Praças públicas e possibilidades lúdicas: uma análise das praças Serzedelo Correia e Edmundo Bittencourt em Copacabana-RJ / Public squares and playful possibilities: an analysis of Serzedelo Correa and Edmundo Bittencout's square at Copacabana - RJ

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as condições das instalações de lazer em duas (2) praças públicas do bairro Copacabana, município do Rio de janeiro. A partir disso, podemos inferir questões acerca da relação entre conservação dos espaços estatais e as possibilidades de lazer para o conjunto da população. Esta pesquisa utilizou uma analise crítica com observação participante e entrevistas com usuários e funcionários de limpeza, segurança e conservação que atuam nas praças. Concluímos haver sérios problemas de conversação em ambas as praças, que implicam numa precarização e restrição das possibilidades de utilização desses equipamentos públicos.

The aim of this study was to analyze the conditions of the leisure facilities in two (2) public squares in the Copacabana district of Rio de Janeiro. From this we can infer questions about the relationship between conservation of state spaces and leisure possibilities for the whole population. This research used a critical analysis with participant observation and interviews with users and cleaning staff, security and conservation working in the streets. We conclude be serious talk of problems in both squares, which entail a precarious and Restriction of options for using these public facilities.

Apropriação e uso dos espaços de lazer da população Curraisnovense / Appropriation and use of spaces for leisure population Curraisnovense

O lazer hoje é considerado um direito do cidadão brasileiro regulamentado pela Constituição de 1988, e o poder público buscando satisfazer as necessidades da população e em conformidade com as leis federais, estaduais e municipais, constituem espaços públicos de lazer para o fomento dessa atividade. O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo realizar um estudo com a população curraisnovense visando conhecer o processo de apropriação dos espaços públicos para o lazer da comunidade. Como metodologia foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística por conveniência, onde foram aplicados 160 formulários com a população curraisnovense para conhecer como é realizado o processo de apropriação dos espaços e identificar as necessidades da população frente aos espaços de lazer da cidade. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam que a população geralmente utiliza dos espaços públicos de lazer para confraternização com familiares e amigos, prática de esportes e lanches nos quiosques e espetinhos espalhados em todos os bairros da cidade. Foi constatado que os espaços públicos da cidade são passíveis para a apropriação e uso da população para o lazer, mas há uma carência de atividades que possam atrair esse público periodicamente.

The leisure today is considered a right of the citizen regulated by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, and the government seeking to satisfy the needs of the population and in accordance with federal, state and local, as public spaces for leisure promoting this activity. This article is the result of a survey that aimed to conduct a study with curraisnovense population in order to know the process of appropriation of public spaces for leisure community. The methodology we used a non-probability sample of convenience, where 160 forms were applied to the population curraisnovense to know how is done the process of appropriation of spaces and identify the needs of the population compared to the leisure facilities of the city. The main results of the research show that people often use public leisure spaces for socializing with family and friends, sports and snack kiosks scattered and skewered in all neighborhoods. It was found that the city's public spaces are subject to appropriation and use of the population for recreation, but there is a lack of activities that may attract this audience regularly.

Opinions on the Recent No-Smoking Policy in Daejeon Metropolitan City: a Focus on the Differences of Opinions Between Smokers and Non-Smokers

BACKGROUND: The anti-smoking policy in Korea has been recently focusing on reducing the harmful effects of tobacco smoke pollution by establishing smoking bans or restrictions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in opinions between smokers and non-smokers regarding this current policy. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted by Gallup Korea involving 1,200 adult residents (older than 19 years) of the Daejeon Metropolitan Area. The number of respondents included in the assessment was 1,013 people (sampling error: +/-3.1% in 95% confidence interval). The questionnaire consisted of 4 main categories-general characteristics, knowledge and attitude of tobacco smoke pollution, agreement on non-smoking area designation of 9 public facilities, and opinions for imposing smoking fines. We conducted the Pearson's chi-square test to identify the different opinions between smokers and non-smokers. All statistical assessments were performed using the SPSS 18.0K. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding the risks of tobacco smoke pollution between the two groups. However, smokers (79.0%) were less likely to recognize the seriousness of tobacco smoke pollution than non-smokers (94.7%) (P<0.001). In regard to their opinions for designating outdoor non-smoking areas, both groups agreed that designating non-smoking zones for children is the most important. Lastly, regarding the imposing of smoking fines, smokers were less supportive (58.3%) of the policy than non-smokers (92.2%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of our survey, establishing non-smoking zones for children is the top priority of all non-smoking public areas, followed by restaurants, bus stops, and parks. For a successful non-smoking policy in public facilities, the cooperation and participation of smokers is required. Therefore, we should make every effort to educate smokers focusing on public relations to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco smoke pollution.

