Esthetic evaluation of resin infiltration for the treatment of molar-incisor hypomineralization / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To evaluate the clinical effects of resin infiltration in treating molar-incisor hypomineralization. @*Methods @#Twelve patients (36 teeth) with mild molar-incisor mineralization imperfecta who met the inclusion criteria were selected and treated with penetrating resin. Before treatment (T0), at the one-week follow-up (T1) and at the six-month follow-up (T2), a Crystaleye spectrophotometer was used to take photos, and the color differences (ΔE) between the lesion area and the surrounding normal enamel area at different times were calculated and analyzed. The area of the lesion and the total area of the labial surface of affected teeth were calculated using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software. The corresponding area ratio (R) and treatment efficiency (SR) were obtained. The R value was used to judge the effectiveness of resin penetration in the treatment of molar and incisor mineralization imperfecta and to evaluate its aesthetic effect. The results were analyzed by repeated measures one-way ANOVA. @*Results@#The color difference of the lesion area vs sound adjacent enamel (ΔE) decreased significantly, and that of the lesion area decreased significantly after resin infiltration (P < 0.001). The success rate was approximately 86.02%, which means that the esthetic effect of resin infiltration in treating molar-incisor hypomineralization was remarkable. No important adverse events or side effects were observed. @*Conclusion@# The aesthetic effect of resin infiltration in the treatment of mild molar and incisor hypomineralization is good. This method is recommended for clinical use.

Research and application of tissue optical clearing technique / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Whole-body cell analysis of organisms is one of the major challenges in biomedicine. Tissue optical clearing technique combined with optical imaging and image processing technique can make the whole organ or the body transparent rapidly for structural and cellular analyses, providing a very promising solution for the application of advanced optical technique in life science. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the principle and process of tissue optical clearing technique, to summarize the research progress of tissue optical clearing technique, to present imaging technology for tissue clearing, and to discuss the application of tissue optical clearing technique in biomedical researches. METHODS: The first author searched relevant literatures in PubMed database with the keywords of “tissue optical clearing technique, tissue optical clearing, whole-body imaging and 3D imaging”. A total of 168 articles were initially retrieved. After sorting and screening systematically, 72 literatures were included for analysis, summary and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Current tissue optical clearing protocols are divided into two groups: solvent-based clearing methods and hydrophilic reagent-based clearing methods. Tissue clearing is usually conducted by the following steps: (a) tissue fixation, (b) permeabilization, (c) decolorization, and (d) refractive index matching. Tissue optical clearing technique can rapidly transform tissue into an optically transparent form, improving imaging depth and contrast. Combined with microscope imaging techniques such as confocal, two-photon and light sheet microscopes, tissue clearing can achieve 3D imaging of the whole organ or body at cellular resolution, accelerating the process of whole-body cell analysis of organisms. Tissue optical clearing technique will continue to evolve in the future, promote the development of new clearing reagents and clearing optimized microscopes, further enhance the acquisition of structural and molecular information from intact systems and contribute to the comprehensive understanding of whole biological systems.

Natural Alternative to D.P.X (Mounting Medium) - Comparison between Honey and Castor Oil

Introduction: To go organic is the theme of the present day.With added benefits of both honey and castor oil being ecofriendly, easily available, cost effective, nontoxic and noninflammable, they can also be used as an effective naturalalternative to synthetic mounting media as they have goodrefractive index. Study aimed to evaluate and compare theefficacy of honey and castor oil with D.P.X as a mountingmedium.Material and Methods: Six paraffin-embedded blocks with aconfirmed histopathological diagnosis of pyogenic granulomawere taken from the archives. Three sections were taken fromeach block and subjected to routine H & E staining procedures,and later they were mounted with three different mountingmedia and analyzed for different parameters.Result: The results were tabulated. Krushkal wallis test wasused for comparing the results. Statistically significant resultswere observed for different mounting media and castor oilshowed better details of cellular architecture than D.P.X andhoney.Conclusion: Both Castor oil and honey as a mounting mediashowed a superior quality over D.P.X due to their propertiesbut they do not adhere to the slide as well as cover slip withlack of adhesive agents. Both can be used as an alternative toD.P.X with the addition of some adhesive agents because theyare having a good refractive index.

