculación familiar.

This work is part of the research project UBACYT called "Study About the Effects of Deprivation of Liberty in the Young Offenders Penal Law. Incidence of Individual Factors, Family and Institutional" (Code 20020120100127BA) that is currently in the final stage of its development. One of the most vulnerable sectors of the prison population is made up of and young inmates. The prolongation of detention, and from a young age, involves a different kind of socialization, because by entering the system, the individual suffers a significant loss of the usual environment, family and peer group, so the effects of deprivation of liberty in the life of a person are projected beyond the period of confinement, helping to increase and aggravate social dislocation and family separation. For that reason the effects of the deprivation of freedom in the life of a person are projected beyond the period of confinement, contributing to increase and aggravate their social uprooting and the family detachment.

Avaliação de Músicas Compostas para Indução de Relaxamento e de seus Efeitos Psicológicos / Evaluation of Music Composed for Inducing Relaxation and its Psychological Effects / Evaluación de Canciones Compuestas para la Inducción a la Relajación y sus Efectos Psicológicos

Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as características das músicas compostas por dois diferentes compositores para a fase preparatória da Abordagem Direta do Inconsciente/Terapia de Integração Pessoa (ADI/TIP) e seus efeitos psicológicos, buscando verificar se elas contribuem para a indução de relaxamento. Para tanto, foi realizada inicialmente a análise teórica das músicas com o intuito de verificar se apresentavam características estruturais consideradas relaxantes, evidenciadas pelos estudos experimentais revisados. Posteriormente, as músicas foram avaliadas considerando os efeitos subjetivos eliciados pela sua audição. Participaram do estudo 72 voluntários, divididos em quatro condições: 1) Compositor A; 2) Compositor B; 3) Coletânea (músicas utilizadas em estudos prévios para promover o relaxamento); e 4) Sem audição musical. Os participantes responderam a um protocolo de avaliação da percepção subjetiva de sentimentos e emoções antes e depois de serem expostos à condição experimental. Os dados do protocolo foram comparados com os dados obtidos na análise teórica das músicas. Apesar de as músicas do compositor A apresentarem mais características estruturais relaxantes do que as do compositor B, todas as músicas analisadas foram consideradas como relaxantes e tiveram efeito para redução da pontuação da categoria de “Raiva/Medo” do protocolo utilizado. Isso indica que as músicas utilizadas na fase preparatória do método ADI/TIP possuem características relaxantes e contribuem para diminuição de sensações correspondentes a uma valência negativa e excitabilidade alta, favorecendo à promoção do estado de relaxamento necessário à eficácia deste método terapêutico....(AU)

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of songs composed by two different composers for the preparatory stage of the ADI/TIP and its psychological effects, seeking to ensure that these songs contribute to relaxation induction. To this end, we initially held a theoretical analysis of these songs in order to verify if they presented structural characteristics considered as relaxing by some experimental studies reviewed. The subjective effects elicited by the audition of these songs were subsequently evaluated. For this purpose, 72 volunteers participated in this study, distributed into four different conditions: 1) Composer A; 2) Composer B; 3) Compilation album (songs used in previous studies to promote relaxation); and 4) No music listening condition. Participants answered a protocol for assessing their subjective perception of feelings and emotions before and after being exposed to the experimental conditions. We compared the protocol data with data obtained from the theoretical analysis of the songs. Despite songs composed by Composer A present more relaxing structural characteristics than Composer B’s songs, all of these songs could be considered as relaxing and had effect to reduce the score of the “Anger/Fear” category of the protocol utilized. This indicates that songs used in the preparatory phase of the ADI method/TIP have relaxing characteristics and contributed to decrease the sensations corresponding to a negative valence and high excitability, favoring the promotion of relaxation necessary for the effectiveness of this therapeutic method....(AU)

