A survey and analysis of hospital staff and patients′ awareness about anesthesiologists′ work / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To investigate and analyze the hospital staff and patients, awareness about anesthesiologists′ work.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among the hospital staff in the non-anesthesiology departments and non-operating room and the patients undergoing elective surgery at the same time in tertiary hospitals.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the level of awareness of the respondents.Results:Sixty point three percent of the respondents had a low level of awareness about the anesthesiologists′ work.Compared with the patients, the physicians ( OR=2.866, 95%CI: 1.405-5.848) had higher level of awareness.There was no significant difference in the levels of awareness among the nurses ( OR=1.633, 95%CI: 0.815-3.273), medical technicians ( OR=1.359, 95%CI: 0.630-2.935), administrative staff ( OR=1.470, 95%CI: 0.651-3.317) and the patients.The respondents, aged 36-50 yr ( OR=1.848, 95%CI: 1.224-2.792), with master′s degree ( OR=2.068, 95%CI: 1.090-3.925) and bachelor′ s degree ( OR=3.624, 95%CI: 1.701-7.723), had higher level of awareness, and the respondents without history of anesthesia and surgery ( OR=0.574, 95%CI: 0.380-0.867) and without medicine-related education background ( OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.145-0.865) had lower level of awareness. Conclusion:There is insufficient awareness about anesthesiologists′ work among hospital staff and patients.Hospital staff are generally better than patients in terms of the level of awareness, but there are differences among different job categories.There is no significant difference in the level of awareness among nurses, medical technicians, administrative staff and patients.The respondents who are middle-aged, with higher education level, with history of anesthesia and surgery and with medicine-related education background, have higher level of awareness.

Efficacy evaluation of China trauma care training program / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To understand the current situation of trauma treatment and evaluate the training effect and influencing factors of "China Trauma Care Training(CTCT)" by investigating the trainees who participated in the course.Methods A total of 1660 trainees who participated in CTCT training from May 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the subjects of this study.Through questionnaires,the general information(gender,occupation,professional title,discipline source,length of time engaged in trauma treatment),the situation of trauma treatment in their hospitals(hospital level,trauma treatment mode,number of severe trauma cases each year),the recommended model of trauma treatment,learning methods of trauma treatment knowledge,and the trauma training interval were obtained.The trainees took tests before and after the training,and the test results were used to evaluate the training effect and analyze the influencing factors.Results(1)There were 1 230 males(74.10％),1 356 physicians(81.93％),1 247 with intermediate title or lower levels(75.12％),756 from emergency department/emergency surgery(45.54％),and 899 who were engaged in trauma treatment for more than five years(54.16％).(2)There were 1 068 trainees from tertiary hospitals(64.34％).The main mode of severe trauma treatment in hospitals was "emergency+consultation+triage"(1 198 trainees,72.17％).A total of 1014 trainees treated less than 200 severe trauma patients each Year(61.08％).A total of 1210 trainees recommended emergency/emergency surgery(72.89％)and 350 trainees recommended trauma surgery/trauma hospital(21.08％)as the main mode of treatment.(3)There were various approaches to acquire trauma treatment knowledge,including 1 029 person-times(61.99％)through department internal guidelines,924 person-times(55.66％)through case discussion,879 person-times(52.95％)through self-teaching,767 person-times(46.20％)through lectures,382 person-times(23.01％)through trauma courses and 285 person-times through further studies at home and abroad(17.17％).A total of 951 trainees recommended 1-2 years as the training interval(57.3％).(4)The average test score before training was(67.5±14.5)points,which were influenced by the hospital level,discipline source,title of trainees,length of time engaged in trauma treatment,and amount of severe trauma cases each year in their hospitals.The hospitallevel and discipline source were the main effect factors.(5)The average test score after training was(83.8±11.6)points,which was significantly higher than that before training(P＜0.01),and the scores of trainees in different subgroups were all improved.The main factors influencing the test score included hospital level,number of severe trauma cases each year,discipline source,professional title,number of severe trauma cases each year treated in the hospital.The major effect factor was the amount of severe trauma cases each year.Conclusions The main mode of trauma treatment in hospitals involved in this study is "multi-disciplinary consultation+decentralized treatment".Few trainees have received systematic trauma treatment training,and their trauma treatment knowledge level and the test scores before training is influenced by hospital level,the case number of severe trauma treatment,discipline source,and trainees' qualifications.Mter the standardized and standardized trauma treatment training course "CTCT",the scores of students from different backgrounds have been significantly improved,and the gap between students has been significantly narrowed.

