RESUMO
Little information about Shigella responsible for foodborne shigellosis is available in Brazil. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and PCR-ribotyping patterns of Shigella isolates responsible for foodborne outbreaks occurred in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Southern Brazil in the period between 2003 and 2007. Shigella strains (n=152) were isolated from foods and fecal samples of victims of shigellosis outbreaks investigated by the Surveillance Service. Identification of the strains at specie level indicated that 71.1 percent of them were S. flexneri, 21.5 percent S. sonnei, and 0.7 percent S. dysenteriae. Ten strains (6.7 percent) were identified only as Shigella spp. An increasing occurrence of S. sonnei was observed after 2004. Most of the strains were resistant to streptomycin (88.6 percent), followed by ampicillin (84.6 percent), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (80.5 percent). Resistant strains belonged to 73 patterns, and pattern A (resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and intermediate resistance to kanamycin) grouped the largest number of isolates (n=36). PCR-ribotyping identified three banding patterns (SH1, SH2, and SH3). SH1 grouped all S. flexneri and SH2 grouped all S. sonnei. The S. dysenteriae strain belonged to group SH3. According to the results, several Shigella isolates shared the same PCR-rybotyping banding pattern and the same resistance profile, suggesting that closely related strains were responsible for the outbreaks. However, other molecular typing methods need to be applied to confirm the clonal relationship of these isolates.
RESUMO
Estimou-se a prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes dos sistemas de saúde público e privado de Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Foram analisados prontuários de 3.573 gestantes de 6 serviços públicos e 16 privados. O nível socioeconômico foi estimado comparando-se o número de gestações. A prevalência geral de HBsAg foi de 0,7 por cento, não diferindo entre os sistemas público e privado (0,64 por cento vs 0,79 por cento; P = 0,603). O número de gestações foi maior nas gestantes do sistema público [2 (1-6) vs 1 (1-3); P = 0,0001]. Conclui-se que a prevalência do HBsAg em gestantes de Passo Fundo é baixa e independente do nível socioeconômico.
We estimated the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women assisted in public and private health systems of the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Health registers of 3,573 patients assisted in 6 public and 16 private services were analyzed. The socioeconomic level was estimated comparing the number of pregnancies. Overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.7 percent, being similar comparing public and private systems (0.64 vs 0.79 percent; P = 0.603). Pregnancy number was higher in patients of the private system [2 (1-6) vs 1 (1-3); P = 0.0001]. The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women of Passo Fundo was low and independent of the socioeconomic level.