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar las características de canciones compuestas por dos diferentes compositores para la fase preparatoria de la ADI/TPI y sus efectos psicológicos, buscando verificar si ellas contribuyen para la inducción a la relajación. Para tanto, se realizó inicialmente el análisis teórico de las canciones con la intención de verificar si presentaban características estructurales consideradas relajantes, evidenciadas por los estudios experimentales revisados. Posteriormente, las canciones fueron evaluadas considerando los efectos subjetivos causados por su audición. Participaron del estudio 72 voluntarios, divididos según cuatro condiciones: 1) Compositor A; 2) Compositor B; 3) Colección (canciones utilizadas en estudios previos para promover la relajación); y 4) Sin audición musical. Los participantes contestaron a un protocolo de evaluación de la percepción subjetiva de sentimientos y emociones antes y después de la exposición a la condición experimental. Los datos del protocolo fueron comparados con los obtenidos en el análisis teórico de las canciones. A pesar de que las músicas del compositor A presentaron más características estructurales relajantes que las del compositor B, todas las canciones analizadas fueron consideradas relajantes y resultaron en la reducción de la puntuación de la categoría de “Rabia/Miedo” del protocolo utilizado. Esto indica que las canciones utilizadas en la fase preparatoria del método ADI/TIP poseen características relajantes y contribuyen a la disminución de sensaciones relacionadas a una valencia negativa y excitabilidad alta, lo que favorece la promoción del estado de relajación necesario para la eficacia de este método terapéutico....(AU)

Outcome of chemotherapy counseling by pharmacists on psychological effects and self esteem among oncology patients in a Government Hospital in Malaysia

SUMMARY Introduction: Chemotherapy is the most common form of treatment among cancer patients. It is also known to cause many physical and psychological side-effects. Objective: This study developed, implemented and evaluated the outcome of a chemotherapy counseling module among oncology patients by pharmacists based on their psychological effects (depression, anxiety) and selfesteem. Methods: A randomized, single blind, placebo controlled study was conducted among 162 patients undergoing chemotherapy in a government hospital in Malaysia. Intervention: Counseling sessions were conducted using the 'Managing Patients on Chemotherapy' module for oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy at each treatment cycle. Outcome: The outcome of repetitive chemotherapy counseling using the module was determined at baseline, first follow-up, second follow-up and third follow-up. Results: The findings revealed that there was significant improvement in the intervention group as compared to the control group with large effect size on depression (p = 0.001, partial Ƞ 2 = 0.394), anxiety (p = 0.001, partial Ƞ 2 = 0.232) and self-esteem (p = 0.001, partial Ƞ 2 = 0.541). Conclusion: Repetitive counseling using the ‘Managing Patients on Chemotherapy’ module was found to be effective in improving psychological effects and self-esteem among patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Intensidad de demanda de los videojuegos y su efecto sobre el estado de ánimo y la activación percibida / Intensity of Demand for Video Games and its Effect on Mood and Perceived Activation

Este estudio busca indagar la relación entre el uso de videojuegos con diferente intensidad de activación demandada sobre la activación fisiológica percibida y los estados de ánimo. Se utilizó un diseño de medidas repetidas (N = 27). Los resultados muestran que el estado de ánimo positivo aumenta ante el juego de alta activación demandada, mientras que el uso de video-juegos no afecta los estados de ánimo negativos. En cuanto a la activación fisiológica percibida, se encontró que, tanto ante el juego de baja como con el de alta activación demandada, se presenta un aumento en la activación percibida. Igualmente, se encontraron variaciones por género en el juego de baja intensidad. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados.

This study analyzes the relationship between videogames use with different activation intensity and the perceived arousal and mood. It has been used a repeated measures design (N= 27). Results show that positive mood increase with high required activation game, meanwhile videogame use doesn't affect negative mood. In regards to perceived arousal, it has been found both low and high required activation videogames there is an increase in perceived arousal. Likewise, there are sex differences in the low required activation videogame. Implications and findings are discussed.

"To investigate the social influence of diseases of the stigma from the stigma effects of ""A Dream of Red Mansions""" / 中国实用护理杂志

Stigma is demeaning,insulting social psychology mark.In A dream of red mansions,there are a lot of description about stigma and its psychological effects.Stigma effect not only influences many people's daily life,but also determines the fate of the key figures.The stigma effects also has obvious interference on the patients' psychology during the medical treatment.Moreover,stigma also influences the effects of clinical treatment.Therefore,hospitals should create an equal,united,tolerant medical environment and atmosphere of doctor-patient communication,and promote the government and the public health system to take corresponding policy measures to improve the living conditions of persons of stigma.