Efficacy evaluation of China trauma care training program / 中华创伤杂志

Objective@#To understand the current situation of trauma treatment and evaluate the training effect and influencing factors of "China Trauma Care Training (CTCT)" by investigating the trainees who participated in the course.@*Methods@#A total of 1660 trainees who participated in CTCT training from May 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the subjects of this study. Through questionnaires, the general information (gender, occupation, professional title, discipline source, length of time engaged in trauma treatment), the situation of trauma treatment in their hospitals (hospital level, trauma treatment mode, number of severe trauma cases each year), the recommended model of trauma treatment, learning methods of trauma treatment knowledge, and the trauma training interval were obtained. The trainees took tests before and after the training, and the test results were used to evaluate the training effect and analyze the influencing factors.@*Results@#(1) There were 1 230 males (74.10%), 1 356 physicians (81.93%), 1 247 with intermediate title or lower levels (75.12%), 756 from emergency department/emergency surgery (45.54%), and 899 who were engaged in trauma treatment for more than five years (54.16%). (2) There were 1 068 trainees from tertiary hospitals (64.34%). The main mode of severe trauma treatment in hospitals was "emergency+ consultation+ triage" (1 198 trainees, 72.17%). A total of 1014 trainees treated less than 200 severe trauma patients each year (61.08%). A total of 1210 trainees recommended emergency/emergency surgery (72.89%) and 350 trainees recommended trauma surgery/trauma hospital (21.08%) as the main mode of treatment. (3) There were various approaches to acquire trauma treatment knowledge, including 1 029 person-times (61.99%) through department internal guidelines, 924 person-times (55.66%) through case discussion, 879 person-times (52.95%) through self-teaching, 767 person-times (46.20%) through lectures, 382 person-times (23.01%) through trauma courses and 285 person-times through further studies at home and abroad (17.17%). A total of 951 trainees recommended 1-2 years as the training interval (57.3%). (4) The average test score before training was (67.5±14.5)points, which were influenced by the hospital level, discipline source, title of trainees, length of time engaged in trauma treatment, and amount of severe trauma cases each year in their hospitals. The hospital level and discipline source were the main effect factors. (5) The average test score after training was (83.8±11.6)points, which was significantly higher than that before training (P<0.01), and the scores of trainees in different subgroups were all improved. The main factors influencing the test score included hospital level, number of severe trauma cases each year, discipline source, professional title, number of severe trauma cases each year treated in the hospital. The major effect factor was the amount of severe trauma cases each year.@*Conclusions@#The main mode of trauma treatment in hospitals involved in this study is "multi-disciplinary consultation+ decentralized treatment" . Few trainees have received systematic trauma treatment training, and their trauma treatment knowledge level and the test scores before training is influenced by hospital level, the case number of severe trauma treatment, discipline source, and trainees’qualifications. After the standardized and standardized trauma treatment training course "CTCT" , the scores of students from different backgrounds have been significantly improved, and the gap between students has been significantly narrowed.

A survey of anesthesia residents' proficiency in epidural puncture and training needs in China / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the anesthesia residents' proficiency in the epidural puncture and training needs using questionnaire survey in China.Methods A questionnaire designed by ourselves was sent to anesthesia residents via the WeChat platform within 1 month.The data were recorded by the system automatically.Results A total of 795 anesthesia residents involved in the investigation,and the number of valid questionnaires was 753 (94.7％).There were 233 (30.9％) junior residents (0-2 yr of training),279 (37.1％) semi-senior residents (3-5 yr of training),and 241 (32.0％) senior residents (＞5yr of training).Compared with junior group,the difficulty score for epidural puncture was significantly decreased,and the confidence scores for performing normal middle lumbar,difficult lumbar,lateral lumbar and thoracic epidural puncture were increased in semi-senior and senior groups (P＜0.05).Compared with semi-senior group,the difficulty score for epidural puncture was significantly decreased,and the confidence scores for performing normal middle lumbar,difficult lumbar,lateral lumbar and thoracic epidural puncture were increased in senior group (P＜0.05).The self-evaluated difficulty of epidural puncture was lower as the number of prior epidural cases was more (r=-0.719,P＜0.01).There were 46.6％ of the residents who had received simulation-based training before performing epidural puncture on the patient,among which most residents considered the simulation-based training is effective in helping to familiarize with procedure (77.2％),familiarize with anatomy (70.4％),simulate the texture of different layers (47.9％),and enhance success rate of epidural puncture (56.7％).There were 75.0％ residents who considered visualization technology is helpful in enhancing the success rate and confidence of epidural puncture.Conclusion Currently,the proficiency of junior anesthesia residents in epidural puncture needs to be strengthened.The simulation-based training has not been widely applied in the epidural training,while residents think high of simulation-based training and are looking forward to visualization technique training.

