Children's online care during COVID-19 / Atendimento on-line infantil em tempos de COVID-19

Objective: This study aims at shedding light on online child psychotherapy using cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as suggesting forms of psychological interventions during a pandemic. Method: Since the beginning of the recent coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which causes COVID-19, there has been a great concern about a disease that has rapidly spread over the world, bringing about several different socio-economic issues. The fear of contracting the disease has led to safety measures and uncertainties with regard to the future, and it is believed that social isolation has had a direct and psychological impact on both adults and children. This way, we conducted a systematic search for literature review articles. Results: The clinical practice has led to observe that children had their routine interrupted and, consequently, prevented from basic activities such as going to school, being separated from friends, being apart from grandparents, spending the day with their parents, and not to mention, depending on their age, attending online classes in the most varied ways. Conclusion: It is clear that through the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy, forms of psychological interventions can be suggested in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is clear that effective results are possible with online intervention.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é sistematizar conhecimentos sobre o atendimento online infantil através da terapia cognitivo-comportamental e sugerir formas de intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Desde o início do surto do coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), causador da COVID-19, houve preocupação diante de uma doença que se alastrou rapidamente em várias regiões do mundo, com diferentes impactos. Além do medo de contrair a doença, dos cuidados com os familiares e das incertezas frente ao futuro, o isolamento causou impactos psicológicos diretamente relacionados à COVID-19 tanto em adultos como em crianças. Deste modo, foi feita uma busca sistemática por artigos. Resultados: A prática clínica levou ao entendimento de que as crianças passaram por mudanças, como a interrupção das idas à escola, o afastamento dos amigos e dos avós e a presença dos pais o dia todo em casa, além de, dependendo da idade, aulas online em diversos estilos, e a percepção de que os pais também não sabiam como lidar com a situação. Conclusão: Percebe-se que através do uso da terapia cognitivo-comportamental pode-se sugerir formas de intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Assim, nota-se que resultados efetivos são possíveis com a intervenção on-line.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of trans-diagnostic third-wave online psychological interventions / Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de intervenciones transdiagnósticas en línea de tercera generación

Abstract Existing meta-analyses on the effect of online psychological interventions (OPIs) have found small to medium effect sizes for the treatment of anxiety and depression. On the other hand, third-generation trans-diagnostic OPIs are very rare and, due to the large variability among disorders, symptoms or target populations, it is difficult to assess their overall effect. Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses have overly broad inclusion criteria that make the understanding of the findings more difficult. The current study aims to analyze the empirical evidence for third-wave trans-diagnostic OPIs designed to decrease symptoms and promote psychological flexibility, including studies that compare a OPI to some control condition (e. g., waiting list, treatment as usual or other that should not have any effect) and include a general symptomatology scale as dependent variable. A search without filters or timeframe was performed on Scopus and 1 408 articles were found, among which 21 were reviewed in depth and 6 were included for meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed by a quality and heterogeneity assessment. Separate meta-analyses were performed for general distress and psychological flexibility at post-treatment and last follow-up. Risk of bias analysis suggest low risk of threats to validity and attribute heterogeneity to between-study attrition rates. Additionally, meta-regression models for duration, attrition rate, and mean age are proposed for each time point. The results show significantly large effect sizes for both variables at both time points. According to the meta-regression models attrition rates are a mediating variable for the effect on general distress both at completion and at the last follow-up. On the other hand, duration, age and attrition rate are all mediating variables for the effect on psychological flexibility at the end of treatment. The findings suggest that the high attrition rates observed on tele-psychology need to be mitigated; if this is not possible, intention-to-treat approaches should be adopted for data analysis.

Resumen Los metaanálisis existentes sobre el efecto de las intervenciones psicológicas en línea (OPIs, por sus siglas en inglés) han encontrado tamaños de efecto pequeños o medianos para el tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión. Por otra parte, las OPIs transdiagnósticas de tercera generación son muy escasas y, debido a la gran variabilidad entre los trastornos, los síntomas o las poblaciones objetivo, es difícil evaluar su efecto global. Otras revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis tienen criterios de inclusión demasiado amplios que dificultan la comprensión de los hallazgos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia empírica actual para las OPIs transdiagnósticas de tercera generación diseñadas para disminuir los síntomas y promover la flexibilidad psicológica, incluyendo estudios que comparen una OPI con alguna condición de control (por ejemplo lista de espera, tratamiento habitual u otro que no debería tener efecto) y que incluyan una escala de sintomatología general como variable dependiente. Se excluyeron estudios basados en otras terapias y/o diseñados para prevenir o tratar una población, un trastorno o un conjunto de síntomas específicos. También se excluyeron los protocolos de estudio, los diseños pretest-postest y otros en los que era imposible calcular el tamaño del efecto. Se realizó una búsqueda sin filtros ni marco temporal en Scopus y se encontraron 1 408 artículos entre los cuales 21 fueron revisados en profundidad y 6 fueron incluidos en el presente estudio. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante una evaluación de calidad y heterogeneidad; no fue posible realizar análisis de sesgo de publicación. Se realizaron metaanálisis separados para el malestar general y la flexibilidad psicológica en postratamiento y último seguimiento. El análisis del riesgo de sesgo sugiere un bajo riesgo de amenazas a la validez y atribuye la heterogeneidad principalmente a las tasas de deserción entre los estudios. Además, se proponen modelos de metarregresión para la duración, la tasa de deserción y la edad promedio en cada punto temporal. Los resultados muestran tamaños de efecto significativamente grandes para ambas variables en ambos puntos temporales y se evalúa su heterogeneidad, que se atribuye en gran medida a las tasas de deserción de los estudios incluidos. Según los modelos de metarregresión, las tasas de deserción son una variable mediadora del efecto sobre el malestar general tanto en el momento de la finalización como en el último seguimiento. Por otra parte, la duración, la edad y la tasa de abandono son variables mediadoras del efecto sobre la flexibilidad psicológica al final del tratamiento. Los resultados sugieren que es necesario mitigar las altas tasas de deserción observadas en la telepsicología y, cuando no sea posible, adoptar enfoques de intención de tratar para el análisis de los datos.

