Study on the relationship between medical students' general self-efficacy and sense life meaning / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the current status of students' self-efficacy and sense of life meaning in medical college students, and explore the relationship between them, then give advice to improve the students' general self-efficacy and the sense of life meaning.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 386 undergraduates in a medical college from freshman to senior.The purpose in life test (PIL) revised by He Jiying (1994) and general self efficacy scale (GSES) revised by Wang Caikang (2001) were used in this research.Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software, and the data were analyzed by t test, x2 test, Spearman correlation analysis.Inspection level of alpha=0.01 (double side).Results The score of GSES was (2.62 ± 0.40), and the score of PIL was (74.06 ± 11.09);t test showed that the PIL score of students with higher GSES score was higher than the PIL score of students with lower GSES score (t=5.054, P=0.000);The correlation analysis showed that GSES score was positively correlated with PIL score (r=0.283, P=0.000).Conclusion The general self-efficacy and sense of life meaning of medical college students are in the medium level, and the positive correlation exists between the two.A series of measures should be adopted to strengthen the students' general efficacy, so as to improve their sense of life.

Análisis factorial de una versión española del Purpose-In-Life Test, en función del género y edad / Factor Analysis of the Spanish Version of the Purpose-in-Life Test According to Age and Gender / Análise fatorial da versÃo espanhola do Purpose-In-Life Test, em funçÃo do gênero e idade

Objetivo. Se analizan las características psicométricas de la versión española del Purpose-In-Life Test-10 ítems para la medida del sentido de la vida, así como diferencias en función de género y edad, en un grupo de 180 universitarios españoles (138 mujeres, 42 hombres), con edades entre 18 y 55 años (M = 22.91, DT = 6.71). Método. Los análisis incluyeron: (a) la estimación del ajuste datos - modelo de la escala, mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio; (b) cálculo de estadísticos descriptivos y la prueba de bondad de ajuste de los ítems, del total de la escala y de sus factores; (c) la estimación de la consistencia interna de la escala y los factores; (d) las correlaciones entre ítems, escala y factores; y (e) comparaciones en función del género y la edad. Resultados. La escala mostró un ajuste adecuado y una consistencia interna entre aceptable y alta. Las mujeres puntuaron significativamente más alto en el factor metas y propósitos vitales y el grupo de mediana edad (30-55 años) alcanzó rangos promedio significativamente más altos en la puntuación total y en varios ítems de la escala que el grupo de jóvenes (18-29 años). Discusión. La escala Purpose-In-Life Test-10 ítems es psicométricamente fiable y las diferencias en sentido de la vida asociadas a la edad sugieren hipótesis explicativas de naturaleza cognitivo - motivacionales y evolutivas de naturaleza psicosocial.

Objective. The psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the Purpose-In-Life Test-10 Items to assess the meaning of life, and the differences associated to gender and age, are analyzed, among 180 Spanish university graduates (138 women, 42 men), aged from 18 to 55 years (M = 22.91, SD = 6.71). Method. Statistics included: (a) the data - model fit by means of confirmatory factor analysis; (b) the descriptive statistics of items, scale, and factors; (c) an estimation of the internal consistency of the scale and the factors; (d) the correlations between the items, the scale, and the factors; (e) the comparisons on the basis of gender and age. Results. The scale showed an adequate fit and acceptable-high internal consistency. The women scored higher in the Goals and Purposes in Life factor, and the middle-aged group (30-55) obtained significantly higher ranking in the total score, and in several items on the scale higher than the younger people (18-29). Discussion. The Purpose-In-Life Test-10 Items is reliable, and the differences in the meaning of life age-associated suggest cognitive-motivational and developmental explanatory hypotheses.

Escopo. Foram analisadas as caraterísticas psicométricas da versÃo espanhola do Purpose-In-Life Test- 10 items para a medida do sentido da vida, assim como diferencias em funçÃo de gênero e idade, em um grupo de 180 universitários espanhóis (138 mulheres, 42 homens), com idades entre 18 e 55 anos (M= 22.91, DT= 6.71). Metodologia. Os análises incluíram: a) a estimaçÃo do ajuste de dados - modelo da escada, mediante análise fatorial confirmatório; b) cálculo de estatísticos descritivos e a proba de bondade de ajuste dos itens, do total da escada e dos seus fatores; c) a estimaçÃo da consistência interna da escada e os fatores; d) as correlações entre itens, escada e fatores; e e) comparações em funçÃo do gênero e a idade. Resultados. A escada mostrou um ajuste adequado e uma consistência interna aceitável e alta. As mulheres pontuaram significativamente mais alto no fator Metas e propostos vitais, e o grupo de mediana idade (30-55 anos) alcançou rangos na media significativamente mais altos na pontuaçÃo total e em vários itens da escada que o grupo de jovens (18-29 anos). DiscussÃo. A escada Purpose-In-Life Test 10 items é psicométricamente fiável e as diferencias em sentido da vida associadas à idade sugerem hipóteses explicativas de natureza cognitivo-motivacionais e evolutivas de natureza psicossocial.

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de una versión española del Purpose-ln-Life Test / Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency of a Spanish Version of the Purpose-In-Life Test

El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la estructura factorial y la consistencia interna de la versión española del Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mide el logro de sentido de la vida desde los supuestos de la logoterapia. En el estudio participaron 457 universitarios españoles (320 mujeres, 137 hombres) de 18 a 55 años de edad, Μ = 21.80, DE = 4.56. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y correlaciones entre los ítems y el total de la escala inicial, un análisis factorial exploratorio, la estimación de la consistencia interna de los factores y de la escala obtenida, el análisis factorial confirmatorio de la misma, la prueba t para comparación de medias entre mujeres y hombres y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para el efecto de la edad. Los resultados mostraron una estructura de dos factores correlacionados con aceptable consistencia interna de la escala y de los factores, diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres en la puntuación total y uno de los factores, y no significativas en función de la edad. El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra un adecuado ajuste, apoyando el modelo propuesto.

