Heamatological Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, and if untreated could lead to complications. This study, carried out at the Igbinedion university teaching hospital Okada to ascertain some hematological parameters, using 69 known diabetes patients who enrolled as an Out-patient in the General Out-Patient Department and 69 non-diabetes apparently healthy individuals as control. Thirty-nine of thesediabetic individuals were female, while thirty were male individuals. For the non-diabetic individuals, thirty-seven were female, and thirty-two were male representing 53.6% and 46.4% respectively. Ethical approval from the institution was sought prior to commencement of study and quality control of reagents was strictly maintained. Five millilitres of whole blood was collected into an Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated bottle, and haematological parameters including PCV, HB, WBC, RBC,MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet count were conducted for all individuals. Result obtained for Diabetic individuals showed a mean value of 34.63, 11.24, 4.41, 7.20 and 204.27 for PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and platelets counts respectively, while for non-diabetic individuals, a mean value of 35.04, 10.09, 3.99, 7.07 and 262.56 respectively.Hb concentration and RBC count were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The Red cell indices, MCV and MCHC, were statistically significant. This study showed a statistically significant variation in some hematological parameters of diabetic patients compared to control group .Low platelet count and alteration to red cell morphology as indicated in values of MCV and MCHC among diabetic patients are indicators of thrombotic potential. Hence, routine screening of hematological parameters should be considered for proper management of diabetic patients.

Pattern of hemoglobinopathies in females attending in antenatal clinic with special reference to the role of RBC parameters in beta-thalassemia carrier detection

Background: Hemoglobinopathies are the major cause of anemia throughout the world complicating pregnancy outcome. Hence, detection of hemoglobinopathies in antenatal period is of critical importance as it not only predict the possibility of birth of a child with thalassemia but also reduces the complications associated with anemia in pregnancy. Hence, identification of a reliable cost-effective screening method for detection of hemoglobinopathies is of utmost importance. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of red blood cell (RBC) parameters including hemoglobin (Hb%), RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in detection of thalassemia carriers among healthy antenatal mothers in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from total 1458 antenatal mothers aged 18 years or above with <17 weeks of gestation and were analyzed for complete blood count, serum ferritin level, and high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of abnormal Hb. Patients with iron deficiency anemia as diagnosed by serum ferritin <15 ng/ml were excluded from this study. Results: The prevalence of hemoglobinopathy was found to be 12.55% with ß-thalassemia trait (BTT) being the most common type (7.9%). All the RBC parameters were significantly lower among the BTT group compared to individuals with normal or other hemoglobinopathies (P < 0.05). Conclusion: RBC parameters such as Hb, RBC, MCV, and MCH can be used as cost-effective yet very effective screening method to identify different hemoglobinopathies among antenatal mothers.

The Impact of Glycemic Status and Metformin Administration on Red Blood Cell Indices and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

@#Background: Most guidelines all over the world recommended metformin as the first-line treatment for in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, the present study was suggested to assess the outcome of metformin administration and glycemic status on alterations in red blood cell (RBCs) indices as well as the oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Between December 2016 and October of 2017, a total of 158 eligible individuals were classified as 50 healthy subjects and 108 diabetic patients who were subdivided into six groups according to the type of anti-diabetic treatments. Results: Overall, the results elucidated that hemoglobin concentration was markedly diminished, while red cell distribution width (RDW) value was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in all diabetic groups as compared to control. Moreover, in all diabetic groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was elevated noticeably (P < 0.001), while reduced glutathione (GSH) revealed a lower concentration (P < 0.001) than that of control. Conclusion: The present study exhibited the amelioration effect of metformin administration on oxidative stress and glycemic status which reflected on some RBCs indices. However, hemoglobin concentration showed a noticeable diminution in all metformin-treated groups in spite of the improvement in glycemic and oxidative stress status which indicated that the metformin-induced anemia is independently from diabetic complications.

Usefulness of Red Blood Cell Size Factor (RSf) in Screening Genetic Variants of Alpha Thalassaemia Thalassaemia Trait Regardless of Iron Status

@#Introduction: Screening for alpha (α) thalassaemia trait (TT) is challenging especially in the presence of iron deficiency (ID). Red blood cell size factor (RSf) is a parameter introduced by Beckman Coulter capable of detecting acute and chronic changes to cellular haemoglobin status and iron supply. The research aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of RSf as screening parameter for α TT and the effect of concomitant ID to RSf mean values (m.v) among respondents with α TT. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective laboratory analysis involved 55 respondents’ data selected from January 2014 to December 2015 in Pathology Department, Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. The significant difference at p <0.05 in the RSf m.v. among respondents with α0 TT, α+ TT, and ID groups and the effect concomitant ID to RSf m.v. were determined using statistical test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Significant differences were detected in RSf m.v. i) between α0 TT, α+ TT and ID, F (2, 52) = 18.99, p=0.001. ii) between α TT without ID, α TT with ID and ID cohorts for both a) α0 TT [F (2, 33) = 23.77, p=0.001) and b) α+ TT [F (2, 28) = 5.37, p=0.011]. iii) between α TT and ID group regardless of the presence of ID for both a) α0 TT and b) α+ TT. Conclusion: RSf is a potential screening parameter in evaluating patients with hypochromic microcytosis in identifying possible cases of alpha TT regardless of iron status.

