Análisis epidemiológico multicéntrico de las fracturas de cadera en Uruguay: importancia y planificación de un registro nacional / Multicenter epidemiological analysis of hip fractures in Uruguay: importance and planning of a national register / Análise epidemiológica multicêntrica de fraturas de quadril no Uruguai: importância e planejamento de um registro nacional

Introducción: La incidencia de fracturas de cadera presenta un aumento dramático desde la mediana edad, constituyendo un problema de salud prevalente en adultos mayores. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los registros internacionales de fracturas de cadera y un estudio epidemiológico multicéntrico para conocer la incidencia, los costos y la mortalidad de esta patología en nuestro país. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda, revisión y análisis de todos los registros internacionales de fracturas de cadera existentes en el mundo. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo observacional retrospectivo y multicéntrico en 4 instituciones de pacientes mayores de 50 años intervenidos quirúrgicamente con osteosíntesis por fractura de cadera en el año 2019. En los datos anonimizados se evaluaron edad, sexo, tipo de fractura, incidencia y costos. Se incluyeron y asociaron, además, datos estadísticos y económicos del Registro del Fondo Nacional de Recursos. Se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS para establecer asociaciones univariadas, bivariadas y multivariadas. Para comparar las proporciones se empleó el test estadístico de chi cuadrado. Resultados: Se resume la revisión de registros en una tabla. El análisis multicéntrico contó con 646 pacientes con fracturas de cadera. Destacamos la alta prevalencia de esta patología en pacientes mayores de 79 años (63,1%) y en el sexo femenino (77,6%), en concordancia con los registros internacionales, con asociación significativa entre ambas variables (p < 0,0001). A diferencia de otros registros, y quizás dato erróneo, la fractura más frecuente fue la del cuello de fémur (43%). El tiempo entre la fractura y la cirugía y los días de internación fueron de 2,6 y 7,2 días, respectivamente, en la institución de asistencia más efectiva. Nuestro cálculo mostró una incidencia de fractura de cadera en Uruguay que oscila entre 235 y 391 en 100.000 habitantes mayores de 50 años. El costo calculado de la serie evaluada fue de unos U$S 2.855.320 y, en general, esta patología provoca un gasto para nuestro país que se aproxima a U$S 20.000.000 por año. Conclusión: La fractura de cadera presenta una elevada incidencia, costos y morbimortalidad en la población de adultos mayores, comparable con datos internacionales. Es necesario contar con un Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera que permita conocer datos estadísticos certeros para poder establecer políticas adecuadas de prevención, tratamiento y control de gastos.

Introduction: The incidence of hip fractures dramatically increases from middle age on, posing a prevalent health problem in elderly people. A literature review of the international hip fracture registers, as well as a multicenter, epidemiological study were carried out in order to assess the incidence, costs, and mortality of this pathology in our country. Material and methods: All international hip fracture registers in the world were searched, reviewed and analyzed. An observational, retrospective, multicenter descriptive analysis was then carried out in 4 health-care centers for patents over 50 years of age who underwent surgery with osteosynthesis due to hip fracture in 2019. Age, sex, type of fracture, incidence and costs were assessed from the anonymized data. Statistical and economic data from the National Resources Fund Register were also included and associated. The SPSS statistical software was used to establish univariate, bivariate, and multivariate associations. The chi-squared statistical test was used to compare proportions. Results: Review of the registers is summarized in a table. The multicenter analysis included 646 patients with hip fractures. Worth of note is the high prevalence of this pathology in patients over 79 years of age (63.1%) and females (77.6%), in line with the international registers, and a significant association between both variables (p < 0.0001). Unlike other registers, and probably due to inaccurate data, the most frequent fracture was that of femoral neck (43%). The time from fracture to surgery and inpatient days were 2.6 and 7.2 days, respectively, in the most effective health care center. Our calculation showed a hip fracture incidence in Uruguay between 235 and 391 per 100,000 inhabitants over 50 years of age. The estimated cost of the assessed series was about U$S 2,855,320, and in general this pathology generates an annual expense of about U$S 20,000,000 for our country. Conclusion: Hip fractures have high incidence, costs and mortality and morbidity in the elderly population comparable with international data. It is necessary to have a National Hip Fracture Register that provides accurate statistical data in order to establish adequate prevention, treatment and cost control policies.