Investigation of first aid knowledge among non-medical naval students / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the status quo of first aid knowledge of students from non-medical naval academies, so as to provide references for designing first aid training program for them. Methods: Using convenience sampling, we investigated 342 students from 4 non-medical naval universities using anonymous questionnaire from Sep. 2017 to Dec. 2017. Results: A total of 342 questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 100%. And there were 327 questionnaires were valid, with a valid rate of 95.61%. The median first aid knowledge score was 9 (7, 10) for the participants when the total score was 18. The median scores of first aid skills (total 5), treatment of common emergencies and traumas (total 6), and management of environmental emergencies (total 7) were 2 (2, 3), 3 (2, 4) and 3 (3, 4), respectively. There was a significant difference in the mastery of first aid knowledge among students from different non-medical academies (P0.05). Totally 83.79% (274/327) of the respondents thought it was necessary to learn first aid knowledge, and 90.21% (295/327) hoped to learn first aid knowledge through face-to-face teaching. Conclusion: The first aid knowledge among non-medical naval students is poor, and there is a lack of effective education and a long-term training mechanism needs to be established.

Application of the video of head-eye movement training in vestibular rehabilitation / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the video of head-eye movement training in vestibular rehabilitation.METHODS 37 patients aged between 30 and 76 years old with vestibular dysfunction underwent two weeks of rehabilitation with the video of head-eye movement training. The results of dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), dizziness analogue scale, and the Romberg static balance tests were recorded before and after the rehabilitation.RESULTS After the rehabilitation, there was significant decrease in the scores of DHI and dizziness analog scale(allP>0.001), and there was significant improvement in the time of Romberg static balance tests(P>0.001).CONCLUSION The video of head-eye movement training is an effective method in vestibular rehabilitation.

Compound effects of inhaling pure oxygen and lifting height on ear baric function in a hypobaric chamber / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To compare the ear baric function between 4000m altitude chamber test with inhaling air and 6900m altitude chamber test with inhaling pure oxygen.Methods Eleven healthy male volunteers attended two tests as two groups by self-comparison. As the air group the volunteers inhaled air at 4000m, while as the pure oxygen group they inhaled pure oxygen at 6900m altitude, and the time interval between the two tests was more than two weeks. During the test, the volunteers breathed air or pure oxygen at random for 1h, and then were exposed at a speed of 20m/s to the target altitude for 5min. Hereafter they were sent back to the ground at the same speed. The changes of subjective symptoms, degree of tympanic congestion, acoustic immitance index and pure-tone auditory threshold were recorded before and after the test. The acoustic impedance index and pure-tone threshold were statistically analyzed.ResultsFour volunteers (4 ears) in air group and 7 volunteers (7 ears) in pure oxygen group reported ear pain in altitude chamber exposures, respectively. The pain-triggering altitude was higher in the pure oxygen group. Immediately after tests, there were 3 (3 ears) and 5 volunteers (5 ears) with Ⅲ degree congestion of the tympanic membrane in the two groups respectively. Four volunteers (6 ears) developed gradually aggravated hemorrhages after altitude exposure. And the tympanic membrane congestion difference between groups was statistically significant at 3 and 24h after tests (P<0.01). The type A tympanogram appeared in 11 (15 ears) and 11 (14 ears) volunteers respectively immediately after tests. The increase of static compliance value was significantly greater in pure oxygen group than in air group immediately after tests (P<0.05), the decrease of middle ear pressure was more significant in pure oxygen group than in air group at 3 and 24h after tests (P<0.05). Both the two altitude exposure tests resulted in eustachian tube dysfunction. At 3 and 24h after the tests, the increase of individual frequency pure-tone threshold was significantly higher in pure oxygen group than in air group (P<0.05).Conclusion Breathing pure oxygen and lifting height could increase the screening degree of ear baric function test in hypobaric chamber, and have greater influence on degree of tympanic congestion, acoustic immittance and pure-tone auditory threshold in 24 hours.

Brazilian-Portuguese translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Myasthenia Gravis Composite scale. A multicentric study / Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação da escala composta de Miastenia Grave para a lingua portuguesa do Brasil. Estudo multicêntrico

ABSTRACT Objective To perform the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) scale in Brazil. Methods The study was conducted at three neuromuscular disease research centers in accordance with the international ethical standards, following a multi-modal approach and was conducted in three steps consisting of translation, cultural adaptation, and validation according to international guidelines. The final version of the MGC was applied in a sample of 27 MG patients and the total score was compared to a Portuguese version of the MG-QOL-15. Results The internal consistency verified by Cohen’s Kappa test was excellent (0.766). The correlation between the MGC and MG-QOL-15 was strong (R = 0.777; p = 0.000). No significant differences were found between the responses of patients in the first and second applications of the MGC. Conclusion The MGC scale, validated into Brazilian Portuguese, has proven to be a reliable instrument that is easy to use, and is highly reproducible.