Intervenciones psicológicas para mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Psychological interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Resumen El VIH es una enfermedad crónica que afecta a los receptores CD4 del sistema inmunológico. El Tratamiento Antirretroviral (TARV) es vital para disminuir la carga viral, pero su éxito depende del grado de adherencia al mismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar los factores asociados a la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas para incrementar la adherencia al TARV y agregar los hallazgos en estimaciones cuantitativas de su impacto en la adherencia. La revisión de la literatura fue realizada desde agosto de 2017 hasta abril de 2020 en PubMed, EBSCO y Springer Link, utilizando los siguientes criterios de elección de los estudios: (1) que estuvieran publicados en revistas indexadas con revisión por pares, (2) que fueran experimentales o cuasiexperimentales, (3) que emplearan técnicas para el incremento de la adherencia, (4) que estuvieran publicados en español o inglés, (5) que reportaran los estadísticos necesarios para el cálculo del tamaño de efecto. De los 15 estudios seleccionados (. total = 1669), se obtuvieron 38 tamaños del efecto. El cálculo de los tamaños de efecto individuales y global se realizó usando el programa Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat, 2011, v. 2.2.064). Todos los tamaños de efecto fueron calculados usando la diferencia estandarizada de medias y un modelo de efectos aleatorios. El tamaño de efecto global fue moderado (. = 0.56, . = 38, IC95 % = 0.39 - 0.72, . < .001), mostrando que las intervenciones fueron significativamente superiores al grupo de comparación. Debido a la alta heterogeneidad de los estudios (I. = 82.25), se analizaron 12 variables moderadoras, de las cuales 11 fueron significativas (. < .005). Los resultados del análisis de variables moderadoras indican un mayor efecto en el incremento de la adherencia al TARV en intervenciones con marcos teóricos basados en el apoyo social por pares y con metodologías adaptables a la vivencia cotidiana de la persona.

Abstract HIV is a chronic disease that affects the CD4 receptors of the immune system, so it is necessary for people with the virus to be under Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) to reduce the viral load in the body. The success of ART is related to adherence to treatment, understood as: the intake of antiretroviral drugs, follow-up of medical controls and implementation of healthy lifestyles. There are personal, social and health systems problems that prevent people from adhering to ART in an adequate way. This situation has become a public health problem because inappropriate taking of drugs often leads to drug resistance. In this way, it is necessary to implement effective psychological interventions aimed at increasing adherence to ART, to contribute to a better use of antiretrovirals and to the improvement of the quality of life of people with HIV. Accordingly, the objective was to review the factors associated with the efficacy of psychological interventions, to increase adherence to ART and to aggregate the findings in quantitative estimates of its impact on adherence. For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a research technique that allows a quantitative analysis of results by calculating specific statistics. The literature search and review were carried out from August 2017 to May 2019 in the PubMed, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO Host) and Springer Link databases, for the identification of experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria (studies published in peer-reviewed indexed journals, experimental or quasi-experimental research, using techniques to increase adherence, published in Spanish and English and reporting the necessary statistics for effect size calculation). Of the 15 studies (total n = 1669) selected, 38 effect sizes were obtained. The calculation of the individual and global effect size was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Biostat, 2011, v. 2.2.064). All the effect sizes were calculated using the standardized mean difference and a random effects model. To find out if individual effect sizes were homogeneous and therefore represent a similar measure of treatment efficacy, the Cochran Q homogeneity test was applied; based on this, the I. was calculated. Also, it was performed a publication bias calculation, the objective of which was to estimate the number of non-significant effect sizes that are required for a reduction of the global effect size to a smaller and non-significant one. The overall effect size was moderate (. = 0.56, . = 38, 95 % CI = 0.39 - 0.72, . < .001) and presented high heterogeneity (I. = 82.25). Twelve moderator variables were analyzed (year of publication, percentage of men, average age, measurement time, number of sessions / interactions, duration of sessions, total duration of intervention, economic remuneration for intervention, place where the intervention was carried out, type of intervention, intervention modality and adherence measurement), of which 11 were significant (all but intervention modality: individual vs. group therapy). The results suggest that the success of an intervention proposal to improve adherence to ART will be related to its ability to consider the components of the environment and the social situation in which the person with HIV develops, as well as their intrinsic characteristics in interaction with their context. Likewise, it is necessary to consider that the presence of adherence barriers should be treated specifically in young people and adults, as well as in men and women. Finally, it is more important to establish interventions aimed not only to increase adherence, but maintaining it, which is why it is considered necessary to propose studies aimed at maintaining adherence, as well as offering practical tools for people to make better decisions about their health.