Synthesis and physicochemical studies of vanillin chalcones / Síntesis y estudios fisicoquímicos de vainillin-chalconas

SUMMARY Some chalcone compounds are synthesized and their characterization was done by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Some physicochemical properties such as acoustical properties, refractive index, conductance and partition coefficient have been studied for these synthesized compounds in N, N-dimethyl formamide and chloroform at 303.15 K. The studied properties are useful in QSAR studies and applications of these compounds in various other fields. It is observed that these parameters are affected by solvent and substitutions present in compounds.

RESUMEN Se sintetizaron algunos compuestos del tipo chalcona y su caracterizaron mediante técnicas espectroscópicas tales como IR, RMN y espectrometría de masa. Algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas tales como propiedades acústicas, índice de refracción, conductancia y coeficiente de reparto se estudiaron, para los compuestos sintetizados, en N,N-dimetil formamida y cloroformo a 303,15 K. Las propiedades estudiadas son útiles en estudios QSAR y en aplicaciones de estos compuestos en otros campos. Se observa que estos parámetros se ven afectados por el disolvente y las sustituciones presentes en los compuestos.

Rapid Determination of Iohexol Injection by a Refractive Index Method / 中国药师

Objective:To develop a stoichiometric relationship between iohexol injection and its refractive index. Methods: Ru-dolph J257 and Mettler Toledo RE40D were adopted to determine the refractive index of iohexol injection produced by different facto-ries. The relationship between the refractive index and the concentration of iohexol determined by potentiometric titration was described as C=2.828R-3.769. Results:The relative deviation of simulated content calculated by the stoichiometric and titration content was less than 2%. Little contribution by excipients could be ignored. Conclusion:The proposed method shows simplicity,rapidity and ac-curacy,which can be applied in the process control and the market supervision of iohexol.

Simultaneous Determination of Taurine and Aminocaproic Acid in Compound Taurine Eye Drops by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Refractive Index Detector / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HPLC-RID method for the simultaneous determination of taurine and aminocaproic acid in compound taurine eye drops. Methods:A Waters NH2column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used, the mobile phase was water-acetonitrile (40:60) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml·min-1, the column temperature was 35.0℃, and the temperatures of the detector reference cell and the sample cell were both set at 35.0℃,The injection volume was 20 μl. Results:The linear ranges of taurine and aminocaproic acid were 0.05-2.00 mg·ml-1(r = 0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.57% (RSD = 1.07%,n= 9) and 100.69% (RSD =0.75%,n =9),respectively. Conclusion:The established method is accurate,simple and rapid, and suitable for the quality control of compound taurine eye drops.

Analysis of Glycosyls Profile of Aroma Glycosides in Meili Grape by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-RefractiveIndex Detector with Amino Column / 分析化学

A high performance liquid chromatography method based on amino column to uncover the glycosyls of aroma glycosides in Meili grape was established.Meili grapes were sampled from Yangling, Shaanxi province, China.Aroma glycosides in grape skins were extracted by extraction buffer (0.1 mol/L Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, pH 7.0, 13% ethanol (V/V)), then enzymatically hydrolysed by AR2000 enzyme preparation in citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), and the glycosyls liberated were isolated by amino column, and determined by high performance liquid chromatography-refractive index detector (HPLC-RID).The HPLC-RID experimental conditions were developed as follows: amino column temperature 35℃, RID temperature 35℃, injection volume 20 μL, mobile phase acetonitrile/ethyl acetate/water=60∶25∶15 (V/V), flow rate 1 mL/min.The results showed that the reasonable linearity was achieved for rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, apiose and glucose (R2>0.996), with the detection limit (LOD) of 93-123 mg/L and quantitation limit (LOQ) of 309-409 mg/L.The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=10) of the peaks of each monosaccharide (5 g/L) was 2.3%-6.4%, and the recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 125.7%.The molar percentages of the aroma glycosides in Meili grape were 4.1%-6.1% for 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2.3%-8.8% for 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 0.1%-3.9% for 6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 5.5%-9.8% for 6-O-α-L-apiofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 76.3%-86.8% for 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside.The contents of each aroma glycoside and the total glycosides in Meili grape didn′t show obvious relationship with berry maturity index during grape maturity.