The main objective of this study was to examine the factorial structure and the internal consistency of a Spanish version of Purpose-In-Life Test, which measures the achievement of meaning in life from logotherapy assumptions. Participated 457 Spanish undergraduates (320 females, 137 males) ages 18 to 55 Μ = 21.8, SD = 4.56. Estatistical analysis included the descriptive statistics and the correlations of initial scale, an exploratory factor analysis, the internal consistency of the scale and the factors resulting from the factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis of resulting scale, and the analysis of the effect due to the gender and the age. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed two correlated factors with acceptable internal consistency, significant differences between women and men in the total score and one of the factors, but not significant depending on the age. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a proper adjustment, supporting the proposed model.

Análisis factorial confirmatorio de los principales modelos propuestos para el Purpose-In-Life Test en una muestra de universitarios españoles / Confirmatory factor analysis of the main models proposed for the Purpose-In-Life Test in a sample of Spanish undergraduates / Análise fatorial confirmatório dos principais modelos propostos para o Purpose-In-Life Test em uma mostra de universitários espanhóis

En los últimos años varios trabajos han analizado la estructura factorial del Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mide el logro de sentido de la vida desde los planteamientos de la logoterapia, con resultados muy heterogéneos. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en poner a prueba distintos modelos propuestos en la literatura anterior, con una muestra de 766 alumnos de dos universidades de la Comunidad Valenciana (España), de los que 220 son hombres y 546 son mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 36 años (M = 21.96; DT = 3.56). Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios de dichos modelos y se compararon los valores de ajuste y las estructuras factoriales obtenidas, encontrando apoyo empírico para tres modelos bifactoriales.

In recent years several papers have examined the structure of the Purpose-In-Life Test, which measures the achievement of meaning in life from the approach of logotherapy, having found heterogeneous results. The aim of this study was to test different models proposed in previous literature with a sample of 766 Spanish undergraduates (220 males, 546 females) from two universities of the Valencia Community (Spain), aged between 18 and 36 (M = 21.96; SD = 3.56). Confirmatory factor analysis of these models was conducted. The adjustment values and the factorial structures obtained were compared, finding empirical support for three bi-factorial models.

Nos últimos anos vários trabalhos analisaram a estrutura fatorial do Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mede o sucesso do sentido da vida desde as propostas da logoterapia, havendo sido obtidos resultados muito heterogêneos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em testar diferentes modelos propostos na literatura anterior, com uma mostra de 766 alunos de duas universidades da Comunidade Valenciana (Espanha), dos quais 220 são homens e 546 são mulheres, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 36 anos (M = 21.96; DT = 3.56). Realizaram-se análises fatoriais confirmatórias desses modelos e foram comparados os valores de ajuste e as estruturas fatoriais obtidas, encontrando apoio empírico para três modelos bifatoriais.

Diferencias asociadas al sexo en las puntuaciones total y factoriales del Purpose-In-Life Test en universitarios españoles / Sex differences on Purpose-In-Life Test total and factorial scores among spanish undergraduates

Se analizan las diferencias en las puntuaciones total y factoriales de la versión española del Purpose-In-Life Test [PIL] (Crumbaugh & Maholic, 1969; Noblejas de la Flor, 1994) asociadas al sexo, en un grupo de 309 estudiantes universitarios (207 mujeres y 102 hombres) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 45 años. El PIL evalúa logro de sentido de la vida vs. vacío existencial. Las mujeres obtienen puntuaciones medias superiores a los hombres, tanto en la puntuación total del PIL como en sus diferentes factores. El análisis estadístico muestra que el sexo da lugar a diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la puntuación total y en los factores Percepción de sentido y Metas y tareas del PIL.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the differences on Purpose-In-Life Test [PIL] (Crumbaugh & Maholic, 1969) total and factorial scores associated to sex, among 309 spanish undergratudates (207 women, 102 men), range 18 to 45 years. PIL Spanish version is used (Noblejas de la Flor, 1994). PIL evalues life meaning achievement vs. existential vacuum. Women achieve higher means on PIL total and factorial scores, and estatistical analysis show that sex is significantly associated to total PIL score and on Purpose perception and Goals and tasks factors scores.

A Research of the Purpose-in-life Test Applied in University Students and Its Reliability and Validity / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To research the usability of the purpose-in-life test (PIL) for Chinese university students and evaluate the test’s reliability and validity. Methods: 1171 University students were measured by PIL, SCL-90 and Index of Well-being, and 140 University students were retested by PIL. Results: PIL had four factors (life feeling, life goal, life attitude and self-control) which were extracted by factor analysis. The split half reliability was 0.786, the Cronbach ?-co-efficient of PIL and the four factors were 0.878, 0.860, 0.809, 0.270, 0.406 respectively. The test-retest reliability were 0.837,0.849,0.630,0.314,0.728. The scores of Index of Well-being, the total scores of SCL-90 and the factor of depression were used as external criterion;the criterion correlation coefficient were 0.769,-0.504,-0.560 respectively. The correlations between the criterion and the four factors were significant (r=-0.240～0.787, P