Efeitos de uma intervenção com foco na socialização emocional infantil / Efectos de una intervención centrada en la socialización emocional infantil / Effects of an intervention focused on child emotion socialization

Punishing, minimizing, ignoring, or becoming distressed when dealing with children's negative emotions may favor the emergence or worsen behavior problems during childhood. This study examined the effects of the intervention program Vivendo Emoções [Experiencing Emotions] on maternal reactions to children's emotions and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Thirty-two mothers of children aged between three and eight participated and were assigned to an intervention (n = 16) or a comparison (n = 16) group. The intervention was implemented in eight sessions intended to promote the mothers' strategies to identify and regulate their children's negative emotions and enable the children to improve emotional competence. The mothers completed the CCNES to report their reactions to children's emotional expressions and the CBCL to report internalizing and externalizing problems on pretest and posttest. The results reveal that mothers in the intervention group reported fewer unsupportive reactions on posttest than mothers in the comparison group. This finding shows the potential of such interventions to decrease unsupportive maternal reactions. Additionally, children in the intervention group presented more frequent somatic complaints than those in the comparison group on posttest. A potential explanation is that the mothers were more prepared to encourage their children to report negative emotions associated with bodily sensations.

Castigar, minimizar, ignorar o manifestar malestar ante la expresión de emociones negativas de los niños puede favorecer la aparición o el empeoramiento de problemas de comportamiento en la infancia. Este estudio examinó los efectos del programa de intervención Viviendo Emociones, focado en la socialización emocional de los niños, en las reacciones maternas a las emociones y en los problemas internalizantes y externalizantes de los niños. Participaron 32 madres de niños entre tres y ocho años, divididas en los grupos intervención (n = 16) y comparación (n = 16). El Viviendo Emociones se realizó en ocho sesiones y busca promover estrategias para identificar y regular las emociones negativas expresadas por los niños para que ellos amplíen su competencia emocional. En el pre-test y post-test, las madres respondieron el CCNES para reportar sus reacciones ante las expresiones emocionales de sus hijos y el CBCL para reportar problemas internalizantes y externalizantes. Los resultados revelaron que las madres en el grupo de intervención reportaron menos reacciones de no apoyo que las madres en el grupo comparación en el post-test. Ese hallazgo resalta el potencial de intervenciones de esta naturaleza para reducir las reacciones maternas de no apoyo. Adicionalmente, los niños del grupo intervención presentaron más quejas somáticas que los niños del grupo comparación en el post-test. Una explicación potencial es que las madres estaban más preparadas para alentar a los niños a reportar emociones negativas asociadas a sensaciones corporales.

Punir, minimizar, ignorar ou manifestar desconforto diante da expressão de emoções negativas dos filhos pode favorecer o surgimento ou agravamento dos problemas de comportamento na infância. Este estudo examinou os efeitos do programa de intervenção, Vivendo Emoções, com foco na socialização emocional infantil, sobre as reações maternas às emoções dos filhos e os problemas internalizantes e externalizantes das crianças. Participaram 32 mães de crianças entre três e oito anos, divididas em grupo intervenção (n = 16) e comparação (n = 16). O Vivendo Emoções foi realizado em oito sessões e busca promover estratégias para identificação e regulação das emoções negativas expressas pelos filhos de forma que a criança amplie sua competência emocional. No pré-teste e no pós-teste, as mães responderam a CCNES para informar suas reações às expressões emocionais nos filhos e o CBCL para relatar problemas internalizantes e externalizantes. Os resultados revelaram que as mães do grupo intervenção relataram menos reações não apoiadoras do que as mães do grupo comparação no pós-teste. Esse achado evidencia o potencial de intervenções dessa natureza para reduzir reações maternas não apoiadoras. Adicionalmente, as crianças do grupo intervenção apresentaram mais queixas somáticas do que as crianças do grupo comparação no pós-teste. Uma explicação potencial é que as mães estivessem mais preparadas para encorajar as crianças a relatar emoções negativas associadas a sensações corporais.

Como ser psicólogo hospitalar na pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil? Uma pesquisa documental / How to be a hospital psychologist in the covid-19 pandemic in Brasil? A documental research

Resumo Com alta transmissibilidade e demanda por atendimento hospitalar, a covid-19 teve impactos (como ansiedade, medo e insegurança) sobre o equilíbrio psicológico de pacientes, seus familiares e profissionais da saúde. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear intervenções psicológicas no contexto hospitalar frente à covid-19, a fim de subsidiar a constituição de protocolos. Observou-se que visitas virtuais, trabalho de luto antecipatório e técnicas de psicoeducação, através de psicoterapia breve, mostram-se necessários dentro do contexto de unidades fechadas, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) e emergências, como forma de enfrentamento que permite a elaboração de sentimentos, como medo, angústia e ansiedade. Para ambulatórios, destacam-se os plantões psicológicos, através de videochamadas, de demanda espontânea, além de encaminhamento para psicoterapia externa, voltados a profissionais com sintomas de pânico, ansiedade, depressão e exaustão. Mesmo com intervenções psicológicas originadas a partir desse contexto, evidencia-se a falta de protocolos com abrangência nacional e eficazes para o ambiente hospitalar, tanto para pacientes e familiares como para profissionais que atuam diretamente com o vírus. Portanto, cabe ao Brasil aperfeiçoar o modelo apresentado pela Comissão Nacional de Saúde da China, ou construir protocolos próprios de acordo com o contexto sociocultural, compreendendo suas diferentes formas de comunicação e enfrentamento. É essencial considerar sentimentos de cansaço dos profissionais da saúde, de forma que se sugerem ações como grupo de acolhimento de demandas emocionais geradas nesta pandemia.