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a tradução e a adaptação transcultural da escala composta de Miastenia Grave (ECMG) Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) no Brasil. Métodos O estudo foi realizado em três centros de investigação em doenças neuromusculares, de acordo com as normas éticas internacionais, consistindo em tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de acordo com as diretrizes internacionais. A versão final do MGC ECMG foi aplicada em vinte e sete pacientes com MG e a pontuação total foi comparada ao questionário MG-QOL 15. Resultados A consistência interna verificada pelo teste Kappa de Cohen foi excelente (0,766) e a correlação entre o a ECMG MGC e MG-QOL 15 foi positiva (R = 0,777; p = 0,000). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as respostas dos pacientes na primeira e segunda aplicação da MGC. Conclusão A ECMG escala MGC validada para o Português do Brasil provou ser um instrumento confiável, de fácil aplicação e altamente reprodutível.

Investigation and analysis for impact factors of distress in patients with first diag-nosed lung can-cer / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To study the impact factors of psychological distress in patients with first diag-nosed lung cancer.Methods:The cross-sectional study was applied to newly diagnosed lung cancer pa-tients who received treatments in Cancer Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Chengdu from June 201 3 to March 201 5 by distributed questionnaires.The general information of the patients,the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)and distress management screening measure (DMSM) were included in the questionnaire to evaluate the states of distress,pain and the factors related to the distress of the patients.Results:The survey investigated a total of 390 patients with first diagnosed lung cancer,including 291 male patients and 99 female patients.The proportion of the patients with positive anxiety symptom was 26.7% (1 04 /390),with positive depression symptom was 27.7% (1 08 /390), and with positive distress symptom was 30.0% (1 1 7 /390).On the top five problem list of DMSMwere worry,disease treatment,breathing,pain and sleep.The Spearman correlation analysis showed that an-xiety score,depression score,and the pain intensity were positively correlated with the distress.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender (β=-0.209,P =0.003),age (β=-0.098,P =0.042),chronic disease (β=0.378,P <0.001 ),and pain score (β=0.1 00,P =0.029)could affect the distress of the patients.Smoking (β=0.1 1 1 ,P =0.041 )could affect the anxiety of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients.Conclusion:The gender,age,chronic disease and pain score of the patients are the independent factors of the psychological distress of first diagnosed lung cancer patients.Smoking is the predictive factors of the patients with anxiety.Controlling the pain intensity and the clinical process of chronic disease of the patients actively,solving the sleep and breathing problem and helping the patients to quit smoking progressively could alleviate the psychological distress of the patients.

Análise de Rasch aplicada a questionário sobre consumode tabaco em escolares adolescentes / Rasch analysis applied to a questionnaire on tobacco use amongadolescent students

Objetivos: Realizar a análise psicométrica de um questionário de exposição ao tabaco em escolares, por meio da análise de Rasch.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com estudantes entre 12 e 15 anos, na cidade de Uruguaiana, estado do Rio Grande doSul. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante amostra randomizada e as informações foram obtidas por meio de questionário composto de 14questões, adaptado de uma versão do questionário ?Inquérito de Tabagismo em Escolares? (VIGESCOLA). A análise de dados foi realizadamediante a análise psicométrica pelo método de Rasch, um modelo matemático que busca analisar a probabilidade de acerto de determinadoitem, dependendo apenas da habilidade do sujeito e dificuldade do item.Resultados: O estudo incluiu 956 escolares, os quais apresentaram média de exposição ao tabaco de 5,3 (± 2,2) logits, erro de 0,70 logits,dimensionalidade interna de 0,99 (± 0,39) logits e dimensionalidade externa de 1,03 (± 0,81) logits. Com relação aos itens do questionário, osmesmos apresentaram média de 0,00 logits (± 1,38), erro de 0,09 logits, dimensionalidade interna de 0,99 (± 0,12) logits, dimensionalidadeexterna de 1,03 (± 0,30) logits, índice de separação dos itens de 15,62 logits e confiabilidade de 51%.Conclusões: O uso do método de Rasch possibilitou verificar a exposição de cada participante às diferentes condições de exposição ao tabaco,assim como demonstrou que o questionário que avalia a exposição ao tabaco deve tratar cada questão com pesos diferentes.

