Tumor filodes de la mama: experiencia en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de 28 casos en Colombia / Phyllodes tumor of the breast: experience in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 28 cases in Colombia

Resumen: OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con tumor filodes que consultaron en dos instituciones de Bogotá, en un periodo de 6 años. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, de serie de casos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y los reportes de patología quirúrgica de pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor filodes que asistieron a la consulta de Mastología del Hospital de San José y Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José entre los meses de enero de 2013 a junio de 2019. Se analizaron los estudios imagenológicos, biopsias preoperatorias, tratamiento quirúrgico, reporte final de Patología y el seguimiento posterior al tratamiento. Toda la información se guardó en una base de datos con las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de interés. RESULTADOS: Se reportaron 15 de 28 casos benignos, 7 de 28 malignos y 6 de 28 fronterizos; la mediana de edad fue de 49.3 años (rango intercuartil: 43.5 -57), la biopsia trucut identificó a 18 de 28 casos con tumor filodes. Los estudios ecográficos se reportaron como BI-RADS 4 en 18 de 28 pacientes. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue cuadrantectomía y mastectomía, según el tamaño de la lesión. No se reportaron muertes. CONCLUSIONES: El tumor filodes es de crecimiento rápido, baja incidencia, frecuente en mujeres entre la quinta y sexta décadas de la vida, aunque se registran casos en edades extremas (15 y 74 años). El síntoma principal es una masa palpable; en estudios de imágenes se manifiesta como lesión sugerente de malignidad (BI-RADS 4). El tratamiento quirúrgico es la base de la conducta terapéutica.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe the experience of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with phyllodes tumor who consulted in two institutions in Bogotá, in a period of 6 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive case series study was carried out, where clinical histories and reports of surgical pathology of patients with a diagnosis of PT who attended a mastology consultation at the San José Hospital and San José University Children's Hospital in January were reviewed. from 2013 to June 2019. Imaging studies, preoperative biopsies, surgical management, final pathology report and post-treatment follow-up were analyzed. A database with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of interest was tabulated. RESULTS: 15 of 28 benign cases, 7 of 28 malignant cases and 6 of 28 borderline cases were reported, the median age was 49.3 years (RIC 43.5 -57), Trucut biopsy identified 18/28 of phyllodes tumor. Ultrasound studies were reported as BIRADS 4 in 18/28. The surgical management was quadrantectomy and mastectomy according to the size of the lesion. No deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Phyllodes tumor is a tumor of rapid growth, low incidence, frequent in the fifth and sixth decade of life, however, cases are recorded at extreme ages (15-74 years). Its main symptom is palpable mass and in imaging studies it manifests itself as suggestive lesions of malignancy (BIRADS 4). Surgical management is considered as the treatment pillar.

Caso Clínico: Enfermedad de Paget del Pezón / Clinical Case Report: Paget's Disease of the Nipple

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Paget del pezón es infrecuente y representa del 1 al 3 % de las neoplasias de mama. Está asociada con un carcinoma invasivo o in situ en el 82 al 94 % de los casos. Se presenta entre los 55 a 64 años de edad. CASO CLÍNICO: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 58 años con zona de descamación de 1 cm2 indolora en pezón derecho y tumor de 4 cm2 en mama izquierda, ecografía y mamografía BI-RADS III. Biopsia incisional de pezón derecho que reportó enfermedad de Paget, con ampliación de márgenes. Se completó estudios de extensión con resonancia magnética que reportó lesión retro-areolar sospechosa en mama derecha y lesión nodular maligna en mama izquierda. EVOLUCIÓN: Se realizó cuadrantectomía central más neo-pezón en mama derecha, y en mama izquierda cuadrantectomía superoexterna con vaciamiento ganglionar axilar bilateral, el reporte de patología fue mama derecha negativa para malignidad, mama izquierda hiperplasia intraductal atípica con focos de carcinoma intraductal. Se administró 25 sesiones radioterapia, tras un año de seguimiento se mantiene sin recurrencia. CONCLUSIÓN: La enfermedad de Paget es poco frecuente, pero debe considerarse como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes sobre los 55 años, su tratamiento estandarizado es quirúrgico, la adyuvancia con radioterapia aún es motivo de discusión. El autoexamen de mama, el acudir a controles periódicos a partir de los 40 años además de realizar una ecografía y mamografía nos lleva a diagnósticos tempranos con un elevado porcentaje de cirugías más conservadoras.(au)