La mitocondria como un sistema de multicapas ópticas para la propagación de los campos electromagnéticos

El artículo propone estudiar la propagación de los campos electromagnéticos a través de la mitocondria. Se presenta un modelo simplificado de la mitocondria como un sistema periódico de multicapas de índices de refracción alternantes. Mediante el método de transferencia matricial se calcula la dependencia, la reflectancia y transmitancia en función de la longitud de onda del campo electromagnético incidente. Se observa la existencia de una región de longitudes de onda (o frecuencia prohibidas) en la cual no existe propagación de los campos a través del sistema, esto corresponde a una reflectancia máxima R=1.

The article aims to study the propagation of electromagnetic fields through the mitochondria. We present a simplified model of the mitochondrion as a periodic multilayer of alternating refractive indices. Using the transfer matrix method calculates dependence reflectance and transmittance versus wavelength of incident electromagnetic field. Observe the existence of a wavelength region (or prohibited frequency) in which there is no spread of the fields through the system, this corresponds to a maximum reflectance R = 1.

O artigo tem como objetivo estudar a propagação de campos eletromagnéticos através das mitocôndrias. Nós apresentamos um modelo simplificado da mitocôndria como uma multicamada periódica de alternância de índices de refração. Utilizando o método de matriz de transferência calcula reflectância dependência e transmitância contra o comprimento de onda de campo eletromagnético incidente. Note-se a existência de uma região de comprimento de onda (ou frequência proibida) em que não há nenhuma propagação dos campos através do sistema, isto corresponde a um máximo de reflectância R = 1.

Study of some properties of cyanopyridine derivatives in solutions / Estudio de las propiedades de algunos derivados de cianopiridina en solución

Some new cyanopyridine derivatives have been synthesized and their characterization was done by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Further, some physicochemical properties such as density, refractive index, conductance etc. have been studied for these synthesized compounds, in different solvents at 308.15 K.

Se sintetizaron algunos derivados de cianopiridina y se caracterizaron mediante IR, RMN 1H y espectrometría de masa. Además, para los mismos compuestos se determinaron algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas tales como densidad, índice de refracción y conductancia, en diferentes solventes a 308,15 K.

Investigation of Volumetric and Optical Properties of Anti-Emetic Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Drug in Aqueous-Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) Solutions At 303.15.

In view of pharmaceutical applications, the density (ρ) and refractive index (nD) of antiemetic metoclopramide hydrochloride monohydrate (MHM) drug in aqueous, aqueous-DMSO and DMSO solutions were measured at 303.15 K in the wide range of concentration of drug. Apparent molar volumes (φv) were calculated from density data and fitted to the Masson relation to determine partial molar volume (φ °v) of drug. Overall, strong drugsolvent interactions with significant structural changes in pure and mixed solvents have been confirmed.

lnfluence of lOL refractive index on straylight level following cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AlM:To investigate the influence of lOL refractive index ( Rl ) on measurement of straylight following cataract surgery.?METHODS:ln this case-control study, 77 eyes of 77 age-related cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with posterior chamber aspherical arylic lOL implantation surgery in the Eye Hospital of China Medical University from Aug 2013 to Mar 2014, with a best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) of 0. 5 or better, were classified into 3 groups randomly using 3 types of lOL: Tecnis ZCB00 Group ( Rl = 1. 47, 22 eyes of 22 subjects); Hoya PY60AD Group ( Rl=1. 52, 24 eyes of 24 subjects);Alcon SN60WF or lQ Group ( Rl=1. 55, 31 eyes of 31 subjects ) . BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism, axial length, intraocular straylight were measured respectively.? RESULTS: Age, axial length, BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism of the three groups were not significant difference (P>0. 05). The straylight of Tecnis, Hoya, lQ group were 1.04±0. 15, 1. 19±0. 14, 1. 14±0. 18. Straylight levels had significant differences among three groups ( F=5. 352, P = 0. 007 0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Patients chosen the higher Rl lOL may have a higher straylight level after the surgery.

Studies Involving a Commercial Extract of Three Ballerina: ii- Evaluation of the in Vitro Effect on the Labeling of Blood Constituents of rats with Technetium-99m and on the Morphology of the Red Blood Cell.