Aims: To perform the psychometric analysis of a questionnaire on tobacco exposure in schoolers, through Rasch analysis.Methods: A cross-sectional study with students between 12 and 15 years was held in the city of Uruguaiana, State of Rio Grande do Sul.Data collection was performed by random sample and the information was obtained by a questionnaire composed of 14 questions adaptedfrom a version in Portuguese of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using psychometricanalysis by the Rasch method, a mathematical model that seeks to analyze the probability of a particular item adjustment, depending only onthe subject?s ability and the item difficulty.Results: The study consisted of 956 students, which had a mean tobacco exposure of 5.3 (± 2.2) logits, average -0.66 (± 0.99) logits,0.70 logits error, dimensionality internal 0.99 (± 0.39) logits and external dimensionality of 1.03 (± 0.81) logits. With regard to the questionnaireitems, they had a mean of 0.00 logits (± 1.38), 0.09 logits error, internal dimensionality of 0.99 (± 0.12) logits, external dimensionality of1.03 (± 0,30) logits, separation rate of items of 15.62 logits, and 51% reliability.Conclusions: Use of Rasch method enabled us to verify the exposure of each participant to the different tobacco exposure conditions, andshowed that the questionnaire that measures tobacco exposure should deal each question with different weights.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adolescentes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 assistidos na região metropolitana de Cuiabá-MT / Health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus assisted in the metropolitan region of Cuiabá-MT

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica com alta prevalência, constituindo um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), em geral, manifesta-se na infância e na adolescência. O DM1 e suas complicações podem afetar as condições de vida dos adolescentes e influenciar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) em adolescentes portadores de DM1 assistidos na região metropolitana de Cuiabá-MT. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal que incluiu adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, com pelo menos 1 ano de diagnóstico. Os dados foram colhidos por meio da aplicação do Instrumento para Qualidade de Vida de Jovens com Diabetes (IQVJD) e do formulário de dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e clínicos. Os adolescentes também responderam a uma questão específica comparando seu estado de saúde a adolescentes não diabéticos de mesma idade. Resultados: Foram estudados 96 adolescentes, em sua maioria do sexo feminino, de cores branca e parda e com indícios de DM não controlada (81% com hemoglobina glicada - HbA1c - acima de 7%), não obstante este resultado, de modo geral, fizeram uma avaliação compatível com boa qualidade de vida (QV). As medianas e os valores mínimos e máximos dos escores do IQVJD total e seus domínios foram: 35 (17-62) para o domínio "satisfação"; 51 (26-73) para o domínio "impacto"; 26 (11-44) para o domínio "preocupações" e 112 (59-165) para o valor do IQVJD total; 74% avaliaram seu estado de saúde como bom ou excelente. As análises bivariadas mostraram associação significante entre ter menor renda familiar, ser assistido por um plano de saúde público e o tipo de insulina com o domínio satisfação; ter menor renda familiar, ser assistido por um plano de saúde público , estudar em escola pública, ser filho de pais com menor escolaridade com os domínios preocupações e IQVJD total. Os adolescentes mais magros também avaliaram melhor sua QV no domínio...

Introduction : Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high prevalence, constituting an important public health problem worldwide. Diabetes mellitus type 1 ( DM1) , usually manifests in childhood and adolescence. DM1 and its complications can affect the lives of adolescents and influence their quality of life (QoL). Objective: Evaluate the health-related quality of life of adolescents with DM1 who are assisted in the metropolitan region of Cuiaba-Brazil . Methods: A crosssectional study included adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, with at least 1 year of performed diagnosis. Data were collected through the application of the Instrument for Quality of Life of Young People with Diabetes (DQOLY) and the form of sociodemographic, economic and clinical data.The teenagers also answered a specific question comparing their health status to non diabetic adolescents of the same age. Results: 96 subjects were studied , mostly female and white and brown colors with uncontrolled DM ( 81 % with glycated hemoglobin - HbA1c - up 7 % ), despite this result, in general, they did a analysis compatible with good QoL . The median, minimum and maximum values of total DQOLY scores and its domains were: 35 ( 17-62 ) for the domain " satisfaction " ; 51 ( 26-73 ) for the domain " impact " ; 26 ( 11-44 ) for the domain " concerns " and 112 ( 59-165 ) to the value of total DQOLY ; 74 % reported their health status as good or excellent. The bivariate analysis showed significant association between having lower family income, being assisted by a public health plan and the type of insulin with "satisfaction" domain; have lower family income , being assisted by a public health service, study in public school , to be children of lower parental education in the field "concerns" and in total DQOLY . The leaner adolescents also rated their QoL better in the domain "concerns " . The time of diagnosis greater than or equal to three years and HbA1c above 7 %, also were associated...

