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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the incidence, dose of occurrence, grade, severity, and associated risk factors for the development of radiodermatitis, by area of the irradiated breast, in women with breast cancer, during hypofractionated radiotherapy. Method: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, according to the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, carried out between May 2019 and May 2021. Results: A total of 104 women participated in the study, and 73.1% (95%CI: 64-82) developed signs of radiodermatitis during treatment. The majority (63.5%, 95%CI: 54-73) developed erythema in the axillary region with about 36.5 Grays. Women with large breasts and statin users are more likely to develop radiodermatitis. However, women with Phototype III skin color classification (light brown skin) are less likely to develop radiodermatitis, with skin color being a protective factor. Conclusion: The incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer during hypofractionated radiotherapy is significant. Therefore, the development of protocols for the management of this radiotoxicity is suggested, considering the cumulative dose and associated risk factors.
RESUMEN Objectivo: Analizar la incidencia, dosis de ocurrencia, grado, severidad y factores de riesgo asociados para el desarrollo de radiodermatitis, por área de la mama irradiada, en mujeres con cáncer de mama, durante radioterapia hipofraccionada. Método: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal, según las directrices del Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, realizado entre mayo de 2019 y mayo de 2021. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 104 mujeres, el 73,1% (IC 95%: 64-82) desarrollaron signos de radiodermatitis durante el tratamiento. La mayoría (63,5%, IC95%: 54-73) desarrolló eritema en la región axilar con alrededor de 36,5 Grays. Las mujeres con senos grandes y usuarias de estatinas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar radiodermatitis. Sin embargo, las mujeres con color de piel clasificado como Fototipo III (piel morena clara) tienen menos probabilidades de desarrollar radiodermatitis, siendo el color de piel un factor protector. Conclusión: La incidencia de radiodermatitis en mujeres con cáncer de mama durante la radioterapia hipofraccionada es significativa. Por lo tanto, se sugiere el desarrollo de protocolos para el manejo de esta radiotoxicidad, considerando la dosis acumulada y los factores de riesgo asociados.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a incidência, a dose de ocorrência, o grau, a severidade e os fatores de risco associados para o desenvolvimento de radiodermatite, por área da mama irradiada, em mulheres com câncer de mama, durante a radioterapia hipofracionada. Método: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal, conforme diretrizes do Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, realizado entre maio de 2019 e maio de 2021. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 104 mulheres, 73,1% (IC95%: 64-82) desenvolveram sinais de radiodermatite durante o tratamento. A maioria (63,5%, IC95%: 54-73) desenvolveu eritema na região axilar com cerca de 36,5 Grays. Mulheres com mamas volumosas e usuárias de estatinas possuem maior chance de desenvolver radiodermatite. Entretanto, mulheres com a cor da pele classificada como Fototipo III (pele morena clara) possuem menor chance de desenvolver radiodermatite, sendo a cor da pele um fator protetor. Conclusão A incidência de radiodermatite em mulheres com câncer de mama durante a radioterapia hipofracionada é expressiva. Sugere-se, portanto, o desenvolvimento de protocolos para o manejo desta radiotoxicidade, considerando a dose cumulativa e fatores de risco associados.
Assuntos
Enfermagem Oncológica , Radiodermite , Radioterapia , Neoplasias da Mama , Hipofracionamento da Dose de RadiaçãoRESUMO
El cáncer de canal anal y ano, es considerado como poco frecuente, sin embargo, ha aumentado ligeramente su incidencia representando del 1 al 2% de todas las neoplasias del intestino grueso. Dentro de los factores que se asocian a la génesis de estos tumores se encuentra la afección por el virus del papiloma humano. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 32 años que acude al servicio de Radioterapia del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, con antecedentes de Síndrome de Down y diagnóstico de un carcinoma epidermoide del ano y región perianal, variante exofítico y con antecedentes de infección por el virus del papiloma humano. Es evaluada en equipo multidisciplinario y no tiene criterio de cirugía por el tamaño tumoral, por lo que se decidió según estadiamiento la quimioradioterapia concurrente. La paciente presentó una respuesta completa al tratamiento con radioterapia, sin presentar complicaciones, con lo que se demuestra la efectividad de la radioterapia en los tumores del ano y canal anal.
Cancer of the anal canal and anus is considered rare, however, its incidence has slightly increased representing 1 to 2% of all neoplasms of the large intestine. Among the factors that are associated with the genesis of these tumors is the condition by the human papillomavirus. We present the case of a 32-year-old female patient who attends the Radiotherapy service of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital, with a history of Down Syndrome and a diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and perianal region, exophytic variant and with a history of infection by the human papillomavirus. It is evaluated in a multidisciplinary team and has no surgical criteria due to tumor size, so it was decided according to staging concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The patient presented a complete response to treatment with radiotherapy, without presenting complications, which demonstrates the effectiveness of radiotherapy in tumors of the anus and anal canal.
