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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 23(2): 137-140, June 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-626771

RESUMO

There are few long-term data on which to base decisions of drug management of HIV infection in pregnancy. The determination of safe medications must take into consideration the need for certain drugs and the possibility of inadvertent fetal exposure because of unplanned pregnancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foscarnet on the entire period of rat pregnancy. Female pregnant rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10): one control (C) ­ treated with the drug vehicle (bidestilled water) and three experimental groups (E1, E2 and E3) ­ treated with 180, 360 or 720 mg/Kg of foscarnet, respectively. Rats were treated by gavage once daily. The treatment period extended from the first until the 20th day of pregnancy. Body weights were recorded weekly along this period. At term, the rats were sacrificed, the implantation sites and the number of fetuses and resorptions were recorded. The fetuses were evaluated for externally visible abnormalities under a stereomicroscope. No differences in body weights among the groups were observed; however, foscarnet-treated rats showed reduced fetal and placental weights. The incidence 137of resorptions and major malformations (shortening of limbs) in the E3 group was significantly raised. Foscarnet treatment during the entire period of rat pregnancy can produce definite toxic effects, mainly on the placental and fetal compartments.


Foscarnet es un inhibidor de la transcriptasis reversa del HIV que actúa en la síntesis del DNA. En este trabajo evaluamos los efectos crónicos del foscarnet durante la preñez de la rata albina. Ratas preñadas fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos (n = 10 para cada grupo): uno control (C), tratadas con agua bidestilada, y tres experimentales (E1, E2 y E3), tratadas con 180, 360 o 720 mg/Kg al día de foscarnet. El fármaco y el vehículo (siempre 1 ml) fueron administrados una vez al día desde el día 0 hasta el día 20 de la gestación. Las ratas fueron pesadas semanalmente y sacrificadas al término de la preñez. No se observaron alteraciones significativas en cuanto al incremento de peso corporal entre los grupos. Sin embargo, las ratas tratadas con foscarnet (especialmente las de los grupos E2 y E3) presentaron reducciones del peso promedio de los fetos y de las respectivas placentas. La incidencia de reabsorciones y malformaciones (acortamiento de miembros) fue significativa en el grupo E3. Se concluye que la administración de foscarnet durante toda la preñez de la rata puede producir efectos tóxicos definidos, especialmente en los compartimientos placentario y fetal.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Prenhez/efeitos dos fármacos , Foscarnet/farmacologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Peso Corporal , Resultado da Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Foscarnet/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/administração & dosagem
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 23(3): 205-208, 2005. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-626780

RESUMO

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is in growing incidence throughout the world. Due to the increasing proportion of affected women in reproductive years, the association of pregnancy with HIV infection becomes a matter of major Public Health concern. Antiretroviral drug administration turned out to be imperative during pregnancy in order to prevent the vertical transmission; accordingly, new antiretroviral drugs and anti-HIV drug associations have been tested in experimental pregnancy models before they are approved to be included in protocols for use during human pregnancy. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor currently used in association with other antiretrovirals. Since no data exist on the perinatal safety of lamivudine alone, as it is used in combination with other antiretroviral agents, and, until now, only preliminary data on the lamivudine-zidovudine combination were available, we decided to examine the gross maternal and fetal effects of lamivudine administered alone during the entire period of rat pregnancy. Forty pregnant animals were assigned at random to 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4). G1 received drug vehicle; G2, G3 and G4 received daily oral doses of 5, 15 or 45 mg/kg of lamivudine, respectively. Rats were weighed on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 of pregnancy. On day 20 they were killed, their fetuses and placentas counted and weighed. The body weight gain of the rats was that normally expected for the gestation progression; no differences were noticed among the groups. In addition, no effects were observed regarding the fetal or placental number and weight, nor in the number of implantations, reabsortions, fetal or maternal deaths. In conclusion, the adverse effects reported for the lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy may well be not due to lamivudine; further research involving a variety of strategies is needed to definitively ascertain the safety of that combination for preventing maternal-infant ...


La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) presenta incidencia creciente en todo el mundo. Debido al aumento en la proporción de mujeres afectadas en sus años reproductivos, el binomio embarazo/infección con HIV constituyen un tema preocupante en Salud Pública. Por esto que, la administración de fármacos antirretrovirales ha sido considerada obligatoria durante la gestación para prevenir la transmisión vertical del HIV; de este modo, nuevos fármacos y combinaciones de fármacos con actividad anti-HIV han sido desarollados y testeados en modelos de preñez experimental, previo a su empleo en estrategias de terapia antirretroviral durante la gestación humana. Lamivudina es un inhibidor nucleosídico de la transcriptasa reversa usada en combinación con otros antirretrovirales, pero no hay datos sobre la seguridad de su uso aislado. En el presente trabajo son estudiados los posibles efectos de la lamivudine cuando es administrada durante toda la preñez de la rata albina. Cuarenta ratas preñadas fueron tratadas durante toda la preñez (desde el día 0 hasta el día 20 de la gestación) con 5, 15 o 45 mg/kg de lamivudina, una vez al día. Los controles recibieron el vehículo de la droga. La evolución del peso corporal de los animales fue lo esperado para la progresión normal del peso durante la preñez, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Igualmente no hubo diferencias en cuanto al número de fetos y de placentas y tampoco en cuanto a sus pesos. Ningún efecto fue notado con respecto al número de implantaciones o de reabsorciones. Se concluye que los efectos adversos reportados para la combinación zidovudina-lamivudina no deben, en principio, ser atribuidos a la presencia de la lamivudina.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Prenhez/efeitos dos fármacos , Lamivudina/toxicidade , Fármacos Anti-HIV/toxicidade , Resultado da Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa , Lamivudina/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem
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