Caprini model for prevention of venous thromboembolism in coma patients after surgery for severe traumatic brain injury / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the preventive effect of Caprini model on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in coma patients after severe craniocerebral trauma.Methods:A total of 190 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma who received treatment in Lishui City People's Hospital, China between January 2015 and April 2019 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group ( n = 95/group). Patients in the control group underwent the conventional strategy to prevent lower extremity VTE. Patients in the observation group were subjected to individualized strategies to prevent lower extremity VTE based on Caprini model assessment. The drop-out rate and treatment outcome were compared between the control and observation groups. The proportion of patients developing VTE during treatment in Department of Intensive Care Unit and the changes in coagulation indexes relative to before treatment were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in drop-out rate between the control and observation group [10.53% (10/95) vs. 8.42% (8/95), χ2 = 0.245, P < 0.05]. The proportion of patients developing VTE in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [2.30% (2/87) vs. 10.59% (9/85), χ2 = 4.935, P < 0.05]. At 7 days after surgery, the coagulation indices D-dimer, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time in the observation group were (2.27 ± 0.43) mg/L, (281.62 ± 37.29) × 10 9/L, (12.93 ± 2.87) seconds and (34.35 ± 7.19) seconds, respectively, which were (3.31 ± 0.68) mg/L, (303.28 ± 39.96) × 10 9/L, (11.24 ± 2.46) seconds and (31.16 ± 6.82) seconds, respectively in the control group. The coagulation indices in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group ( t = 10.013, 3.070, -3.463, -2.493, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The Caprini model is effective in preventing VTE in patients with coma after surgery for severe traumatic brain injury. It deserves to be clinically applied.