Abstract With high transmission and demand for hospital care, COVID-19 caused impacts (such as anxiety fear, and insecurity) on the psychological balance of patients, family members, and health professionals. Therefore, the objective of this article is to map psychological interventions in the hospital context against COVID-19, to support the constitution of protocols in this environment. We observed that virtual visits, anticipatory mourning work, and psychoeducational techniques, via brief psychotherapy are necessary within the context of closed units, Intensive Care Units (ICU's), and emergencies, as a way of coping that allow the elaboration of feelings such as fear, anguish , and anxiety. For outpatient clinics, psychological shifts in hospitals, via video calls, of spontaneous demand, in addition to referral to external psychotherapy, for professionals with symptoms of panic, anxiety, depression, and exhaustion stand out. Even with psychological interventions originating from this context, the lack of protocols with national coverage and effectiveness for the hospital environment is evident, both for patients and families and for professionals who work directly with the virus. Therefore, it is up to Brazil to improve the model presented by the National Health Commission for the People's Republic of China, or build our own protocols according to the sociocultural context, comprising their different forms of communication and confrontation. In addition, it to Considering the feelings of tiredness of health professionals is essential, so that actions such as a group to acknowledge emotional demands generated in this pandemic are suggested.

Combining repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation with psychological intervention can synergistically relieve depression among those with Parkinson′s disease / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effect of supplementing psychological intervention with repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the rehabilitation of depressed persons with Parkinson′s disease (dPD).Methods:A total of 120 dPD patients were randomly divided into a psychological intervention group, an rTMS treatment group and an observation group, each of 40. In addition to conventional anti-Parkinson′s treatment and anti-depressant treatment, the psychological intervention group received such treatment and the rTMS group received 10Hz rTMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 8 weeks. The observation group received both interventions. Before and after the treatment, depression, neurological functioning and life quality were evaluated in all of the subjects using the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale, the Movement Disorder Society′s unified Parkinson′s disease rating scale and the SF-36 questionnaire.Results:After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in all of the quantitative evaluations as well as in the remission rate (40%) and the reaction rate (90%). On average, the observation group′s results were significantly better than those of the other two groups.Conclusion:Psychological intervention and rTMS a have synergistic effect in treating dPD patients and their combination is worthy of clinical promotion and application, as it can relieve their depression and improve their neurological functioning and life quality.

Non-pharmacological interventions and treatment of late-life depression / 中华老年医学杂志

Depression is a common mental illness in the elderly, which is associated with compromised quality of life, disability, suicide risk and mortality.Drug treatment of late-life depression has large adverse reactions and is prone to drug resistance.Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions have gradually become a research hotspot.This paper reviewed the research progress of non-pharmacological interventions of late-life depression at home and abroad in recent years, and provides a theoretical basis for further research on effective treatment of late-life depression.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation improves the effectiveness of psychological intervention in relieving post-stroke depression / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate any effect of supplementing psychological intervention with repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating depression, improving neurological functioning and improving the life quality of depressed stroke survivors.Methods:A total of 228 patients with post-stroke depression (PSD) were randomly divided into a psychological intervention group, an rTMS treatment group and a combined treatment group, each of 76. In addition to routine stroke treatment and anti-depressant drug treatment, the psychological intervention group received psychological counseling and the rTMS group was given rTMS at 10Hz for 8 weeks. The combined group received both. Before and after the intervention, depression was quantified using the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was used to quantify neurological functioning. And cognitive functioning was assessed with the Cognitive Function Assessment Scale. Life quality was assessed using the Stroke-specific Quality of Life Scale.Results:After the 8 weeks, significant improvement was observed in the average scores of all three groups on all of the measurements. The combined group had improved significantly more than the other two groups in terms of all of the dimensions studied. The combined group′s clinical remission rate (38.16%) and response rate (85.53%) were significantly higher than those of the other two groups.Conclusions:Repetitive transcranial stimulation can significantly improve the effectiveness of psychological counseling in treating PSD after a stroke. Using them jointly is worthy of application in the clinical practice.