BACKGROUND: Paget's disease of the nipple is uncommon and represents 1 to 3% of breast malignancies. It is associated with invasive or in situ carcinoma in 82 to 94% of cases. It occurs between 55 to 64 years old. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 58 year old woman with a painless 1cm2 scaling skin lesion in the right nipple and a 4cm2 tumor in the left breast, ultrasound and mammograghy classified as BIRADS III. Incisional biopsy of the right nipple that reported Paget's¬ disease, with extension of surgical margins of resection. MRI extension studies were made; they reported suspicious retroaereolar lesion in the right breast and malignant nodular lesion in the left breast. EVOLUTION: We performed central quadrantectomy with nipple reconstruction in the right breast, and superoexternal quadrantectomy in the left breast, with bilateral axillary lymph node dissection, the pathology report was negative for malignancy in the right breast, in the left breast atypical intraductal hiperplasia with foci of intraductal carcinoma. The patient received 25 radiotherapy sessions. After one year of follow-up there is no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Paget's disease is rare, but should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients over 55 years, its standardized treatment is surgery, adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy is still a matter of discussion. Breast self-exam, regular checkups in people over 40 years old, ultrasound and mammogram lead to early diagnosis with a higher percentage of conservative surgeries.(au)

Quality of life in Chinese women treated surgically for breast cancer with one of three different procedures / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To determine the quality of life of patients treated with one of three different types of surgery for breast cancer.Methods This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey completed by Chinese patients without active disease after at least 2 years of follow-up after breast cancer surgery.Results This study totally included 139 breast cancer patients:44 ( 31.6%) had undergone modified radical mastectomy with reconstruction, 41(29.5%)had a quadrantectomy with axillary lymph node dissection, and 54(38.9%)had a modified radical mastectomy without reconstruction.The EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23 question-naires were used;their reliability was>0.82.Global health status(94.30 ±12.04, P=0.028)and role functio-ning(85.16 ±17.23, P=0.138)were highest in the quadrantectomy group.Pain score was highest in the modi-fied radical mastectomy with reconstruction group(26.13 ±30.15, P =0.042).The breast symptom score (22.56 ±22.30, P=0.009)and body image perception(85.56 ±19.72, P=0.025)were highest in the conser-vative treatment group.The overall health of patients given modified radical mastectomy without reconstruction was lower(72.61 ±20.89, P=0.014) in women older than 50 years compared with younger women.Conclu-sions The quadrantectomy with axillary lymph node dissection procedure had better acceptance, but the overall health status did not differ between groups.Overall health status is lower in women older than 50 years receiving a modified radical mastectomy without reconstruction.

Impacto del margen en el control locoregional en cirugía conservadora en cáncer de mama invasor en etapas tempranas / Margin impat on local control with conservtive surgery for invasive breasst cancer in early staees