Changes of coagulation and fibrinolysis function and PLT in patients with lung cancer before and after ;chemotherapy / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic function and PLT in patients with lung cancer before and after chemotherapy,and to investigate the changes of the patients with lung cancer and the influence of the changes with lung cancer and the prognosis.Methods 40 patients with lung cancer(observation group)treated in our department from March 2012 to May 2014 were selected as the research subjects.The changes of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity,PT(PTINR),APTT,thrombin time(Fib),thrombin time(D -D),thrombin time (TT),D -D,and PLT were analyzed.The relationship between the parameters and the lung cancer staging was analyzed. Results Before chemotherapy,the levels of Fib,PLT,D -D,PT,PTNR,APTT,TT,PLT were (11.34 ±1.14)s, (1.01 ±0.07),(24.34 ±4.53)s,(2.54 ±0.45)g/L,(184.31 ±10.88)×109 /L,(143.35 ±23.45)ng/mL, (14.55 ±4.56)s.After chemotherapy,the levels of Fib,PLT,D -D,PT,PTNR,APTT,TT,PLT were (11.57 ± 1.36)s,(1.03 ±0.05),(24.52 ±5.32)s,(3.63 ±0.65)g/L,(210.45 ±11.24)×109 /L,(126.56 ±26.55)ng/mL, (14.34 ±4.17)s.The contents of Fib and PLT after chemotherapy were higher than before chemotherapy(t =0.024, 0.025,all P 0.05).Compared with patients with stage Ⅰ ~Ⅱ lung cancer,Fib level in stage Ⅲ ~Ⅳ lung cancer was higher (t =0.01,P 0.05).Conclusion PLT and Fib were increased,but D -D decreased after chemotherapy,the tumor remission rate was higher in D -D group,which indica-ted that the levels of Fib and D -D should be changed in the course of clinical chemotherapy.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ultraviolet B-induced damage and its possible mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To estimate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the production and clearance of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) as well as on the expression of two nucleotide excision repair-associated proteins,xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1),by ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated murine epidermal cells and human HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods Totally,42 BALB/c mice were shaved on the back and divided into four groups: untreated group (n =6),UVB group irradiated with UVB only (n =12),low-dose and high-dose Rb1 group (both n =12) treated with Rb1 of 0.5 g/L and 2g/L (100 μl/cm2) respectively two hours before UVB irradiation.The dose of UVB in the animal experiment was 180 mJ/cm2.Half of the mice in each group were killed at 0.5 and 16 hours respectively after the irradiation,then,the back skin was resected and subjected to the determination of CPD levels in the epidermis by immunohistochemical SP method.Some cultured HaCaT cells were divided into several groups to be treated with different concentrations (5,20,50 mg/L) of Rb1 before or after different doses (15 and 30 mnJ/cm2) of UVB irradiation,and cells were collected at 0.5 and 12 hours after the irradiation.Subsequently,genomic DNA was extracted and CPD was detected by dot blot hybridization.Some HaCaT cells were cultured with or without the presence of Rb1 (50 mg/L) and irradiated with UVB (30 mJ/cm2),then,the cells were collected immediately or at 0.5,2,4 and 12 hours after the irradiation,and total protein was extracted and subjected to immunoblot analysis for the quantification of XPC and ERCC1 proteins.Results There was a high level of CPD in the epidermis of mice at 0.5 hour after the irradiation,with no significant differences between these groups (P ＞ 0.05).The number of CPD-positive cells per high power field (× 400) in the murine epidermis at 16 hours was statistically lower in the low-and high-dose Rb1 group than in the UVB group (32.1 ± 8.5 and 14.6 ± 4.1 vs.67.3 ± 11.2,both P ＜0.01).The CPD level in HaCaT cells was similar between these groups at 0.5 hour after UVB irradiation,but was markedly decreased at 12 hours in Rb1-treated groups.After UVB irradiation,the protein expressions of XPC and ERCC1 decreased with time in untreated HaCaT cells but increased with time in Rb1 (50 mg/L)-treated HaCaT cells.In detail,the XPC/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein ratio in untreated HaCaT cells was 0.68 ± 0.11 immediately after the irradiation,significantly higher than that at 0.5 hour (0.47 ± 0.09,P＜0.05),2 hours (0.45 ± 0.08,P＜0.05),4 hours (0.37 ± 0.06,P＜0.01),and 12 hours (0.18 ± 0.03,P ＜0.01),and that in Rb1-treated HaCaT cells was 0.56 ± 0.07 immediately after the irradiation,compared to 0.48 ± 0.14 at 0.5 hour (P＞ 0.05),0.68 ± 0.15 at 2 hours (P＞ 0.05),0.97 ± 0.20 at 4 hours (P＜0.01),and 0.79 ± 0.12 at 12 hours (P ＜0.05).The ERCC1/GAPDH protein ratio in untreated HaCaT cells was 0.28 ± 0.03 immediately after the irradiation,higher than that at 0.5 hour (0.25 ± 0.03,P ＞ 0.05),2 hours (0.21 ± 0.02,P＜0.05),4 hours (0.14 ± 0.02,P＜0.01) and 12 hours (0.11 ± 0.01,P＜0.01),and that in Rb1-treated HaCaT cells was 0.27 ± 0.04 immediately after the irradiation,compared to 0.24 ± 0.04 at 0.5 hour (P＞ 0.05),0.29 ± 0.05 at 2 hours (P＞ 0.05),0.35 ± 0.05 at 4 hours (P＜0.05),0.39 ± 0.05 at 12 hours (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Ginsenoside Rb1 shows no obvious effect on the UVB-induced production of CPD,but markedly accelerates the clearance of CPD,which may be partly associated with the upregulation of XPC and ERCC1 protein expression.

Interference by baicalin in the formation of photoproduct in epidermal cells from BALB/c mice irradiated with ultroviolet B / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the formation and elimination of photoproduct in epidermal cells from BALB/c mice irradiated with ultroviolet B, and to observe the interference by baicalin in it. Methods BALB/c mice were randomized into 6 groups, I.e., blank control group receiving no exposure or protection, baicalin group receiving protection with baicalin, acetone group receiving acetone pretreatment, UVB group receiving UVB irradiation but no protection, UVB + baicalin group receiving UVB irradiation and protection with baicalin, UVB + acetone group receiving acetone pretreatment and UVB irradiation. Baicalin was applied at 1 mg/cm2 on the back of mice for 3 days in baicalin group and UVB + baicalin group. Twenty hours after the last application, UVB irradiation of 180 mJ/cm2 was given to mice in UVB group and UVB + baicalin group. Skin specimens were obtained from the tested sites at 1, 24, and 48 hours, respectively, after the irradiation. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) was detected in the specimens with immunohistochemical staining and Southwestern dot blotting. Results CPD was observed only in irradiated mice. The relative content of CPD in epidermal cells 1, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation was (100±5.22)%, (75.34±8.22)% and (42.11±3.24)%, respectively, in UVB group, (81.45±5.22)%, (32.14±6.33)% and ( 5.21±3.15 )% respectively, in UVB+baicalin group, ( 106±8.21 )%, (70.23±4.13 )% and (41.22±4.21)%, respectively, in UVB + acetone group. A significant difference was observed in the relative content of CPD between UVB group and UVB + baicalin group at 1, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.01, respectively). Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that topical baicalin application mitigates DNA photo-damage. Baicalin is therefore a promising protective substance against UVB radiation.