Intervenções psicológicas frente à COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Psychological Interventions due to COVID-19: an integrative review in the literature

Intervenções psicológicas frente a COVID-19 foram analisadas a partir de produções científicas. Pesquisou-se nas bases de dados Scielo, Science Direct, Lilacs, Pubmed e Portal da Capes, os descritores ("Psychological Interventions" AND "COVID-19"), ("Public Health" AND "Psychology" AND "COVID-19") e ("Community Health" AND "COVID-19" AND "Psychology"). Foram selecionados 12 artigos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão, sendo cinco estudos empíricos, duas comunicações breves, três revisões da literatura e dois relatos de experiência, todos de 2020, sendo um brasileiro e os demais internacionais. Evidenciou-se que as intervenções psicológicas de forma remota tiveram prevalência, dentre elas grupos de psicoeducação e terapêuticos na perspectiva da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. Destacaram-se intervenções focadas nos estressores, nas dificuldades de adaptação, bem como, regulação do sono, regulação emocional, culpa, medo de ser discriminado e desamparo. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de pesquisas voltadas à elaboração de guias de intervenção, respeitando as fases de prevenção, mitigação, prevenção, resposta e reconstrução conforme orienta a Psicologia na Gestão de Riscos e Desastres.(AU)

Scientific productions focused on psychological interventions performed in relation to COVID-19 were analyzed. The descriptors ("Psychological Interventions" AND "COVID-19"), ("Public Health" AND "Psychology" AND "COVID-19") were searched in Scielo, Science Direct, Lilacs, Pubmed and Capes's Portal databases. ) and ("Community Health" AND "COVID-19" AND "Psychology"). Twelve articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected, five empirical studies, two brief communications, three literature reviews and two experience reports, all from 2020, one Brazilian and the other international. It was evidenced the prevalence of remote interventions, among them psychoactive and therapeutic groups in the perspective of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Interventions focused on stressors, adaptation difficulties, as well as sleep regulation, emotional regulation, guilt, fear of being discriminated against and helplessness stood out. We suggest the development of research aimed at the elaboration of intervention protocols, respecting the phases of prevention, mitigation, prevention, response and reconstruction, as directed by Psychology in Risk and Disaster Management.(AU)

Se analizaron pruebas científicas dirigidas a las intervenciones psicológicas realizadas sobre el COVID-19. Se buscó en las bases de datos de Scielo, Science Direct, Lilacs, Pubmed y Portal da Capes, los descriptores ("Psychological Interventions" and "COVID-19"), ("Public Health" and "Psychology"and "COVID-19") y ("Community Health" and "COVID-19" and "Psychology"). Fueron seleccionados 12 artículos que atendieron los criterios de inclusión, siendo cinco estudios empíricos, dos comunicaciones breves, tres revisiones de la literatura y dos relatos de experiencia, todos de 2020, siendo uno brasilero y los demás internacionales. Se evidenció que las intervenciones de forma remota tuvieron evidencia, entre ellas grupos terapéuticos en la perspectiva de la Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. Se destacaron intervenciones dirigidas a los estresantes, en las dificultades de adaptación, regulación del sueño, miedo de ser discriminado y desamparado. Se sugiere el desarrollo de investigaciones encaminadas a la elaboración de protocolos y guías de intervención, respetando las fases de prevención, mitigación, prevención, respuesta y reconstrucción, según lo dirigido por Psicología en Gestión de Riesgos y Desastres.(AU)

Intervenciones psicológicas en cuidadores primarios de pacientes con trasplante de células hematopoyéticas: Revisión descriptiva / Psychological interventions on primary care healthcare providers of patients with hematopoietic cells transplantation: Descriptive revision / Intervenções psicológicas em cuidadores primários de pacientes com transplante de células hematopoiéticas: Revisão descritiva

Resumen Introducción: El ser cuidador primario informal de un paciente con indicación médica de trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas puede tener consecuencias negativas en su salud mental y calidad de vida. Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones psicológicas disponibles para el cuidador primario de pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células hematopoyéticas. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada de los últimos 10 años con los términos MeSH: psychotherapy AND caregive AND stem cell transplantation en las principales bases de datos médicas y de psicología, para su análisis se empleó la estrategia: Problema, Intervención, Comparación y Outcomes (PICO). Resultados: Se identificaron 122 artículos, de ellos diez cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las intervenciones provenían de profesionales de enfermería o trabajo social; el 50% incluyó diadas (paciente y cuidador primario), mostraron una tendencia de duración corta, enfocada al periodo posterior al trasplante. Se basan en el entrenamiento en solución de problemas, manejo de estrés, atención plena y expresión emocional. Las intervenciones lograron la disminución de la depresión, ansiedad y estrés en el cuidador; pero no alcanzaron permanencia en la significancia estadística de dichos restablecimientos. Discusión: De acuerdo con lo observado en las publicaciones y por su impacto positivo en la salud mental, se recomienda la implementación de intervenciones psicológicas en cuidadores de pacientes con trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Conclusión: El apoyo psicológico brindado al cuidador generalmente es de profesionales de la salud que no pertenecen al área de la psicología, con resultados clínicos favorables en las etapas más críticas de su estado mental.

Abstract Introduction: Being an informal primary healthcare provider of a patient who undergoes hematopoietic progeny cells transplantation can have adverse consequences on mental health and the quality of life. Objective: To describe the available psychological interventions for the primary healthcare provider of patients undergoing hematopoietic cells transplantations. Methodology: A systematized search of the last 10 years using the MeSH terms psychotherapy AND caregiver AND stem cell transplantation was conducted on the main medical and psychological databases. The analysis strategy followed the PICO scheme (Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes). Results: 122 articles were identified, and 10 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The interventions were related to nursing or social work professionals. 50% described patient-healthcare provider dyads with short interventions focused on the post-transplantation period. Discussion: According to what has been observed in the publications and due to its positive impact on mental health, the implementation of psychological interventions is recommended in caregivers of patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Conclusion: The psychological support provided to the caregiver comes mainly from health professionals who do not belong to the area of psychology, with favorable clinical results in the most critical periods for their mental state.

