A etiologia do sintoma psicossomático: sua relação com a reincidência traumática e o retraimento autista / Etiology of psychosomatic symptoms: its relationship with traumatic recurrence and autistic withdrawal

A etiologia do sintoma psicossomático continua indefinida, apesar de inúmeros estudos de ciências afins. Apresento a hipótese de que este só se desenvolve em paciente portador de personalidade autista como predisposição, isto é, que tenha barreiras autistas - apego às "formas autistas" e aos "objetos autistas" - em resposta a um trauma no período fetal ou do nascimento, que promova sensação de descontinuidade física. Essas formas e objetos são elementos do próprio corpo, como a saliva, a língua, os dedos e as mãos em contato com suas próprias superfícies sensórias, mais a pele. A soma do registro dessas sensações pela memória implícita incipiente ou em desenvolvimento funciona como um ego biológico sem sujeito cognitivamente interpretante. O paciente portador de personalidade autista, diante de um novo trauma com a mesma sensação de morte, retira-se para o estado de homeostase autista, como se já soubesse o caminho, e aí fica hospedado. Dessa forma, seu corpo se converte em uma "mãe suficientemente boa", conforme conceituada por Winnicott. O sintoma psicossomático é uma representação das defesas biológicas e não um representante de conflitos que têm como base elementos sexuais ou destrutivos reprimidos. Inclui a angústia de morte, de deixar de existir. Os fenômenos psicossomáticos escondem, paradoxalmente, uma luta pela vida e, especialmente, pela sobrevivência psíquica do paciente, segundo MacDougall.

Etiology of psychosomatic symptoms remains unclear, in spite of many studies by similar sciences. I present the hypothesis that the patient needs to have an autistic personality as predisposition, i.e., he needs to have autistic barriers - attachment to "autistic forms" and to "autistic objects" - in response to a fetal or postpartum trauma that produces a feeling of physical discontinuity. These forms and objects are elements of the body itself, such as saliva, fingers, tongue, and hands in contact with its own sensory surfaces, especially the skin. The sum of these registers by incipient or developing implicit memory works as a biological ego without a cognitively interpreting subject. The patient with an autistic personality withdraws to the autistic homeostatic state when there is a trauma with an instinctive notion of death, as if he already knew the way and remains in suspension there. Thus, the body becomes a "good enough mother," as quoted by Winnicott. Psychosomatic symptoms are a representation of biological defenses, and not a representative of conflicts based on repressed sexual or destructive elements. It includes death anxiety, of no longer existing. Psychosomatic symptoms paradoxically hide a fight to live and especially to the patient's psychic survival, according to MacDougall.

Psychosomatic Symptom,Personality Factor and Life Event of Graduate Students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To study the relationship between graduate students'personalities, life events and psychic symptom.Methods:828 graduate students in Tianjin were investigated, their psychosomatic symptoms were rated with SCL-90 and psychosocial factors were assessed with Cattell 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire and Life Event Scale.Result:The first three factors in the psychosomatic symptoms were displayed in order: Obsession-compulsion(0.67?0.55), Interpersonal sensitivity (0.61?0.56), and Depression(0.50?0.51).The personalities were revealed as follows: E (6.23?1.69) , F(6.23?1.80) and Q 4(6.12?1.10), these factors were higher than Chinese norm, L (3.82?1.62), O (4.64?1.70) and I (4.86?1.62) were lower than norm.Conclusion:Male, having siblings, engineer and negative scores of work and study are risk factors for psychosomatic symptoms, whereas medical staff is a protective one.

Reliabilities and Validities of Behavior Inhibition Scale / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To construct the Behavior Inhibition Scale. Methods: The compilation of items was in accordance with the content validity of seven kinds behavior inhibition. The Self Consistency and Congruence Scale and SCL-90 were also applied as validity index. Results: Factor analysis on 660 subjects rating on original 86 items of Behavior Inhibition Scale yielded seven factors composed of 42 items, measuring the inhibition of help-seeking, self-confidence, independence, negativeness, alienation, dominate, and refuse, respectively. Behavior inhibition correlated significantly with SCL-90 and self congruence, and significant sex and education differences were also detected. Conclusion: The Behavior Inhibition Scale has good reliabilities and well validated.