New red blood cell and reticulocyte parameters and reference values for healthy individuals and in chronic kidney disease / Novos parâmetros e valores de referência eritrocitários e reticulocitários normais e na doença renal crônica

Introduction: The importance of local references values has been well described in the literature; this is because the characteristics of the population may influence the laboratory tests. Objective: To establish the reference range for traditional and extended red blood cell parameters and reticulocyte indices in order to investigate its application in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods: 249 blood donors (125 males and 124 females) were selected to establish the reference values. The hemodialysis sample consisted of 62 patients with terminal CKD (48 male and 14 female). All analyzes were performed using the Sysmex XE-5000 automated hematology analyzer. Results: Differences between reference values was observed in relation to gender: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), percentage of hyperchromic red blood cells (%HYPER), percentage of microcytosis (%MICRO), percentage of macrocytosis (%MACRO), absolute reticulocyte count (RET), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He), immature reticulocyte fraction (IFR), low fluorescence reticulocytes (LFR), medium fluorescence reticulocytes (MFR), and high fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR). Individuals with CKD presented RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, red cell distribution width expressed as coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), percentage of hypochromic red blood cells (%HYPO), percentage of reticulocytes (RET%), RET (female group), IFR, LFR, MFR, and HFR results compatible with the anemic state, which can be observed in 91.8% of patients. All studied parameters were in the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.4. In male group, %HYPO (AUC: 0.806) and IFR (AUC: 0.762) presented higher AUC values, while female group presented %HYPO (AUC: 0.806), %HYPER (AUC: 0.815), and IFR (AUC: 0.660). Conclusion: The medical advancement, the development of new techniques and hematological parameters have revealed important information ...

Introdução: A importância dos valores de referências locais tem sido bastante descrita na literatura, isso porque características da população podem influenciar os testes laboratoriais. Objetivos: Estabelecer o intervalo de referência para parâmetros eritrocitários tradicionais e estendidos e índices reticulocitários a fim de investigar sua aplicação em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Materiais e métodos: Dos doadores de sangue, 249 pacientes foram selecionados para estabelecimento dos valores de referência (125 homens e 124 mulheres); dos pacientes em hemodiálise, a amostra foi composta por 62 indivíduos com DRC terminal (48 homens e 14 mulheres). Todas as análises foram realizadas no avaliador hematológico Sysmex XE-5000. Resultados: Foi observada uma distinção entre os valores de referência em relação ao gênero: células vermelhas do sangue (RBC), hemoglobina (HGB), hematócrito (HCT), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), porcentagem de eritrócitos hiper-hemoglobinizados (%HIPER), porcentagem de microcitose (%MICRO), porcentagem de macrocitose (%MACRO), contagem absoluta de reticulócitos (RET), contagem relativa de reticulócitos (RET-He), fração de reticulócitos imaturos (IFR), reticulócitos de baixa fluorescência (LFR), reticulócitos de média fluorescência (MFR) e reticulócitos de alta fluorescência (HFR). Os indivíduos com DRC apresentaram resultados de RBC, HGB, HCT, CHCM, coeficiente de variação do tamanho dos eritrócitos (RDW-CV), %HIPO, RET%, RET (grupo das mulheres), IFR, LFR, MFR e HFR compatíveis com o estado anêmico, que pode ser observado em 91,8%. Todos os parâmetros estudados apresentaram área sob a curva (AUC) > 0,4. Para o grupo dos homens, a %HIPO (AUC: 0,806) e a IFR (AUC: 0,762) apresentaram melhores valores de AUC; já para o grupo das mulheres foram a %HIPO (AUC: 0,806), a %HIPER (AUC: 0,815) e a IFR (AUC: 0,660). Conclusão: Avanço da medicina e surgimento de novas técnicas e parâmetros ...

The Effects of Exposure to Petrol Vapours on Growth, Haematological Parameters and Oxidative Markers in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

Background: Petrol is known to be hazardous to human health and is associated with various health effects, such as haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. Although Malaysia has adopted the European fuel quality standards in recent years in order to reduce petroleum pollutants and to improve air quality, gasoline with research octane number 95 (RON95), believed to contain benzene and other toxic substances, is still widely used all over the country. This study assessed the effect of RON95 gasoline on haemtological parameters of rats after 11 weeks of exposure. Methods: A total of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (exposed to ambient air daily) and gasoline exposed (exposed to petrol fumes at 11.13 ± 1.1cm3/h for 6h daily, 6 days/week) groups. Body weight was monitored daily. At the end of 11 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, bone marrow was extracted for cytological examination, and blood samples were collected for a full blood picture examination, full blood counts and oxidative markers. Results: The results show that gasoline inhalation was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the rate of weight gain and a reduction in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and red cell distribution width. It was also observed that the inhalation of gasoline was associated with changes in the nuclei of megakaryocytes, hence causing an increase in the percentage of abnormal megakaryocytes with detached nuclei, hypo-lobulation and/or disintegration. However, the inhalation of gasoline did not cause significant changes in oxidative markers in the erythrocytes. Conclusion: This study shows that 11 weeks of inhaling RON95 petrol vapours caused adverse effects on weight gain, blood cell indices and bone marrow megakaryocytes, but did not cause significant changes in oxidative markers in erythrocytes. The definitive effects of these changes on health require further confirmation.