Opinions on the Recent No-Smoking Policy in Daejeon Metropolitan City: a Focus on the Differences of Opinions Between Smokers and Non-Smokers

BACKGROUND: The anti-smoking policy in Korea has been recently focusing on reducing the harmful effects of tobacco smoke pollution by establishing smoking bans or restrictions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in opinions between smokers and non-smokers regarding this current policy. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted by Gallup Korea involving 1,200 adult residents (older than 19 years) of the Daejeon Metropolitan Area. The number of respondents included in the assessment was 1,013 people (sampling error: +/-3.1% in 95% confidence interval). The questionnaire consisted of 4 main categories-general characteristics, knowledge and attitude of tobacco smoke pollution, agreement on non-smoking area designation of 9 public facilities, and opinions for imposing smoking fines. We conducted the Pearson's chi-square test to identify the different opinions between smokers and non-smokers. All statistical assessments were performed using the SPSS 18.0K. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding the risks of tobacco smoke pollution between the two groups. However, smokers (79.0%) were less likely to recognize the seriousness of tobacco smoke pollution than non-smokers (94.7%) (P<0.001). In regard to their opinions for designating outdoor non-smoking areas, both groups agreed that designating non-smoking zones for children is the most important. Lastly, regarding the imposing of smoking fines, smokers were less supportive (58.3%) of the policy than non-smokers (92.2%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of our survey, establishing non-smoking zones for children is the top priority of all non-smoking public areas, followed by restaurants, bus stops, and parks. For a successful non-smoking policy in public facilities, the cooperation and participation of smokers is required. Therefore, we should make every effort to educate smokers focusing on public relations to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco smoke pollution.

Analysis of the Layperson Ability to perform Basic Life Support in Public Facilities

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the public's ability to perform basic life support (BLS) in public facilities. METHODS: We collected the information and results of BLS from the public in parks and civil defense education centers. The enrolled subjects performed the CPR sequence and the foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) sequence on manikins. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty people were enrolled and 186 (52%) of them knew about BLS by the media. Also, 257 (71%) of them answered that the media was important when they were asked about the priority of the education methods for BLS. On the results of the tests, 111 (30%) were not confident performing BLS and as a result, only 9 persons correctly performed the sequence of BLS and 2 persons correctly performed the sequency of FBAO. 189(57%) of them were contacted any cases of resuscitation education just by media and 250(74%) were evaluated in having affinity to media educations. Self-satisfaction was revealed almost at 50~80 points. CONCLUSION: Almost all public persons did not correctly perform the sequence of BLS. We expected that the media will have a large role to teach and effectively spread the techniques of BLS to the public.

A Study on a current Legal Foundations for Emergency Medical Service in Public Facilities

PURPOSE: Our country has seen a rapid increase in economic growth, national land development and planning. As a consequence, cities were enlarged and became densely populated. Public facilities were also increased to adequately serve the increasing population. Within the past 10 years, a lot of accidents in public facilities have occurred but the legal foundations for emergency medical care and systems for these public facilities may be lacking. METHODS: From the current domestic laws, we defined the public facilities and the enrolled laws that govern these facilities. Adequacy of the enrolled laws were then analyzed using 7 reference points: education for all employees, education for security employees, education for customers, arrangement of medical persons, arrangement of security person, equipment for emergency care and penalty. RESULTS: There were 17 enrolled laws and only 'Juvenile Activity Promotion Act' fulfilled most of the reference points except for 2; the arrangement of medical persons and penalty. Fifteen of the enrolled laws fulfilled less than 3 reference points. CONCLUSION: In the current domestic laws governing public facilities, almost all of them practically lacked policies addressing emergency care and systems.

Determination of Urea in Swimming Pool Water by Continuous Flow Injection Analysis / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To develop a stable and quick method to determine the urea in swimming pool water.Methods On the conditions of strong acid and calefaction,urea can react on antipyrine and diacetyl monoxime and become yellow which can be determined by colorimetric analysis in 450 nm with the ALLIANCE FUTURA continuous flow injection auto analysis system.Results Determined by this method,the linear range was 0.5-4.0 mg/L,the regression equation was y=0.077 5x+0.021 9,the correlative coefficient r=0.999,the detection limit was 0.07 mg/L.With residual chlorine of 0.3 and 3.0 mg/L,the recovery rates were 98.8%-104.0% and did not disturb the determination.The results determined by the present method were the same as those by the method in GB/T 18204.29-2000(Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test:Z=0.051,P=0.959).Conclusion Determination of the urea in swimming pool water with continuous flow injection auto analysis,the sensitivity,accuracy and limit of determination can meet to the requirement,moreover,the analysis speed is faster,less reagent will be needed,the present method can be generalized in the laboratory that has the conditions.