Resumo Introdução: Ser cuidador primário informal de um paciente sometido a transplante de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas pode ter consequências negativas na saúde mental e na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções psicológicas disponíveis para o cuidador primário de pacientes sometidos a transplante de células hematopoiéticas. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma busca sistematizada dos últimos 10 anos com os termos MeSH: psychotherapy AND caregive AND stem cell transplantation nas principais bases de dados médicas e de psicologia, para sua análise realizou-se a estratégia: Problema, Intervenção, Comparação e Outcomes (PICO). Resultados: Identificaram-se 122 artigos, dos quais, dez cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. As intervenções provinham de profissionais em enfermagem ou trabalho social; o 50% incluiu díades (paciente e cuidador primário), mostraram uma tendência de duração curta, focalizada no período posterior ao transplante. Baseiam-se no treinamento em solução de problemas, manejo de estresse, atenção plena e expressão emocional. As intervenções conseguiram melhoras clínicas na diminuição da depressão, ansiedade e estresse no cuidador; mas não alcançaram permanência na significância estatística destes restabelecimentos. Discussão: Conforme o observado nas publicações e por seu impacto positivo na saúde mental, recomenda-se a implementação de intervenções psicológicas em cuidadores de pacientes para quem se indicou transplante de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas. Conclusão: O apoio psicológico oferecido ao cuidador vem de principalmente profissionais da saúde que não pertencem à área da psicologia, com resultados clínicos favoráveis nos períodos mais críticos para seu estado mental.

Intervenciones psicológicas en el tratamiento de la ansiedad en personas con cáncer de mama: un meta-análisis / Psychological Interventions in Anxiety Treatment in People with Breast Cancer: a Meta-Analysis

Resumen Esta investigación busca estimar el tamaño del efecto de las intervenciones psicológicas para el tratamiento de la ansiedad en personas con cáncer de mama. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de bases de datos en línea (Dialnet, Ebsco, Latindex, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, SAGE, Scielo y Google Scholar), a través de la cual se extrajeron artículos experimentales y cuasi-experimentales relevantes para el tema de estudio. De los artículos seleccionados, se extrajeron datos de las participantes, los tratamientos utilizados y datos pretest y postest de los grupos para el análisis. Diecisiete artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron agregados en el análisis. El tamaño de efecto global de las intervenciones fue de (g= -.459). Asimismo, se realizaron análisis de sesgo y de variables continuas moderadoras.

Abstract This study aims to estimate the effect size of psychological interventions for anxiety treatment in people diagnosed with breast cancer. A systematic review of online databases (Dialnet, Ebsco, Latindex, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, SAGE, Scielo, and Google Scholar) was carried out, through which experimental and quasi-experimental articles relevant to the analysis were retrieved. From the selected articles, data were extracted regarding the participants, the treatments used, and pre and post test data from the groups for analysis. Seventeen articles that met the inclusion criteria were used in the analysis. The overall effect size of the interventions was determined (g= -.459). Likewise, bias and continuous moderating variables analyses were performed.

Efficacy of weight management combined with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obesityrelated obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of weight management combined with pharyngoplasty for treatment of obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHODS@#Sixty obese patients with OSAHS were randomly assigned into the combined treatment group and control group (@*RESULTS@#After 6 months of treatment, the patients receiving the combined treatment showed significant reductions of BMI, neck circumference and waist circumference as compared with the measurements before treatment and with those in the control group (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Weight management combined with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty can produce a good clinical efficacy for treatment of OSAHS with obesity, and the patients should have strengthened continuous family weight management while receiving surgical treatment.

Empirically supported interventions in psychology: contributions of Research Domain Criteria

Abstract Empirically supported interventions in psychological disorders should provide (1) evidence supporting the underlying psychological mechanisms of psychopathology to target in the intervention and (2) evidence supporting the efficacy of the intervention. However, research has been dedicated in a greater extent to efficacy than to the acquisition of empirical support for the theoretical basis of therapies. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) emerges as a new framework to provide empirically based theories about psychological mechanisms that may be targeted in intervention and tested for its efficacy. The current review aims to demonstrate the possible applications of RDoC to design empirically supported interventions for psychological disorders. Two RDoC-inspired interventions are reviewed, and the RDoC framework is broadly explored in terms of its contributions and limitations. From preliminary evidence, RDoC offers many avenues for improving evidence-based interventions in psychology, but some limitations must be anticipated to increase the RDoC applicability to naturalistic settings. (AU)

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Third-Wave Online Interventions for Depression / Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis de las intervenciones de tercera generación online para depresión

Abstract Online psychological interventions for the treatment of depression are increasing as an alternative to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy. Adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression have been tested, with meta-analyses showing weighted effect sizes ranging from d = 0.40 to 0.56. However, there is less evidence on the effect of adaptations of third-wave behavioral therapies for depression. Accordingly, this study reviews the evidence of online applications of third-wave behavioral therapies for depression. Nine randomized clinical trials were found with a total of 1910 participants. Most of these trials implemented online versions of behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). All studies reported positive effects of third-wave therapies. A meta-analysis was conducted with the 6 studies (N = 1744) that compared an online intervention versus wait-list or treatment as usual conditions. Medium to large effect sizes were found with a weighted effect size of d = 0.61. In conclusion, online adaptations of third-wave therapies seem to be legitimate options for the treatment of depression.