O câncer do canal anal e do ânus é considerado raro, porém, sua incidência aumentou ligeiramente representando 1 a 2% de todas as neoplasias do intestino grosso. Entre os fatores associados à gênese desses tumores está a condição pelo papilomavírus humano. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 32 anos que atende ao serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital Cirúrgico Clínico Hermanos Ameijeiras, com histórico de Síndrome de Down e diagnóstico de carcinoma celular escamoso do ânus e região perianal, variante exofítica e com histórico de infecção pelo papilomavírus humano. É avaliado em equipe multidisciplinar e não possui critérios cirúrgicos devido ao tamanho do tumor, por isso foi decidido de acordo com a chemoradioterapia simultânea. O paciente apresentou resposta completa ao tratamento com radioterapia, sem apresentar complicações, o que demonstra a eficácia da radioterapia em tumores do ânus e do canal anal.
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Objective To predict the tolerance range of set-up errors in clinical practice by predicting the virtual set-up errors of postoperative radiotherapy patients for breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of the patients who underwent radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery in recent 3 years. According to different treatment method, 10 cases of breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy and 10 cases after breast conserving radical mastectomy were selected. The target area was delineated, the volume modulated radiation therapy plan was made, the virtual moving error of the center point of the plan was moved, and the maximum moving error was 5 mm by 1 mm step. After recalculating the dose, the corresponding data including the clinical target areas ( CT ) , CTV ( V50 ) , average heart volume, V20 of the affected lung and CTV volume were recorded. SPSS 19. 0 software was used for statistical analysis, and repeated measurement of variance analysis was used to analyze the changes of the actual dose in the target area after moving the center point. Linear regression analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the CTV volume and the dose change after the CTV moving midline. Results The virtual set-up error had little influence on the axis direction of the approximate mammary tangent direction, while the vertical direction of the approximate mammary tangent direction had greater influence. After moving more than 3 mm on the vertical axis, the CTV ( V50 ) decreased to below 90％, which was lower than the general requirement for the target area of CTV. Statistical analysis of set-up errors in all directions showed that there was significant difference in dosimetric changes ( F=34. 182, 12. 877, 16. 443, 9. 846, 46. 829, 10. 122, 57. 931, P <0. 05) in all directions except the B direction of left breast set-up errors (P>0. 05). Between breast conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy, there was little effect on target movement. Through correlation analysis, it was found that the volume of CTV in the target area of breast cancer patients was linearly related to the errors caused by the movement of B, C and B directions of left breast and right breast(F=5. 733, 18. 496, 6. 630, P<0. 05). Conclusions In postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer, the errors perpendicular to the section of breast should be paid special attention to whether left or right breast. When the error of this direction exceeds 3 mm, CTV is obviously less than V50 below 83. 85％. The effect of set-up error on the dose of CTV was not related to the operation mode of breast cancer and there was no obvious correlation with the volume of the target area.
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Objective: To investigate the value of positron emission tomography and computer tomography(PET-CT)in determining the target volume for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC), so as to lay a foundation for PET-CT-based precision radiotherapy. Methods: The target volume for 13 confirmed LAPC patients who were referred for radical radiation therapy were delineated on both CT imaging and PET-CT fused imaging. The gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), planned target volume (PTV), and received doses in the normal tissues were compared between the two images produced by the two methods. Results: PET-CT image altered GTV and PTV on CT images. For all the 13 patients, the GTVCT versus GTVPET-CT was (57.3±22.9)cm3 versus (68.4±31.7)cm3, CTVCT versus CTVPET-CT was (119.9±38.7)cm3 versus (132.7±47.5)cm3,and PTVCT versus PTVPET-CT was (288.6±52.1)cm3 versus (312.4±79.4)cm3, with significant difference found for all the three parameters (P<0.05). GTV of 6 patients was increased by more than 20%, with an average increase of 36.5%. PET-CT image changed the parameters of dose-volume histograms (DVH). When delivering the same target dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions, received doses in the normal tissues were different for the two plans created by the two methods, but showing no statistical significance. Conclusion: PET-CT fused imaging can accurately delineate the target volume for 3D-CRT of LAPC while keeping the received doses in the normal tissues within clinically acceptable level, which can help to create better 3D-CRT, but further conclusion still needs larger sample studies.