Hay intentos de no seguir realizando mutilaciones y se comienza a preconizar el concepto de enfermedad sistémica en cáncer de mama, por ello Mustakalio, en Finlandia y Baclesse, en Francia, son los pioneros en realizar tratamientos no mutilantes del cáncer de mama. El Objetivo de este estudio es el analizar si el margen ideal es de más o menos de 10 mm para un buen tratamiento locorregional en cáncer de mama invasor en etapas tempranas. Estudio retrospectivo, analítico y descriptivo de 194 pacientes , tratados desde el 2005 hasta el 2010 , de los cuales se toman como factores pronóstico de importancia para recurrencia locorregional, a la etapa patológica, edad, grado histológico, receptores estrogenicos y progestágenos positivos y negativos y adyuvancia con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia, numero de ganglios positivos, se comparara los márgenes en 3 grupos , uno de ellos con 1-2 márgenes menores de 10 mm ; segundo grupo con 3-5 márgenes menores de 10 mm comparados con un tercer grupo que tenían márgenes mayores a 10 mm. Se encontró 12 recurrencias locorregionales un 6.38% siendo las recurrencias en los dos primeros grupos señalados. Conclusión: Concluimos que el margen adecuado para tener un éxito en el manejo conservador de cáncer de mama invasor en etapas tempranas es de mas de 10 mm. que estéticamente muchas veces pueden ser difíciles de lograrlo, para tal efecto se tendrá que evaluar antes de la cirugía, tomando como referencian la relación tumor con mama, que no debe pasar más del 25 % del volumen de la mama ; por otra parte en mujeres post menopaúsica la recurrencia locorregional probablemente no sea tan frecuente puesto que a esta edad la diseminación por los conductos ductales es pobre, perse a la falta de estimulo del estrógeno a la mama.

There are attempts to not continue maiming and begins to advocate the concept of systemic disease in breast cancer, why Mustakalio, Baclesse in Finland and in France, are the pioneers in performing treatments not maiming of breast cancer. The objective of this study is to analyze if the margin is ideal for more than 10 mm or less for a good locoregional treatment in invasive breast cancer in its early stages. Retrospective, analytical study of 194 cases treated from 2005 until 2010, of which they take like factors importance prognosis for recurrence locorregional, to the pathological stage, age, histological grade, recipients estrogenicos and progestágenos positive and negative and adyuvancia with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, I number of positive ganglions, the margins will be compared in 3 groups, one of them with 1-2 less 10 mm margins; the second group with 3-5 less margins of 10 mm compared with a third group that had margins bigger than 10 mm. 6.38 % found 12 recurrencias locorregionales being the recurrencias in the first two special groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the margin adapted to be successful in the conservative handling of invading breast cancer in early stages is of more than 10 mm. that esthetically often can be difficult to achieve it, for such an effect it will be necessary to evaluate before the surgery, taking as they index the relation tumor with breast, which must not to spend(pass) any more than 25 % of the volume of the breast; on the other hand in women post menopausica the recurrence locorregional probably is not so frequent position that at this age the dissemination for the conduits ductales is poor, perse to the absence ofstimulus of the estrogen to the breast.

Un análisis de largo plazo del comportamiento de la cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama / A long-term analysis of the conservative surgery behavior in breast cancer

Introducción: en los últimos años la cirugía conservadora se ha consolidado como un procedimiento válido en el tratamiento de un determinado grupo de pacientes con cáncer de mama, pues permite conseguir un control local satisfactorio con una menor mutilación, sin modificar la supervivencia ni el índice de metástasis a distancia. Objetivo: determinar los resultados de la cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama según variables seleccionadas en el período 1991-2009. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retropestivo longitudinal a mujeres diagnosticadas y tratadas de cáncer de mama a las que se les realizo cirugía conservadora (n=77), que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. El análisis descriptivo de los datos se realizó mediante distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. La estimación de las curvas de supervivencia global y libre de recidivas se realizó mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: el grupo de edad 40 a 59 años fue el predominante para 67,6 por ciento. Solo el 10,4 por ciento de las pacientes tuvieron antecedentes de primera línea positivos de cáncer de mama. La etapa clínica IIA predominó con un 54,5 por ciento, y el tipo histológico más frecuente, el carcinoma ductal infiltrante para un 84,4 por ciento. La supervivencia global para nuestras pacientes fue de un 95 por ciento a los 5 años, el intervalo libre de recidiva fue de un 87,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados no difieren de los encontrados en los estudios a nivel mundial