Introdução: A incidência de fraturas de quadril apresenta um aumento dramático a partir da meia-idade, constituindo um problema de saúde prevalente em idosos. Uma revisão bibliográfica dos Registros Internacionais de Fratura de Quadril e um estudo epidemiológico multicêntrico foram realizados para determinar a incidência, os custos e a mortalidade dessa patologia em nosso país. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca, revisão e análise de todos os Registros Internacionais de fraturas de quadril existentes no mundo. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise observacional descritiva retrospectiva e multicêntrica, em 4 Instituições, de pacientes maiores de 50 anos, submetidos à cirurgia com osteossíntese, para fratura de quadril em 2019. Nos dados anônimos foram avaliados idade e sexo, tipo de fratura , incidência e custos. Dados estatísticos e econômicos do Registro do Fundo Nacional de Recursos também foram incluídos e associados. O software estatístico SPSS foi usado para estabelecer associações univariadas, bivariadas e multivariadas. O teste estatístico do qui quadrado foi usado para comparar as proporções. Resultados: a revisão dos registros é resumida em uma tabela. A análise multicêntrica incluiu 646 pacientes com fraturas de quadril. Destaca-se a alta prevalência dessa patologia em pacientes maiores de 79 anos (63,1%) e no sexo feminino (77,6%), de acordo com registros internacionais, com associação significativa entre as duas variáveis ​​(p <0,0001). Ao contrário de outros registros, e talvez dados errôneos, a fratura mais frequente foi a do colo do fêmur (43%). O tempo decorrido entre a fratura e a cirurgia e os dias de internação foram de 2,6 e 7,2 dias, respectivamente, na instituição assistencial mais efetiva. Nosso cálculo mostrou uma incidência de fratura de quadril no Uruguai, variando entre 235 e 391 em 100.000 habitantes com mais de 50 anos de idade. O custo calculado da série avaliada foi em torno de US $ 2.855.320 e, em geral, essa patologia acarreta um gasto para o nosso país que é próximo a US $ 20.000.000 por ano. Conclusão: A fratura de quadril tem alta incidência, custo e morbimortalidade na população idosa, comparável a dados internacionais. É necessário um Cadastro Nacional de Fraturas de Quadril, que permita conhecer dados estatísticos precisos, para estabelecer políticas adequadas de prevenção, tratamento e controle de custos.

Registro Costarricense de Resincronizadores, Desfibriladores Automáticos y Marcapasos Endovasculares (RECORDAME). I Informe oficial de la Comisión de Electrofisiología de la Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología (2019-2020) / Costa Rican Registry of Resynchronizers, Automatic Defibrillators and Endovascular Pacemakers (RECORDAME). I Official Report of the Electrophysiology Commission of the Costa Rican Cardiology Association (2019-2020)

