Intervención psicológica, desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva, en parejas infértiles que están en proceso de inseminación artificial

Fundamento: desde la mirada de la psicología positiva, el trabajo con la pareja infértil, que se insemina, permite potenciar las emociones positivas que favorecen el tratamiento y fortalecer en ellos la capacidad resiliente que les conduce a un mayor bienestar psicológico para enfrentar este proceso. Objetivo: aplicar una estrategia de intervención psicológica en parejas infértiles en proceso de inseminación artificial. Métodos estudio prospectivo, de enfoque mixto, que incluyó once parejas bajo tratamiento de inseminación artificial, atendidas en el Centro de Reproducción del Hospital Abel Santamaría, en Pinar de Río, desde diciembre de 2021 hasta abril de 2022. La vía esencial para la localización y accesibilidad de la muestra objeto de estudio fue la consulta propia de psicología dentro de la comisión multidisciplinaria que estudia estas parejas. Se realizaron entrevistas clínicas, observación participante y test psicométricos. Se aplicó una estrategia de intervención psicológica basada en la psicología tradicional y la psicología positiva. Se midió la resiliencia de las parejas antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: la intervención elevó a valores medios-altos la resiliencia de las parejas infértiles que se inseminan. Promovió el desarrollo de pensamientos y estados emocionales positivos, así como la identificación de fortalezas personales y de las parejas. Conclusiones: una estrategia de intervención psicológica basada en la psicología tradicional y la positiva contribuye a elevar la resiliencia de parejas infértiles en proceso de inseminación artificial.

Foundation: from the positive psychology point of view, working with the infertile couple, who is inseminated, allows to enhance the positive emotions that favor the treatment and strengthen their resilient capacity that leads to greater psychological well-being to face this process. Objective: to apply a psychological intervention strategy in infertile couples during the artificial insemination process. Methods: prospective study, with a mixed approach, which included eleven couples undergoing artificial insemination treatment, treated at the Abel Santamaría Hospital Reproduction Center, in Pinar de Río, from December 2021 to April 2022. The essential route for localization and accessibility of the sample under study was the psychology consultation within the multidisciplinary commission that studies these couples. Clinical interviews, participant observation and psychometric tests were carried out. A psychological intervention strategy based on traditional psychology and positive psychology was applied. The resilience of the couples was measured before and after the intervention. Results: the intervention raised the resilience of infertile couples that are inseminated to medium-high values. It promoted the development of positive thoughts and emotional states, as well as the identification of personal and couple strengths. Conclusions: a psychological intervention strategy based on traditional and positive psychology contributes to increasing the infertile couples's resilience in the artificial insemination process.

Character Strengths Scale-Brief: initial psychometric studies / Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve: estudos psicométricos iniciais

Objective Character strengths are positive human characteristics that indicate a happy and successful life. The objective was to select items for the Character Strengths Scale-Brief instrument and to identify its psychometric properties. Method Exploratory factor analysis and qualitative analysis of the items (Study 1) were performed in a database of 4,540 people who responded to the Character Strengths Scale (71 items). In Study 2, 1,014 participants responded to the Character Strengths Scale-Brief (48 items). Results The psychometric indices identified in the confirmatory factor analyses were unsatisfactory for the instrument when considering structures previously reported in the literature. Conclusion After successive analyses, the structure of two factors of first order was considered the most adequate for the Character Strengths Scale-Brief (18 items), with better fit indexes and theoretical relevance. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.

Objetivo: Forças de caráter são características humanas positivas que indicam uma vida feliz e bem-sucedida. Neste artigo, objetivou-se selecionar itens para elaborar a Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve e identificar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Método: Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias e qualitativas dos itens (Estudo 1) a partir informações coletadas em um banco de dados composto por 4.540 registros de respostas à Escala de Forças de Caráter (71 itens). No Estudo 2, 1.014 participantes responderam à Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve (48 itens). Resultados: Os índices psicométricos identificados nas análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram insatisfatórios para o instrumento quando consideradas as estruturas relatadas anteriormente na literatura. Conclusão: Após sucessivas análises, a estrutura de dois fatores de primeira ordem foi considerada a mais adequada para a Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve (18 itens), com melhores índices de ajuste e pertinência teórica. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura.

Forças de caráter autopercebidas por enfermeiros de centros de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas / Self-perceived character strengths by nurses from alcohol and drug psychosocial care centers

Introdução: as forças de caráter são um coletivo de traços positivos moralmente valorizados derivados da psicologia positiva, essenciais para o nosso bem-estar. Essa é uma descoberta inovadora, devido ser uma linguagem do caráter que atravessa culturas descrevendo o que há de melhor nos seres humanos. A jornada dos enfermeiros é reconhecidamente fundamental e essencial para a qualidade da prestação dos serviços dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), sendo um cargo de liderança e estando presente em todos os turnos, sua rotina é marcada por situações complicadas, demandando a construção de diversas habilidades e procedimentos específicos, para lidar com problemas neuropsiquiátricos graves, sintomas relacionados ao uso de substâncias, entre outras situações. Objetivo: analisar as forças de caráter autopercebidas por enfermeiros de saúde mental de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad) em seu cotidiano de trabalho no contexto da atenção psicossocial. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, em consonância com o referencial teórico das forças de caráter de Peterson e Seligman ancoradas na psicologia positiva. Participaram do estudo 15 enfermeiros que atuavam em três CAPSad do município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados via ambiente virtual, em duas etapas: na primeira etapa foi apresentado um questionário via google form com dados de caracterização dos participantes e as forças de caráter; na segunda etapa foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, de forma remota, via plataforma virtual (Zoom), para explorar a relação das forças de caráter com a prática do enfermeiro. As informações obtidas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Foram respeitados os preceitos éticos de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, sendo aprovado por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o número CAAE: 52210621.6.0000.5347.

Introduction: Character strengths are a collective of morally valued positive traits derived from positive psychology that are essential to our well-being. This is a groundbreaking finding, as it is a language of character that crosses cultures describing the best in human beings. The journey of nurses is recognized as fundamental and essential for the quality of service delivery at Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), being a leadership position and being present in all shifts, their routine is marked by complicated situations, demanding the construction of different skills and specific procedures, to deal with with severe neuropsychiatric problems, symptoms related to substance use, among other situations. Objective: to analyze the self- perceived character strengths of mental health nurses from Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) in their daily work in the context of psychosocial care. Methods: this is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive research, in line with the theoretical framework of Peterson and Seligman's character strengths anchored in positive psychology. The study included 15 nurses who worked in three CAPSad in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected via a virtual environment, in two stages: in the first stage, a questionnaire was presented via google form with characterization data of the participants and character strengths; in the second stage, a semi-structured interview was conducted remotely via a virtual platform (Zoom) to explore the relationship between character strengths and nursing practice. The information obtained was submitted to content analysis. The ethical precepts of researches involving human beings were respected, being approved by a Committee of Ethics in Research under number CAAE: 52210621.6.0000.5347.

Aplicando psicología positiva en educación médica / Applying positive psychology to medical education

Today we are witnessing an exponential growth in positive psychology (PP), a scientific approach to the most significant purpose of human existence: happiness and meaning of life. As a consequence of PP studies, happiness and wellbeing are now accepted as valid topics of research, despite their subjective and supposedly unscientific essence. Experimental evident indicates that happiness and wellbeing have biological bases and, thus, can be scientifically approached and eventually changed. We believe that we need to learn from this new discipline and apply its discoveries in our profession as medical educators to foster the full development of our students. In this review, we will summarize the major developments and discoveries of PP, and open the debate on the implications of PP offer to medical education.