Survey on training needs of general practioners in Shanghai / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the training needs of general practioners (GPs) in Shanghai and to analyze the related factors.Methods A questionnaire survery on the training needs was conducted among 428 GPs who attended a municipal training program of clinical compentance in Shanghai during July 2011 to February 2012.Results Among 428 GPs receiving the survey,23.9％ (102/427) expressed great willingness for training; 40.2％ ( 169/421 ) preferred part-time and 41.3％ ( 174/421 ) preferred on-job training; 31.7％ (377/1188) wished to have case analysis method of teaching.In the aspect of training contents,common clinical skills were ranked the first,accounting for 32.1％ (1376/4280) of the choices,on the other hand,health care for women,children and the elderly in community was ranked the last,accounting for 18.9％ (485/2568) of the choices.Logistic regression showed that the gender (OR =2.194,P=0.010),age (OR=0.435,P=0.011) and education levels of GPs (OR=0.293,P=0.006) were related factors of training needs.Conclusion The survay reveals that training needs of GPs are strong in Shanghai and GPs prefer short-term training in real clinical situations.

Avaliação do Conhecimento de Professores do Ensino Fundamental sobre o Tema Avulsão Dentária / Evaluation of an Elementary Teacher's Knowledge about the Topic Tooth Avulsion

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento de um grupo de professores da rede pública de ensino do município de Cascavel-PR, sobre o tema primeiros-socorros nos traumatismos dentários, enfocando a avulsão dentária (deslocamento total do dente para fora de seu alvéolo) em escola primária.Metodologia: As escolas participantes do projeto foram selecionadas de forma aleatória, por sorteio, envolvendo todas as áreas da cidade de Cascavel-PR, sendo a proposta aceita por 11 escolas. Foi aplicado um questionário composto por duas partes para 76 professores. A primeira parte continha 15 questões objetivas de ordem geral e referentes ao conhecimento sobre o tema, e a segunda parte, com 16 questões que abordaram noções de primeiros socorros frente a casos de traumatismos, mais especificamente de avulsão. Os dados foram tabulados em tabela Excel e as porcentagens foram calculadas.Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados (84,21%) relatou não estar preparada para fazer o atendimento de uma criança que tenha sofrido avulsão. Dos entrevistados, 65,78% julgam importante localizar o dente e o pegaria pela coroa. Nesse caso, 25% não limpariam o dente, enquanto que 72,36% limpariam com água, pano, papel ou de outra forma, dentre as quais o leite foi o mais citado. Com relação ao tema avulsão dentária, 84,21% dos participantes não se sentem preparados para o cuidado imediato necessário. Os resultados revelaram também que a maioria não recolocaria o dente de volta ao alvéolo por não saber fazê-lo. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos professores sobre o atendimento emergencial de criança que sofre traumatismo dentário necessita ser melhor explorado, por meio de programas educativos que abordem o tema, especialmente ressaltando a importância do pronto atendimento

Objective: Evaluating the knowledge of a group of public school teachers from the city of Cascavel (PR) about the topic emergency management of dental trauma, focusing on tooth avulsion in elementary school. Methods: Schools participating in the project were selected randomly, by lottery, involving all areas of the city of Cascavel (PR), and 11 agreed to proposal. We administered questionnaire consisting of two shares for 76 teachers. The first part containing 15 objective questions and general knowledge regarding the subject, and the second part with 16 questions covering first aid, compared to cases of trauma, specifically avulsion. Data were tabulated in Excel table and percentages were calculated.Results: Most interviewees (84.21%) reported not being prepared to handle a child who has suffered avulsion. 65.78% of respondents consider important to find the tooth and would take the crown. In this case, 25% did not wash away the teeth, while 72.36% wipe with water, cloth, paper or otherwise, among which milk was the most cited. On the topic dental avulsion, 84.21% of participants do not feel prepared for the immediate care needed. The results also revealed that the majority did not restore it back to the tooth socket for not knowing how to do it.Conclusion: Based on the results we verified that the knowledge of teachers about emergency management when children suffer dental trauma needs to be better exploited through educational programs that address the topic, emphasizing the importance of immediate care