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Comunicar el primer informe del del registro nacional de dispositivos de estimulación cardíaca de agosto 2019 a agosto 2020, registro prospectivo de participación voluntaria. Métodos: Se analiza la información registrada, en forma voluntaria, por los centros implantadores con respecto a la población de pacientes a quienes se implantó un marcapaso, un desfibrilador o un resincronizador entre el 22 de agosto de 2019 hasta setiembre de 2020. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 317 procedimientos de marcapasos, por 10 centros implantadores, lo que corresponde a una participación en el registro de un 40%. La tasa de uso de marcapasos de 6,27 x 100 mil habitantes. Un 83% de los marcapasos fueron implantados en centros públicos, un 70% correspondió a dispositivos bicamerales. La edad media de la población fue de 73,7 años. La indicación más frecuente fue el trastorno de conducción AV (70,3%). Los electrodos de fijación activa fueron los más utilizados (97,8%). Un 83,3% de los sistemas implantados tuvieron compatibilidad con resonancia magnética. El uso de marcapasos unicamerales fue más frecuente en pacientes con 80 o más años. Con respecto a la terapia DAI se registraron un total de 63 procedimientos, por 5 centros implantadores, con una participación del 41%. La tasa total de implantes durante el período fue de 1,25 x 100 mil habitantes. La cardiomiopatía dilatada no isquémica fue la cardiopatía más frecuente en la población registrada. Conclusiones: El registro permite conocer la dinámica de procedimientos e indicaciones más usuales para el uso de dispositivos electrónicos cardíacos así como establecer la tasa de uso de las terapias en nuestro país. El porcentaje de participación en el registro puede mejorar. La implantación de dispositivos de estimulación cardíaca es financiada predominantemente por el sistema de seguridad social. La tasa de implantación es baja con respecto a otras regiones.

Abstract Costa Rican Registry of Resynchronizers, Automatic Defibrillators and Endovascular Pacemakers (RECORDAME). I Official Report of the Electrophysiology Commission of the Costa Rican Cardiology Association (2019-2020) Introduction and objective: To communicate the results of the first national registry of cardiac stimulation devices from August 2019 to August 2020. Methods: We analyze the information recorded prospectively, on a voluntary basis, by the implant centers with respect to the population of patients who were implanted with a pacemaker, a defibrillator or a resynchronizer between August 22, 2019 and September 2020. Results: A total of 317 pacemaker procedures were registered from 10 centers participated. Participation was 40% of total procedures reported by companies. The pacemaker implantation rate was 6.27 per hundred thousand. A 83% of pacemakers were implanted in public centers, 70% corresponded to dual chamber devices. Mean age of the population was 73.7 years. Most frequent indication was AV conduction disorder (70.3%). Active fixation electrodes were the most used (97.8%). A 83.3% were MRI conditional. Use of single chamber pacemakers was more frequent in patients aged 80 years or older. Regarding ICD therapy, a total of 63 procedures were registered. from 5 centers, with a participation of 41%. Rate of ICD use was 1.25 per hundred thousand. Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy was the most common heart disease in the recorded population. Conclusions: The registry allowed to know the frequency of procedures and more usual indications as well as to establish the rate of use of therapies in our country. The percentage of participation in the registration can be improved. The implementation of cardiac stimulation devices is predominantly financed by the social security system. The implantation rate is low compared to other regions.

Consumo de licopeno en varones adultos de Panamá: relacionado a un alto consumo de productos ultra-procesados derivados del tomate / Lycopene consumption related to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods derived from tomatoes among Panamanian adult males

RESUMEN Antecedentes: En Panamá se desconoce el consumo de licopeno en la dieta usual de población masculina adulta. Varios estudios reportan la relación entre el consumo de licopeno y el cáncer de próstata. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la ingesta de licopeno en varones adultos que acuden a dos Centros de Salud de la Provincia de Panamá. En un estudio analítico y transversal, participaron 130 hombres adultos (18-70 años) perteneciente a los Centros de Salud de Pueblo Nuevo y Parque Lefevre de Ciudad de Panamá en marzo-agosto 2018. Se aplicó cuestionario sociodemográfico y frecuencia de consumo semi-cuantitativa de 12 alimentos conocidos como fuentes de licopeno. Se realizó regresión lineal multivariada empleando método de paso a paso. Resultados: La media geométrica y rango de ± 1DE para ingesta de licopeno fue 6,8(2,5-18,6) mg/día. Sin embargo, en sujetos indígenas, ingesta de licopeno fue 3,4(0,8-14,4) mg/día. Luego de ajustar por edad, lugar, ingresos económicos y errores estándares robustos, pertenecer a una etnia indígena se asoció negativamente con ingesta dietética de licopeno, β= −4,8 mg/día; e IC95%= −9,4 a −0,2 mg/día. Conclusión: La ingesta de licopeno se encuentra dentro de rangos esperados. El mayor consumo se encontró en alimentos ultra-procesados derivados del tomate.