Uma nova ferramenta educacional para terapia de suporte aos implantes dentários: o diagrama de motivação por cores / A new educational tool for implant supportive therapy: the color motivation chart

A comunicação bem-sucedida entre pacientes e clínicos na terapia de suporte aos implantes pode ser comprometida por diversas razões. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma nova ferramenta educacional de conhecimento, como o diagrama de motivação por cores (DMC). Com base em uma radiografia periapical feita pela técnica do paralelismo e cone longo, os clínicos podem determinar se os níveis ósseos do paciente estão acima ou abaixo da plataforma do implante. Cálculos simples são feitos entre os anos consecutivos para se determinar o remodelamento ósseo. Depois, o limiar de perda é atribuído para cada intervalo e um código de cores (azul, amarelo, verde ou vermelho) é aplicado. Desta forma, o paciente pode se concentrar nos significados das cores e ter compreensão total dos resultados, além de melhorar sua higiene oral caseira. Embora a validade desta ferramenta ainda não tenha sido investigada cientificamente, ela lança novas perspectivas sobre a motivação do paciente no tratamento com implantes osseointegrados.

Successful communication between patients and clinicians during implant supportive therapy can be compromised due to several reasons. The aim of this paper is to present a new educational tool known as the color motivation chart (CMC). Based on a standardized periapical radiograph using the long-cone technique, clinicians can determine whether the patient shows bone levels above or below the implant platform. Simple calculations are made between consecutive years to determine bone remodeling. After, the threshold value is attributed for each interval and a color code message (blue, yellow, green, and red) is applied. In this way, the patient can concentrate on color meanings and have an overall comprehension of the outcomes and how to improve their oral hygiene home-care measures. Although the validity of this new tool has not been scientifically investigated, it launches new perspectives on patient motivation for implant treatment.

Effectiveness of a Relaxation Technique at the Workplace Evaluated by Autonomic Nervous Activity and Psychological Mood / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

 Focused relaxation fosters mental and physical repose using stretching and breathing techniques in a pleasant environment. In this study, we analyzed the usefulness of this relaxation technique at the workplace by examining autonomic nervous system activity and psychological effects. Eleven healthy adults (7 males and 4 females) participated in this relaxation technique at a workplace. We investigated heart rate variability, salivary amylase levels and psychological state (Profile of Mood States) before and after the relaxation technique. Average levels of salivary amylase declined from 29.2±12.7kIU/L (mean±standard deviation) to 23.2±10.9kIU/L during the relaxation technique (p=0.05). Average heart rate was also reduced from 90.8±10.0beats/min to 84.9+8.9beats/min during the relaxation technique (p<0.01). Average hig-frequency band power values increased from 315.1±211.3msec<SUP>2</SUP> to 381.8±225.3msec<SUP>2</SUP> during the relaxation technique (p=0.02). Tension Anxiety score of Profile of Mood States decreased from 40.5±4.6 to 35.8±3.3 after the relaxation technique (p<0.01), and the Fatigue score of Profile of Mood States declined from 43.8±6.2 to 40.4±4.1 after the relaxation technique (p<0.05). These results suggested that the relaxation technique increased parasympathetic nervous system activity and decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. This relaxation technique can easily be performed at the workplace without special equipment and can elicit a subjective improvement in fatigue and anxiety in workers.

Effectiveness of a Relaxation Technique at the Workplace Evaluated by Autonomic Nervous Activity and Psychological Mood / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

 Focused relaxation fosters mental and physical repose using stretching and breathing techniques in a pleasant environment. In this study, we analyzed the usefulness of this relaxation technique at the workplace by examining autonomic nervous system activity and psychological effects. Eleven healthy adults (7 males and 4 females) participated in this relaxation technique at a workplace. We investigated heart rate variability, salivary amylase levels and psychological state (Profile of Mood States) before and after the relaxation technique. Average levels of salivary amylase declined from 29.2±12.7kIU/L (mean±standard deviation) to 23.2±10.9kIU/L during the relaxation technique (p=0.05). Average heart rate was also reduced from 90.8±10.0beats/min to 84.9+8.9beats/min during the relaxation technique (p<0.01). Average hig-frequency band power values increased from 315.1±211.3msec2 to 381.8±225.3msec2 during the relaxation technique (p=0.02). Tension Anxiety score of Profile of Mood States decreased from 40.5±4.6 to 35.8±3.3 after the relaxation technique (p<0.01), and the Fatigue score of Profile of Mood States declined from 43.8±6.2 to 40.4±4.1 after the relaxation technique (p<0.05). These results suggested that the relaxation technique increased parasympathetic nervous system activity and decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. This relaxation technique can easily be performed at the workplace without special equipment and can elicit a subjective improvement in fatigue and anxiety in workers.