Introduction: In past years the conservative surgery became consolidated as a valid procedure in treatment of a determined group of breast cancer patients, thus allows to achieve a satisfactory local control with a lesser level of mutilation, neither modifying the survival nor distant metastasis index from a distance. Objective: To determine the results of conservative surgery of breast cancer according to the variables selected during 1991-2009. Methods: a longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted in women diagnosed and treated due to breast cancer who underwent conservative surgery (n=77), fulfilling the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data descriptive analysis was performed by absolute and relative frequency distribution. The estimation of global survival curves and free of relapse was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The 40 to 59 age group was the predominant one for a 67.6 percent. Only the 10.4 percent of patients had first line positive backgrounds of breast cancer. The IIA clinical stage predominates with a 54.5 percent and the more frequent histological type, the infiltrating ductal carcinoma for a 84,4 percent. The 5-years global survival for our patients was of 95 percent and the interval free relapse was of 87.5 percent. Conclusions: Our results not differ from those found in studies at world level

Immediate Volume Replacement with Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap after Quadrantectomy for Patients with Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is now widely accepted as the treatment of choice in early breast cancer. The extent of local excision has been controversial, owing to the risk of local recurrence and cosmesis. To improve breast cosmetic appearance following quadrantectomy for breast cancer, we propose a surgical technique of volume replacement with latissimus dorsi muscle (LD) flap. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients underwent the immediate reconstruction of the defect with a LD flap after quadrantectomy for breast cancer between January 1999 and December 2000 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. All patients had postoperative radiotherapy to the residual breast and, where appropriate, to the axilla. The mean tumor size was 2.38 cm (0.5 to 5.5 cm). And the mean age of patient was 39.2 years (18 to 69 years). Cosmetic outcome was evaluated by means of panel assessment and breast retraction assessment. Fivepanel scales were E0 to E4. BRA values were calculated by simple vector geometry employing the Pythagorean theorem. RESULTS: 23 cases were scored as E0 (excellent, 82.1%), 4 case as E1 (good) and 1 case as E2 (moderate) cosmetic results. BRA values for the patients ranged 0.5 to 3.5 cm with a mean of 1.2 cm and for a group of 30 control women values ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 cm with mean value of 0.9 cm. When panel scores and BRA values were compared, 23 cases of excellent (E0) scoring had under the 3.5 cm of BRA value. No one of cases had over 3.5 cm of BRA value. 23 cases of excellent (E0) scoring old had satisfactory cosmetic results by panel scoring and BRA value. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the surgical technique of volume replacement with LD flap is useful for preventing breast deformity after quadrantectomy for breast cancer.

Recurrence Following Breast Conserving Therapy / 한국유방암학회지

BACKGROUNDS: BCT (breast conserving therapy) is now accepted as one of the standard therapeutic options for stage I, II breast cancers. However, especially in Korean breast cancer patients, many questions still remain to be answered in terms of the optimal indication, the extent of resection and the frequency and proper management of recurrence due to the lack of studies involving large numbers of patients. The aims of this study were to examine the pattern and the frequency of recurrence following BCT and to identify the risk factors of local recurrence and systemic relapse. In addition, the outcomes for the patients treated with a quadrantectomy and with a lumpectomy were compared with particular emphasis on the rate of local recurrence. METHODS: The medical records of 386 patients who underwent a BCT at Korea Cancer Center Hospital during the period from January 1986 to December 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among the 386 patients, 269 (69.7%) patients underwent a quadrantectomy and 117 (30.3%) patients underwent a lumpectomy with microscopic confirmation of margin status. Level I, II axillary dissection and whole breast irradiation, including electron beam boost to tumor site, were performed routinely. The axillar and supraclavicular areas were included in the irradiation field when 4 or more positive nodes were found. Systemic treatment (CMF or CAF?tamoxifen) was done depending on the pathological stage and the hormone receptor status of the disease. During the period of follow up (median 66 months), 9 cases (2.3%) of local recurrence and 18 cases (4.7%) of systemic relapse were identified in 24 (6.2%) patients. Between the quadrantectomy and the lumpectomy groups, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of local recurrence (p=0.179) and systemic relapse (p=0.266). Young age (2cm) (p=0.03) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.003) were risk factors of systemic relapse. CONCLUSION: The rates of local recurrence were very low in both the quadrantectomy and the lumpectomy group compared with those in a Western series. These results show that a quadrantectomy or a lumpectomy with confirmation of margin status by radiation therapy can provide excellent results in terms of local control and survival in Korean breast cancer patients.