Survey report about farmers and herdsmen in a demonstration base of Datong on Brucellosis prevention and control in Shanxi province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To survey knowledge of the local people's understanding of Brucellosis,and to explore the risk factors for brucellosis infection,and to determine the key issue of next comprehensive health promotion intervention.Methods Two counties,Yanggao and Guangling,which are old endemic areas with Brucellosis in history,and with epidemic rebounding in recent years,were selected.The survey was carried out by two stage stratified cluster sampling method.The questionnaires included respondents' demographic data(gender,age,education level,etc.),Brucellosis (hereinafter referred to as Brucellosis) knowledge of the investigation and behavior and attitude of people toward the measure for control of Brucellosis.Results A total of 5372 people were investigated in two counties of which 62.7％(3362/5372) of farmers.The investigated crowd had low culture level.The awareness of Brucellosis infection route of Yanggao and Guangling counties were 84.03％ (2379/2831) and 333％(847/2541 ).The average awareness of Brucellosis infection route was 18.60％(6001/32 260).In the investigation of knowledge on Brucellosis prevention of the two counties,29％ believed that it was necessary to wear gloves to process flow product,and 70％ of people answered do not know.For farmers on how to deal with dead animals,results showed that 79.1％(664/839) in Yanggao choose to sell dead animals to the market; 61.2％ (267/361) in Guangling choose to kill and bury,there were inappropriate treatment on handling of ill and dead animals in the two counties.Conclusions Spread of Brucellosis is caused mainly due to emphasis on the disease is not enough,and inappropriate handling of dead livestock.Measures like strengthening health education and behavioral intervention,increasing public awareness of the disease prevention and ability to change the incorrect way of life and cognitive concepts,can effectively reduce human infection and the spread of Brucellosis.

Emociones en la vida del grupo: porque los grupos también sienten / Emotions in the life of the group: because groups also feel

Este estudio tuvo por objeto central examinar en qué medida las cuatro etapas de desarrollo de grupo propuestas por el modelo de Lourenço y Miguez (Miguez y Lourenço 2001) difieren entre sí con respecto a las emociones expresadas, falseadas y suprimidas. Bajo un punto de vista experimental, se examinó también si los grupos difieren en el grado de convergencia emocional en función de la etapa de desarrollo donde se encuentran. Se recurrió a la aplicación de dos cuestionarios –PDE (Miguez y Lourenço 2001) y PJAWSN (Ramalhoet al. 2008)– a un total de 71 equipos de trabajo, centrando el análisis de los datos en nivel del grupo. Los resultados obtenidos a través del análisis de variancia (ANOVA) muestran que: a) grupos en la 2ª etapa de desarrollo tienden a expresar más emociones negativas que grupos en la 3ª etapa y menos emociones positivas que en el 4º nivel; y que, b) grupos en la 1ª etapa tienden a suprimir más emociones queen la 4ª etapa. En cuanto al falseamiento de emociones y convergencias emocionales no fueron encontradas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En general, se concluye que la manifestación de emociones positivas y negativas se altera a lo largo del trayecto evolutivo de los grupos, y que es en la 1ª etapa de desarrollo que los grupos tienden a suprimir más emociones.

This study aimed at examining the extent to which the four stages of group development proposed by the model of Lourenço and Miguez (Miguez and Lourenço 2001) differ with regard to expressed, faked and suppressed emotions. Under an experimental point ofview, it was also examined whether the groups differ in the degree of emotional convergence as a function of the stage of development they are in. Two questionnaires were applied –PDE (Miguez and Lourenço 2001) and PJAWSN (Ramalho et al. 2008)– to a total of 71 work teams, focusing data analysis at group level. The resultsobtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that, a) groups in the second stage of development tend to express more negative emotions than groups in the third stage and less positive emotions than in the fourth level and that, b)the groups in the first stage tend to suppress more emotions than in the fourth stage. As the faking ofemotions and emotional convergence differences no statistically significant differences were found. In general, it is concluded that the expression of positive and negative emotions is altered along the evolutionary path of the groups and that it is in the first stage of development where groups tend to suppress more emotions.

Evaluation system for transformation of industrial medical scientific and technological achievements / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Based on the research of factors which affect the transformations of medical scientific and technological achievements, we proposed an evaluation method with the combination of quantitative and qual-itative analysis, and set up an evaluation system and model for transformation of medical scientific and tech-nological achievements.