Resumen Las intervenciones psicológicas online para el tratamiento de la depresión están creciendo como una alternativa a la psicoterapia tradicional vis a vis. Se han evaluado adaptaciones de la terapia cognitivo conductual para el tratamiento de la depresión, señalando los meta-análisis tamaños del efecto promedio entre d = 0.40 y 0.56. Sin embargo, existe menor evidencia acerca de los efectos de adaptaciones de las terapias conductuales de tercera generación para la depresión. Consecuentemente, este estudio revisa la evidencia de las aplicaciones online de terapias conductuales de tercera generación para la depresión. Se encontraron 9 estudios clínicos aleatorizados con un total de 1910 participantes. La mayor parte de los estudios aplicaron versiones de la activación conductual y la terapia de aceptación y compromiso. Todos los estudios reportaron efectos positivos de las terapias de tercera generación. Se realizó un meta-análisis con los 6 estudios (N = 1744) que compararon una intervención online versus un control en lista de espera o tratamiento habitual. Se encontraron tamaños del efecto entre medianos y grandes, con un tamaño del efecto promedio de d = 0.61. En conclusión, las adaptaciones online de terapias de tercera generación parecen ser una opción legítima para el tratamiento de la depresión.

Non-pharmacological Interventions for Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Comparative Review and Emerging Needs in India

Context: Evidence-based research on psycho-oncology in last three decades lays emphasis upon the critical role of psychologicalservices for better illness adjustment, improved quality of life, reduced distress and cognitive problems among the rapidly increasingpediatric cancer population.Justification: This review aims to summarize the evidence-based psychological interventions in childhood cancer over the two decadesand addresses the wide gap that existed between intervention studies worldwide and India, thus highlighting the need for research andappropriate services.Evidence acquisition: We searched electronic databases such as MedLine, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Key searchterms were pediatric cancer, psycho-oncology, children with cancer + psychological intervention, or multimodal treatment, psychotherapy,cognitive training, behavioral, social skills+ feasibility study, pilot, randomized controlled trial, case study, systematic reviews.Results: 28 full papers published between 1996 to 2016, including survivors and under-treatment children below 18 years, werereviewed. Various types of key interventions were psychosocial, physical, cognitive behavioral, cognitive, music art therapy and playtherapy. Generally, intervention settings were either hospital or home, and were designed to promote psychological well-being.Psychological interventions were more in customised formats in these studies. A generic intervention module was not available forreplication.Conclusion: Development of culture-specific generic intervention module and using the same in randomized control studies with largereffect size are needed in India for larger coverage of patients.

Tratamiento psicológico en pacientes lupus eritematoso sistémico: una revisión sistemática / Psychological treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review

El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue explorar las intervenciones psicológicas aplicadas a pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y analizar su utilidad para promover una adaptación favorable en el área psicológica, social y física. Se realizó una exhaustiva búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO y Cochrane Library y se seleccionaron investigaciones empíricas publicadas entre 2005 y 2016. Los estudios reflejaron diferentes opciones terapéuticas: terapia cognitivo-conductual, expresión emocional escrita, entrenamiento en atención plena y una combinación de psicoeducación y psicoterapia en grupo. Los resultados muestran que estas intervenciones pueden repercutir positivamente en la calidad de vida, la ansiedad, la depresión, el estrés, la salud mental, la imagen corporal, el manejo de la enfermedad, las relaciones interpersonales, la fatiga, y el dolor. Sin embargo, los estudios presentan notables limitaciones metodológicas que impiden extraer conclusiones definitivas. Por ello, se considera imprescindible la realización de ensayos controlados aleatorizados de mayor calidad metodológica que permitan cuantificar la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas en LES y establecer la superioridad de un tratamiento frente a otro.

The purpose of this systematic review was to explore psychological interventions applied to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and analyze their usefulness in promoting a favorable adaptation in the psychological, social and physical area. A comprehensive search bases Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library data was performed and empirical research published between 2005 and 2016 were selected studies reflected different therapeutic options: cognitive behavioral therapy, emotional writing, and mindfulness training a combination of group psychoeducation and psychotherapy. The results show that these interventions can positively impact the quality of life, anxiety, depression, stress, mental health, body image, disease management, interpersonal relationships, fatigue, and pain. However, studies have significant methodological limitations that prevent definitive conclusions. Therefore, it is considered essential to perform randomized controlled trials of higher methodological quality to quantify the effectiveness of psychological interventions in sle and establish the superiority of one treatment over another.