Changes of thrombin-antithrombin complex and other variables in acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国基层医药

Objective To measure D-Dimer(DD) ,thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT), lasmin-antiplasrain complex(PAP) and protein C(PC) in ARDS,to find the clinical significance of them,discuss the objective base in the early diagnosis of ARDS in the lab, and offer the serologic bases in the treatment and prognosis of ARDS.Methods 105 patients of ARDS were selected as the study group, and 105 people were selected as the control group, all of whom were healthy with no thrombus diseases. The venous blood of everyone in both groups was sampied,in order to take a quantitative determination of plasma prothrombin time(PT), prothrombin time(TT), kadin partial thromboplastin time(APTT), the amount of blood platelet, DD, TAT, PAP, PC. Results Serum concentratation of D-D, TAT, PAP was significantly higher in patients in ARDS group than that in control group(P＜0.01).Serum concentratation of PC was significantly lower in patients in ARDS group than that in control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Measuring the concentration of DD, TAT, PAP and PC was very important, which not only did good to the early diagnosis of ARDS,but also had a clinic value.

Protective effect of the isoflavone equol against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation to hairless mouse skin

Equol, an isoflavonoid metabolite produced from the dietary isoflavone daidzein by the gut microflora in mammals, has been found to protect not only against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation and photoimmune suppression, but also have antiphotocarcinogenic properties in mice. Because the state of DNA damage has been correlated with suppression of the immune system and photocarcinogenesis, we have therefore examined the potential of equol to offer protection from solar-simulated UV (SSUV) radiation-induced DNA damage in hairless mice by the immunohistochemical approach using monoclonal antibody specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs; H3 antibody). Topical application of 20 micrometer equol lotion, which was applied both before and after SSUV significantly reduced the number of CPDs. This reduction was evident immediately after SSUV exposure, at 1 h after exposure, and at 24 h after exposure, revealing 54%, 50%, and 26% reduction in CPDs, respectively. When the same concentration was applied for 5 consecutive days after SSUV exposure, there was no significant difference in the reduction of CPDs immediately after SSUV irradiation or at 1 hour afterwards, but there were significant reductions of 23% and 42% at 24 and 48 h after SSUV exposure, respectively. Despite apparently reducing the number of CPDs post-SSUV, topically applied equol did not appear to increase the rate of dimer removal. To conclude, equol applied topically prior to SSUV irradiation offers protection against CPD formation in hairless mice, possibly by acting as a suncreen and thus inhibiting DNA photodamage.

The effect of baicalin on the production and removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the production and removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) by HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation, and the effect of baicalin in this process. Methods HaCaT cells were cultured and irradiated with given dosages of UVB, and the production and removal of CPD by HaCaT cells at given time points after UVB irradiation were assessed by immunohistochemical method. In parallel studies, HaCaT cells were preincubated with baicalin, and the effect on CPD was evaluated. Results The damage to HaCaT cells was dependent on the dosage of UVB radiation. After irradiation with 30 mJ/cm2 of UVB, CPD formation peaked at 0.5 h. CPD was removed rapidly from HaCaT cells during the first 4 h; the rate of removal decreased thereafter, and the removal was almost complete by 24 h after the irradiation. The amount of CPD decreased significantly in HaCaT cells that were preincubated with baicalin solution before UVB irradiation than that in those without the preincubation (U = 2.324, P