The aim of this work is to characterize (electric conductivity and refractive index) a Three Ballerina (TB) and to evaluate its in vitro effect on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphology of the red blood cells (RBC). Anticoagulated whole blood (Wistar rat) was incubated with a TB extract and the labeling of the blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc) was performed. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated and aliquots were also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid to separate soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF). The %ATI in these samples was calculated. The morphology of the treated RBC showed no shape’s qualitative alterations. The TB extract was characterized with an electric conductivity of 1.35±0.04mSv/cm and refractive index of 2.21±0.15%BRIX. TB extract decreased significantly (p<0.05) the radioactivity distribution in the cellular compartment from 96.97±1.30% to 88.48±7.13%, and in IF-P from 74.29±4.12 to 14.26±5.73%. In conclusion, our data show some physical chemical parameters that could be suitable to characterize the preparation of an extract of TB. Moreover, substances present in the TB extract should probably have an effect on transport of the ions through the RBC membrane and/or should have redoxi properties and the stannous ion would decrease and could justify the effect on the fixation of the radioactivity on the plasma proteins. Moreover, although our experiments were carried out with animals, it is suggested precaution in the interpretation of the examinations that use labeled blood constituents in patients who are undergone TB extract.

índices de refrccción, densidades y propiedadesderivadas de mezclas binarias dde solventes hidroxílicos con líquidos iónicos (1-etil-3-metilimidazolio etilsulfato y 1-metil-3-metilimidazolio metilsulfato) de 298,15 a 318,15 k / Refractive indcees, density and derivative properties of binar mixtures hydrooxylic solvents with ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate and 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate) from 298.15 k to 318.15 k / índices de rfraçção, densidade e suas propriedades derivadas de misturas binárias de solventes hidroxílicos com líquido iônico (etilsulfato 1-etil-3-metilimidazólio e metilsulfato 1-metil-3-metilimidazólio) de 298,15 k ao 318,15 k

Se midieron densidades e índices de refracción de mezclas binarias de agua, metanol y etanol con 1-Etil-3-metilimidazolio Etilsulfato (EMIM-EtSO4) y de etanol con 1-Metil-3-metilimidazolio Metilsulfato (MMIM-MeSO4) en el rango de temperatura de (298,15, 308,15 y 318,15) K. Se calcularon los volúmenes de exceso molar (V M E) y la desviación del índice de refracción (d n ), que se ajustaron a una ecuación polinomial de Redlich-Kister de orden cuatro.

Densities and refractive indices of binary mixtures of water, methanol and ethanol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate (EMIM-EtSO4) and ethanol with 1-Methyl-3-methylimidazolium Methylsulfate (MMIM-MeSO4) in the temperature range (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K were measured. The excess of molar volumes (V M E) and the deviation of the refractive index (d n ), were fitted to an order fourth polynomial equation of Redlich-Kister.

Determinam-se densidades e índices de refração de misturas binárias de água, metanol e etanol com 1-Etil-3-metilimidazólio Etilsulfato (EMIM-EtSO4) e de etanol com 1-Metil-3-metilimidazólio Metilsulfato (MMIM-MeSO4) no intervalo de temperatura (298,15, 308,15 e 318,15) K. Se calcularam os volumes de excesso molar (V M E) eo desvio do índice de refração (d n ), ajustados áuma equação polinomial de Redlich-Kisterde ordem quatro.

Optical characteristics of resin composite before and after polymerization / 대한치과보존학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the optical characteristics such as color and translucency changes before and after light curing, to quantify the CQ and to measure refractive indices of body and opaque shade of resin composites materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resin composites used in this study were A2 body and A2 opaque shade of Esthet-X, Filtek supreme, Gradia Direct, Clearfil Majesty and Beautifil?? Color and translucency changes before and after light curing were evaluated by colorimeter, the CQ was quantified by GC-MS and refractive index changes were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometer. RESULTS: Translucency parameter (TP) was significantly increased after curing. The CQ content of body shades are higher than that of opaque shades in all resin composites. Refractive index increased after polymerization in all materials and significant difference in Deltarefractive index was found between body and opaque shade (significance level 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For an accurate shade match, direct shade matching of resin composite should be performed by using the cured material.