Intervenções psicológicas diante do assédio moral no trabalho / Psychological interventions against workplace mobbing / Intervención psicológica ante el acoso moral en el trabajo

O assédio moral é um fenômeno mundial, complexo e multicausal. Refere-se a comportamentos violentos que visam humilhar, rechaçar e demolir psiquicamente o indivíduo ou grupo assediado, no contexto do trabalho. Devido ao seu potencial para causar sofrimento psíquico e adoecimento no trabalho, pode exigir intervenções psicológicas. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo objetiva identificar se os Psicólogos, quando inseridos nas organizações de trabalho, têm enfrentado o assédio moral, e como têm realizado as intervenções psicológicas. Para isto, também buscou-se compreender qual é o entendimento que estes profissionais possuem acerca do assédio moral nas relações de trabalho. Realizou-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e delineamento exploratório. Foram entrevistados sete Psicólogos, recrutados por conveniência. Os dados foram processados por análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que os Psicólogos utilizam intervenções psicológicas preventivas, mas pontuais e isoladas, bem como intervenções reativas, caracterizadas por demissão, manutenção de distanciamento físico entre os envolvidos no caso de assédio e acompanhamento do comportamento do agressor, após conversa inicial. Também se constatou que os Psicólogos compreendem adequadamente o assédio moral enquanto fenômeno que humilha e é perpetuado por gestores, caracterizando abuso de poder hierárquico.

The mobbing is a complex global phenomenon that have many causes. It refers to violent behaviors that aim to humiliate, reject and cause psychological harms a harassed individual or group, in work context. Due the potential to cause psychological damage and illness at work, may demands psychological interventions. In this way, the present paper aims to identify if psychologist, when working in the company, confront, and what their psychological interventions are. For this purpose, we intended to comprehend what u these professionals understand about mobbing in labor relations. We conducted a qualitative study with an exploratory design approach. Seven psychologists were interviewed, recruited by convenience. Data were processed by content analysis. The results showed that psychologists use preventive, but specific and isolated, psychological interventions, as well as reactive interventions, characterized by resignation, maintaining physical distance between those involved in the case of harassment and monitoring the behavior of the offender, after initial conversation. It was also observed that: psychologists adequately understand bullying as a phenomenon that humiliates and is perpetuated by managers, featuring abuse of hierarchical power.

El acoso es un fenómeno global, compleja y multifactorial. Se refiere a un comportamiento violento destinado a humillar, rechazar y psíquicamente demoler el individuo o grupo acosado, en el contexto del trabajo. Debido a su potencial para causar trastornos psicológicos y enfermedades en el trabajo, puede requiere de intervenciones psicológicas. En esta perspectiva, el trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar si los psicólogos, cuando si inserem en las organizaciones de trabajo se han enfrentado el acoso moral y cómo se han realizado las intervenciones psicológicas. Por esto, también tratamos de entender lo que es el entendimiento de que estos profesionales poseen acerca de la intimidación en las relaciones laborales. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y enfoque de diseño exploratorio. Fueron entrevistados siete psicólogos contratados por conveniencia. Los datos se procesaron por análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que los psicólogos utilizan intervenciones preventivas, pero específicas y aisladas, así como las intervenciones reactivas, que se caracteriza por la demisión, el mantenimiento de la distancia física entre las personas involucradas en el caso del acoso y la vigilancia de la conducta del delincuente, después de la conversación inicial también mostró que: psicólogos entienden adecuadamente el acoso moral como un fenómeno que humilla y se perpetúa por los administradores, con el abuso de poder jerárquico.

The effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy combined with psychological intervention in treating post-stroke depression / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy combined with psychological intervention for treating depression after cerebral infarction.Methods Eighty persons diagnosed with depression after cerebral infarction were divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training and psychological intervention, but the treatment group also received microcurrent transcranial electrical stimulation treatment.All the patients were evaluated with Hamilton's depression scale (HAMD) and the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and given Barthel index (BI) scores before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of any of the measures before treatment.After 4 weeks of treatment, both groups had improved significantly, but the improvements on all measures were significantly better in the treatment group.Conclusion Cranial electrotherapy combined with psychological intervention can significantly improve symptoms of depression and cognitive function in patients with post-stroke depression, and play an important role in improving their daily life.

Improving access to psychosocial interventions for psychosis

Despite the introduction of new antipsychotics and improved access to Clozapine over the last 50 or so years, the clinical outcome for people with schizophreniform illnesses has shown little demonstrable improvement. Over the same period of time, a range of evidence based psychological interventions have been developed. Health services research suggest that only a small proportion of people with serious mental illness receive these evidence based psychological interventions. This editorial will focus on reviewing the psychological and psychosocial interventions that have been developed for psychosis and consider what mental health services may need to do to improve the symptomatic and functional outcome for their patients with schizophrenia

Perioperative Psychological and Music Interventions in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia: Effect on Anxiety, Heart Rate Variability, and Postoperative Pain

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative psychological and music interventions in elderly patients undergoing elective surgery on anxiety, post-operative pain, and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) to ascertain if perioperative psychological and music interventions can affect overall anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized to two groups; one group received psychological and music intervention, and the other was the control. The intervention group underwent psychological intervention and listening to music for 30 min before surgery. RESULTS: The mean change in HRV as determined by low frequency (LF) power measurements. After the intervention, the ratio of mean LF to high frequency (HF) power decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to before the intervention (p<0.05). In the control group, mean LF measurements and the ratio of LF:HF did not change significantly. In the intervention group, mean HF power was significantly higher after the procedure than before (p<0.01). Moreover, the mean self-rating anxiety score of the intervention group decreased after the procedure compared to before (p<0.05). The mean visual analogue score of the intervention group 6 hours after surgery was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Perioperative psychological and music interventions can reduce anxiety and postoperative pain in elderly patients.