Recurrence Following Breast Conserving Therapy

BACKGROUND: BCT (breast conserving therapy) is now accepted as one of the standard therapeutic options for stage I, II breast cancers. However, especially in Korean breast cancer patients, many questions still remain to be answered in terms of the optimal indication, the extent of resection and the frequency and proper management of recurrence due to the lack of studies involving large numbers of patients. The aims of this study were to examine the pattern and the frequency of recurrence following BCT and to identify the risk factors of local recurrence and systemic relapse. In addition, the outcomes for the patients treated with a quadrantectomy and with a lumpectomy were compared with particular emphasis on the rate of local recurrence. METHODS: The medical records of 386 patients who underwent a BCT at Korea Cancer Center Hospital during the period from January 1986 to December 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among the 386 patients, 269 (69.7%) patients underwent a quadrantectomy and 117 (30.3%) patients underwent a lumpectomy with microscopic confirmation of margin status. Level I, II axillary dissection and whole breast irradiation, including electron beam boost to tumor site, were performed routinely. The axillar and supraclavicular areas were included in the irradiation field when 4 or more positive nodes were found. Systemic treatment (CMF or CAF tamoxifen) was done depending on the pathological stage and the hormone receptor status of the disease. During the period of follow up (median 66 months), 9 cases (2.3%) of local recurrence and 18 cases (4.7%) of systemic relapse were identified in 24 (6.2%) patients. Between the quadrantectomy and the lumpectomy groups, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of local recurrence (p=0.179) and systemic relapse (p=0.266). Young age (2 cm) (p=0.03) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.003) were risk factors of systemic relapse. CONCLUSION: The rates of local recurrence were very low in both the quadrantectomy and the lumpectomy group compared with those in a Western series. These results show that a quadrantectomy or a lumpectomy with confirmation of margin status followed by radiation therapy can provide excellent results in terms of local control and survival in Korean breast cancer patients.

A Modified Quadrantectomy Through Circumareolar Incision for Patients with Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

Bast conservation therapy has become an accepted method of primary treatment for the early stage breast cancer. The extent of local excision and skin incision has been in controversy, owing to the risk of local recurrence and cosmesis. To improve breast cometic apperance following quadrantectomy for breast cancer, authors propose a novel surgical technique that is carried out local excision through circumareolar skin incision, remodeling of breast ot replace the volum loss. Level I&II axillary dissection were performed and radiotherapy were followed. Twenty-one patients underwent the novel method for breast conserving surgery from September 1995 to October 1998 in the department of surgery at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated by means of panel assessment and breast retraction assessment (BRA). The mean age of patient was 43.3 years(30 to 67 years). The distribution of the 22 tumors were located in the right of 11, left of 9 and both breast of 1. The mean fumor size was 1.7 cm(0.5 to 2.8cm). The type of histology was 5 of ductal carcinoma in situ, 13 infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 2 of tubular carcinoma and 1 medullary carcinoma. Five of 22 patients had metastases in the axillary nodes. The cosmetic evaluation was performed by the 3 panelist who scored it a 5-panel scale (E0 to E4). Eighteen cases were scored as E0 (excellent, 81.8%), 1 case as E1 (good), 1 case as E2 (moderate) and 2 cases as E3 (bad) cosmetic results. BRA values were calculated by simple vector geometry employing the Pythagorean theorem, BRA values for the patients ranged 0.5 to 4.4 cm with a mean of 1.6 cm and for a group of 30 control women values ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 cm with mean value of 0.9 cm. When panel scores and BRA values were compared, 18 cases of excellent (E0) scoring had under the 3.5 cm of BRA value. One of two cases with bed (E3) score had over 3.5 cm of BRA vale. Eighteen cases who were less than 60 years old had satisfactory cosmetic results by panel scoring and BRA value. Twenty one cases who underwent a novel method for breast conserving therapy were considered as excellent and fair cosmetic results. It is concluded that the remodeling of breast following modified quadrantectomy through circumareolar skin incision is useful for preventing breast deformity.