Relación entre índice de refracción y sólidos totales en extractos acuosos de Calendula officinalis L. (caléndula) y Ocimum sanctum L (albahaca morada) / Association of the refractive index and the total solids in aqueous extracts from Calendula officinalis L (caléndula) and Ocimum sanctum L (albahaca morada)

INTRODUCCIÓN: los extractos acuosos de Ocimum sanctum L. y de Calendula officinalis L. tienen importancia para la elaboración de medicamentos herbarios. La concentración es uno de los pasos más importantes en el proceso de obtención de extractos acuosos secos. A escalas piloto e industrial, donde los volúmenes de extracto que se obtienen son mayores, resulta muy económica y factible la utilización del índice de refracción como parámetro de control de calidad que da un criterio indirecto de la concentración del extracto en cuestión. OBJETIVO: estudiar el comportamiento del índice de refracción contra la variación de la concentración de sólidos totales y determinar la ecuación que describe el proceso, para facilitar la estandarización del extracto y el paso de concentración. MÉTODOS: se realizaron las respectivas mediciones de índice de refracción a diferentes concentraciones de sólidos totales. RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron las curvas de mejor ajuste y la demostración estadística de su significación y la de los modelos utilizados para los extractos acuosos de O. sanctum y de C. officinalis, lo cual permite utilizar estas ecuaciones para agilizar el control de calidad en los procesos de concentración. CONCLUSIONES: las ecuaciones definidas a partir de los modelos de ajuste lineal permiten, perfectamente, realizar determinaciones de los sólidos totales a partir del índice de refracción, durante los procesos de concentración para ambos extractos acuosos.

INTRODUCTION: the aqueous extracts from Ocimum sanctum L. and Calendula officinalis L. are important to produce herbal medicines. The concentration is one of the fundamental steps in the process of obtaining dry aqueous extracts. At pilot and industrial scales, in which the extract volumes are higher, it is very economical and feasible to use the refractive index as quality control parameter since it provides an indirect criterion about the extract concentration. OBJECTIVE: to study the behaviour of the refractive index against the total solid concentration variations and thus to estimate the equation describing this process in order to make the standardization of the extract and the concentration step easier. METHODS: refractive index measurements at various total solid concentrations were made. RESULTS: the best fitted curves as well as the statistical demonstration of their significance and that of the models used for O. sanctum and C. officinalis aqueous extracts were estimated, which allows using these equations to facilitate the quality control in the concentration process. CONCLUSIONS: the equations based on the linear fit models make it possible to determine total solids for both aqueous extracts by using the refractive index.

Detection of adulterated copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) oil-resins by refractive index and thin layer chromatography / Detecção de óleo-resinas de copaíba adulterados através do índice de refração e da cromatografia de camada delgada

The refractive indices (RI) of the eight samples of copaiba oils, collected for this study at RDS Tupé ranged from 1.50284 to 1.50786. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates of these oils revealed with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent showed dark lilac stains with several small stains at low Rf and a large rounded stain at high Rf. On the other hand, the twelve copaiba oils purchased at local markets presented RI between 1.48176 and 1.50886, and the TLC plates, showed as general profile blue stains, with smaller superimposed stains at low Rf, bigger superimposed stains like elongated stain at high Rf and a colorless rounded stain at middle Rf. Among 12 purchased oils at local markets, a) three oil-resins presented similar RI and TLC profile to those observed for collected copaiba oils; b) six oils showed same RI and TLC profiles to those observed for soybean oil; c) three samples presented RI near to those showed by copaiba oil-resin, however the TLC profile was near to profile observed for a prepared mixture soybean oil: copaiba oil, two samples with 3:1 proportion and one sample with 1:3 proportion. Therefore, the RI determination and the TLC profiles could be considered rapid and efficient procedures for detection of vegetal oil in the copaiba oil-resins.

Os índices de refração (IR) de oito amostras de óleo resina de copaíba coletadas para este estudo na RDS Tupé variaram de 1,50284 a 1,50786. As placas de cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD) dos óleo-resinas, reveladas com o reagente anisaldeído-ácido sulfúrico, apresentaram um perfil cromatográfico característico, com manchas em lilás escura com várias manchas menores na parte do Rf baixo e uma grande mancha arredondada, no Rf alto. Por outro lado, as doze amostras de óleo de copaíba adquiridas no mercado local apresentaram IR entre 1,48176 a 1,50886, e, as placas de CCD apresentaram como perfil característico geral manchas de cor azul, com manchas superpostas menores no Rf baixo, manchas superpostas maiores com aparência alongada no Rf alto e uma mancha arredondada incolor no Rf intermediário. Dentre os doze óleos adquiridos do mercado, a) três óleo-resinas apresentaram IR e perfil CCD semelhantes aos de amostras de óleo de copaíbas coletadas; b) seis óleos apresentaram o mesmo IR e perfil em CCD do óleo de soja; e, c) três amostras apresentaram IR semelhantes aos da amostra do Tupé, porém com o perfil cromatográfico semelhante à uma mistura de óleo de soja: óleo de copaíba, sendo duas na proporção de 3:1 e uma na proporção de 1:3. Portanto, a determinação do IR e a análise do perfil em CCD podem ser considerados ensaios rápidos e eficientes para a detecção de óleos vegetais em óleo-resina de copaíba.