Disease perception and awareness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural Xuzhou / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To evaluate perception and awareness of disease knowledge in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural area of Xuzhou City. Methods Perception and awareness of COPD, including its nature, control, medication use, impact on their quality of life, experience of its acute exacerbation, and so on, in 392 patients with COPD were evaluated with self-designed ad hoc questionnaire. Proportion and percentage were used in statistical analysis. Results According to the GLOD standards, 58 of 392 patients with COPD could be classified as stage Ⅰ (14. 8%), 164 as stage Ⅱ (41.8%), 103 as stage Ⅲ (26.3%) and 67 as stage Ⅳ (17.1%), respectively. Only 14 patients (3.6%) had heard COPD, but all of them did not know the definition of COPD and its acute exacerbation. Lung function tests and health education had never been performed for all these patients. One hundred and twenty-six patients (32. 1%) did not understand that smoking is a risk factor for COPD, 343 patients (87. 5%) had never heard that COPD could be prevented and controlled. Only 95 patients (24. 2%) did regular physical exercises. Seventy-six patients (19. 4%) in stable stage did not take theophylline regularly, and none of them took inhalers or nebulizer drugs regularly or temporally, or oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation at home. During acute exacerbation, 261 patients (66.6%) could take theophyUine or analogous drugs and antibiotics. One hundred and five patients (26. 8%) were admitted to hospital during the past year due to respiratory symptoms. Physical activities were restrained in 224 patients (57.1%), 91 patients (23. 2%) had a little bit feeling of depression sometimes and social communication was impacted in 232 patients (59. 2%). Conclusions Patients with COPD in rural Xuzhan, Jiangsu province were poor in knowledge of COPD, and their treatment during stable stage and acute exacerbation did not meet the standards. COPD had significant impact on their daily life, and education and management for the patients should be strengthened.

Nível de testosterona total em mulheres pós-menopausa com olho seco / Total testosterone level in postmenopausal women with dry eye

OBJETIVO: Comparar o nível sérico de testosterona total entre mulheres pós-menopausa divididas em 3 grupos: controle, olho seco leve a moderado e olho seco intenso. MÉTODOS: No ambulatório de climatério foram selecionadas 29 mulheres pós-menopausa que não faziam reposição hormonal há pelo menos 8 semanas. Critérios de exclusão: alterações palpebrais mecânicas, pterígio, obstrução de vias lacrimais, inflamação intra-ocular e uso de lente de contato. As mulheres selecionadas foram submetidas à dosagem de testosterona total, aplicação do questionário OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) e exame oftalmológico para detecção de olho seco. As mulheres foram divididas em 3 grupos conforme o resultado do escore OSDI e do exame oftalmológico. RESULTADOS: Cinco pacientes foram classificadas como ausência de olho seco, 15 com olho seco leve a moderado e 4 com olho seco intenso. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a média dos valores das idades (p=0,3915); nível de instrução (p=0,9333); doenças associadas (p=0,2551); tipo de medicação utilizada (p=0,2844) e nível sérico de testosterona total entre os grupos (p=0,1275). CONCLUSÃO: Não encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o nível de testosterona total entre mulheres pós-menopausa com olho seco. Novos estudos clínicos com maior amostra são necessários para melhor esclarecer a relação dos níveis séricos dos androgênios nos portadores de olho seco.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare total testosterone blood level among three groups of postmenopausal women: control, mild to moderate dry eye and severe dry eye. METHODS: Twenty-nine postmenopausal women were selected. The exclusion criteria were: hormone replacement therapy in the last 8 weeks, mechanical palpebral abnormalities, pterygium, lacrimal obstructions, intraocular inflammation or contact lens use. A blood sample was collected for total testosterone level determination, and the patients were submitted to an ophthalmologic examination (emphasizing on dry eye detection) and answered the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire. Five patients were excluded. Postmenopausal women were divided into three groups according to OSDI score and the ophthalmic examination. RESULTS: Five patients were classified in the no dry eye group (control), fifteen in the mild to moderate dry eye group and four in the severe dry eye group. There were no statistically significant differences regarding mean age (p=0.3915); instruction level (p=0.9333); number of comorbidities (p=0.2551); medication taken (p=0.2844) and total testosterone level among those groups (p=0.1275). CONCLUSION: Further research with a greater bigger sample is necessary to establish the relation of androgen levels in dry eye patients.

The questionaire of postoperative pain in the patients after maxillofacial surgery / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the pain in patients during the early stages of recovery from maxillofacial surgery under general anaesthesia.Methods: One hundred patients as participants to respone the questionaire of postoperative pain 24 hours after operation. The data of pain intensity,analgesia requirement and the reason for operation of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 100 cases, 92 with moderate or slight postoperative pain, 8 with severe pain. It is significant more severe pain (14.3%)in the group of bone fracture than that (less than 8.7%) in other groups. Conclusion: Most patients 24 h after maxillofacial surgery are with moderate and slight pain. The pain intensity relates with type of maxillofacial surgery.