Investigation of the Pollution Status of Heating-Ventilating-Air Conditioning(HVAC) Systems in Shenyang Public Place / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the pollution status of heating-ventilating-air conditioning(HVAC) systems in Shenyang public place. Methods The dust samples were collected and examined from the HVAC system in twelve hotels and ten shopping malls in Shenyang in March-June, 2004. Results Among HVAC systems in Shenyang public buildings, 71.51% of them were moderately polluted and 27.37% were seriously polluted. The rate of serious pollution of hotels was higher than that of shopping malls, the volume of dust in the air pipes in hotels was lager, but the amount of bacteria and fungi was less than that of shopping malls. Conclusion The HVAC systems of Shenyang public buildings have been seriously polluted.

Investigation on Salmonella typhi in Sewage of Urban Area of Yunfu / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the contamination of sewage from hotels and restaurants by Salmonella typhi. Methods 327 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants and 176 sewage samples collected from some residential area were detected for Salmonella typhi based on the national standard methods. Results The positive rate of Salmonella typhi in the sewage samples from hotels and restaurants (3.67%) was significantly higher than that from residential area(0.57%), P=0.04(exact probability test).12 strains of Salmonella typhi belonging to 4 sero-groups and 9 serotypes were found in 12 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants.One strain of Salmonella typhimurium was only found in one sewage sample collected from residential area. The positive rate of Salmonella typhi in the sewage samples collected during January-March (5.47%) was significantly higher than that during April-June(0.79%) among total 327 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants, P=0.033(exact probability test). Conclusion The contamination of sewage from hotels and restaurants by Salmonella typhi and its potential risk to human health should be paid more attention to.

Monitoring of CO and CO_2 in Public Indoor Places With the Common Hygienic Standards / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the pollution status of main indoors air pollution factor, CO and CO2, in Guangzhou City, and to study the feasibility of using same standards in pollution monitoring. Methods 822 sampling points of various public places were monitored. Public places were classified into 1 group (≤5 mg/m3)?2 group(≤10 mg/m3)?3 group(CO level was not require to monitor)by CO level and were classified into Ⅰgroup(≤0.07%)?Ⅱgroup(≤0.10%)?Ⅲgroup(≤0.15%) by CO2 level. The 822 statistics of various public places were analyzed according to the standard value of hygienic Standard for Public Place. Results The results of the monitoring value of CO and CO2 showed as positive bias distribution. Average of CO was (2.76?1.41)mg/m3, the 95% percentile was 6.2 mg/m3; CO2 average value was (0.060?0.020)%, the 95% percentile was 0.099%. There was no significant difference among CO concentrations in 3 public places classified according to the standard (?2=3.70, P=0.157), but significant difference had been seen among CO2 (?2=35.266, P

Bacterial Pollution of Microphone in Recreational Places of Shenyang / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate bacterial pollution of microphones used in recreational places and restaurants with KTV. Methods 59 microphone meshes used in 9 recreational places and 31 in 8 restaurants with KTV were chosen and tested from Jul to Aug, 2003. Total number of bacteria, coliform group, fungus count, Bacillus pyocyaneus and tubercle bacillus were examined. Assessment was made according to Hygienic standard for hotels (GB 9663-1966): Total number of bacteria

Investigation on Pollution Status of Centralized Air Conditioning-Ventilating Systems in Five-Star Grade Hotels in Beijing / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the actual pollution status of heating-ventilating-air conditioning(HVAC) systems in five-star grade hotels in Beijing. Methods Seven sets of centralized HVAC system from five five-star grade hotels in Beijing were selected for sampling monitoring and videotaping in situ from August 2003 to October 2003. Results There were six sets HVAC systems seriously polluted and one set was in moderately polluted according collected dust weight. The total counts of bacteria in the dust were in medium pollution grade in four sets of HVAC systems; The total quantity of fungus in the dust were in medium pollution grade in five sets of HVAC systems; The video materials showed that inside the air duct there were fungus, construction rubbish and deposit of large quantity of dust. Conclusion The HVAC systems of those five hotels were seriously polluted.

Investigation on Contamination Situation of Centralized Air Condition Systems in Hotels in Shenzhen City / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To know the contamination situation of the centralized air conditioning-ventilating systems in hotels in Shenzhen City, Guangzhou province and to ensure the indoor air quality when the centralized air conditioning-ventilating systems were at working. Methods 22 hotels were selected to determine the total count of bacteria and fungi in internal surface of pipes and air blow, the dust volume of internal surfaces of pipes, inhalable particulate matter(PM10) in air blow, and Legionellae in cooling tower water. Results The eligibility percent of dust volume, the total number of bacteria and fungi in internal surface was 94.76 %, 95.71% and 91.90 % respectively,the eligibility percent of PM10, the total count of bacteria and fungi in air blow was 42.54%, 94.76% and 84.29% respectively, and the detected rate of Legionellae was 57.50%. Conclusion The pollution in some degrees has been observed in the centralized air conditioning-ventilating systems in hotels of Shenzhen City, so it is considered as the important measure to improve indoor air quality and ensure people health to strengthen management of centralized air conditioning-ventilating systems in the usage.