Anti-radiation drugs for radiotherapy:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Anti-radiation drugs can prevent humans from radiation injury,reduce the clinical symptoms of radiation sickness and promote early recovery. With the wide application of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumor patients ,anti-radiation drugs for radiotherapy have become more and more important. Tradiational anti-radiation drugs include free radical scavengers,super?oxide dismutase(SOD)and SOD mimetics,nitroxides,natural antioxidants and cytokines. These drugs have the common disadvantag?es of serious side effects,narrow therapeutic time window,poor stability and high cost. Therefore,it is particularly important and ur?gent to discover anti-radiation drugs which are highly efficient,lowly toxic,inexpensive and easy to use. In recent years,with the deepening understanding of cell signaling pathways,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI)and apoptosis regulators have gradually become a hot spot for anti-radiation drugs research. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages as well as the future trends of anti-radiation drugs with proven or potential usefulness in radiotherapy.

Anti-radiation drugs for radiotherapy: Research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Anti-radiation drugs can prevent humans from radiation injury, reduce the clinical symptoms of radiation sickness and promote early recovery. With the wide application of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumor patients, anti-radiation drugs for radiotherapy have become more and more important. Tradiational anti-radiation drugs include free radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and SOD mimetics, nitroxides, natural antioxidants and cytokines. These drugs have the common disadvantages of serious side effects, narrow therapeutic time window, poor stability and high cost. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to discover anti-radiation drugs which are highly efficient, lowly toxic, inexpensive and easy to use. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of cell signaling pathways, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and apoptosis regulators have gradually become a hot spot for anti-radiation drugs research. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages as well as the future trends of anti-radiation drugs with proven or potential usefulness in radiotherapy.

Grapevine fruit extract protects against radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human lymphocyte.

Ionizing radiation (IR) causes oxidative stress through overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living cells leading the oxidative damage further to biomolecules. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) posses several bioactive phytochemicals and is the richest source of antioxidants. In this study, we investigated V. vinifera for its phytochemical content, enzymes profile and, ROS- and oxidant-scavenging activities. We have also studied the fruit extract of four different grapevine viz., Thompson seedless, Flame seedless, Kishmish chorni and Red globe for their radioprotective actions in human lymphocytes. The activities of ascorbic acid oxidase and catalase significantly (P <0.01) differed among extracts within the same cultivar, while that of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase did not differ significantly. The superoxide radical-scavenging activity was higher in the seed as compared to the skin or pulp of the same cultivar. Pretreatment with grape extracts attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 4 Gy γ-radiation in human lymphocytes in vitro. Further, γ-radiation-induced increase in caspase 3/7 activity was significantly attenuated by grape extracts. These results suggest that grape extract serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants against the IR-induced oxidative stress and also inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, the protective action of grape depends on the source of extract (seed, skin or pulp) and type of the cultivars.