Análisis de la calidad técnica de los lentes deventa libre con el referente de lentes oftálmicosen pacientes présbitas / Analysis of the technical quality of freedom sale lens with reference in presbiopye patients’ ophthalmic lenses

Los lentes de venta libre, fabricados industrialmente, se adquieren en diferentes lugares sin previo conocimientode su calidad y sin la orientación del personalcalificado.Objetivo: establecer la calidad óptica de los lentes de venta libre.Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron 50 anteojos de venta libre, que fueron elegidos por cada paciente escogiendo la corrección con la que se sentían más cómodos para su trabajo en visión próxima. Después del uso durante 15 días de los lentes descritos, se reemplazaroncon lentes oftálmicos en material CR-39 y la prescripción correspondiente, usados el mismo tiempo. Mediante la construcción de un refractómetro,se determinó la distancia focal y el índice de refracción,obteniendo el número ABBE y la reflectancia.Se midió el poder de vértice posterior, espesor, ságita y densidad.Resultados: con respecto al poder, el paciente siemprese inclinó a escoger los lentes de venta libre que tuvieran mayor aumento, con el fin de buscar magnificación,demostrándose que son pacientes hipercorregidos.Además, la rotulación del poder de estos lentes no correspondió en el 40 por ciento de los casos. La densidad promedio de los lentes de venta libre dio 1,18 g/cm3, el índice de refracción promedio 1,560 y un número ABBE promedio de 30.Conclusiones: debido a estas características los lentes tienen menor espesor, menor peso y mayor dispersión cromática que los lentes de referencia CR-39.

The nonprescription lenses, industrially manufactured,are acquired in different places, without prior knowledge of their quality and without the guidance of qualified personnel.Objective: to establish the optical quality of nonprescriptionlenses.Methods: we used 50 nonprescription eyeglasses, which were elected for each patient in choosing the correction with which they felt more comfortable for her work in next vision. After use by 15 days of the lenses described, is by contrast material in ophthalmiclenses CR-39 and the prescription, used the same time. By building a refractometer, it was determined the focal length and the index of refraction, obtainingthe number ABBE and reflectance. We measuredpower of posterior index, thickness and density Sagita.Results: with regard to power, the patient is always inclined to choose the nonprescription lenses with greater increases in order to seek magnification, showing that patients are overcorrect, plus signs of the power of these lenses, not accounted for 40 percent of the cases. The average density of the nonprescriptionlenses was 1.18 g/cm3, the index of refraction 1560 and an average number ABBE average of 30.Conclusions: Because of these characteristics lenses are less thick, less weight, more chromatic dispersionthat lenses reference CR-39.

Óleo de oliva - avaliação de sua qualidade / Olive oil - quality evaluation

Existem algumas misturas de óleos que, pela composiçao de seus ácidos g raxos, podem ser adicionadas a óleos de oliva, sem que essa fraude possa ser detectada pelos processos clássicos, pois os índices físico-químicos do produto final caem dentro do intervalo característico do óleo de oliva puro. A cromatografia em fase gasosa foi empregada para a obtenção do perfil cromatográfico dos ácidos g raxos do óleo de oliva, do de soja e do de babaçu, bem como de misturas, preparadas no laboratório, de dois ou três dos referidos óleos. Foram também determinados os índices de iodo e de refração dos óleos puros e das misturas de óleos. Pela presença dos ácidos g raxos capr ílico, cáprico, láurico e mirístico, e pela composição relativa dos demais ácidos, foi possível detectar a presença de óleo de babaçu e de óleo de soja em óleos de oliva, mesmo quando os índices físico-químicos indicavam óleo de olíva puro. Durante o período de janeiro de 1979 a dezembro de 1980, foram analisadas 190 amostras de óleos de oliva, expostos ao consumo em São Paulo, provenientes do exterior, sendo que os óleos enlatados no país de origem eram puros, enquanto que 42%... (AU).