ABSTRACT Background: In Panama, the dietary consumption of lycopene of the male population is unknown. Several studies report the relationship between lycopene consumption and prostate cancer. Objective: To determine the intake of lycopene in adult males who attend two primary health facilities the Province of Panama. Material and methods: We conducted an analytical and cross-sectional study of 130 males (18-70 years) who attend the Pueblo Nuevo and Parque Lefevre health facilities in Panama City. The study was carried-out from March to August 2018. A sociodemographic survey and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were applied and multivariable linear regression using stepwise method was used. Results: The geometric mean and range (±1SD) of the total lycopene consumption was 6.8 (2.5-18.6) mg/day of lycopene. However, in indigenous people, lycopene intake was 3.4 (0.8-14.4) mg/day. After adjustment by age, place, income and standard robust errors, indigenous ethnicity was negatively associated with lycopene dietary intake, β= −4.8 mg/day; and 95% CI= −9.4 to-0.2 mg/day Conclusion: Lycopene intake is within the expected ranges. Indigenous ethnicity was negatively associated with lycopene dietary intake. The highest consumption was found in tomato-derived processed foods.

Establishment of diabetes association to enhance peer-education and self-management: perceptions of residents from Ogwashi-Uku and Ubulu-Unor communities in Delta state, Nigeria

Background: Diabetes epidemic is an evolving phenomenon in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. Most African governments are showing strong desire to reversing the current trend. However, information on the perception and readiness of rural and suburban community dwellers towards managing this disease need to be gathered.Methods: This was mixed methods including descriptive observational study and survey regarding establishment of a diabetic network in the rural and suburban localities. Quantitative screening data were collected to assess prevalence of diabetes or prediabetes, as well as investigate the perceptions of diabetic and non-diabetic residents. Establishment of diabetes register was initiated. 180 complete questionnaires were included for analysis, though 199 consented to participate. In the qualitative phase of the research, a convenience sampling questionnaire and focus group discussion on their perception about diabetes association or network. Their perceived response and opinions were then documented.Results: Among the participants, approximately 12% prevalence of diabetes and 10% prediabetes were observed. 19/25 cases of diabetes were entered in the register. Over 43% of the population never heard about diabetes association/network, but 72% of the diabetes cohort are willing to join diabetes network. A greater fraction of the suburban patients seems more aware, but willingness to accept diabetes is higher in the rural community.Conclusions: Most of the persons living with diabetes, and their relatives, are willingly to join diabetes network as well as encourage such organisation in their communities. Given the level of unawareness, there is need to establish diabetic association and advance the benefits.

Development of diabetes register in low-mid income country VII: summary of series

Background: This is a summarizing discussion of the series. Six pieces of articles have been presented including two pilot studies and survey of the perception of healthcare professionals. The other four presented case observations from the different levels of health facilities.Methods: In this summary, a comparison between the four grades of facilities is presented with focus on completeness of patients’ contact details and clinical information regarding basic anthropometric data that can be easily collected anywhere.Results: It shows evidence that capacity and scope of diabetes services are in tandem i.e., least at the primary level and most at the tertiary facility. It also shows albeit anecdotal that the private general practices may be doing best in what they have capacity to do.Conclusions: The capacity for diabetes service in all tiers of the healthcare system. The need to advocate for diabetes register as a means to improve quality of service is highlighted.

Diabetes registry and service in Nigerian suburban-based tertiary healthcare facility

Background: Diabetes register is a clinical tool necessary for patient management including follow-up and referral procedures. In the Bringing Research in Diabetes to Global Environments and Systems that is in progress in Delta State, Nigeria; part of focus is establishment of diabetes register at a tertiary health facility. This phase of the project aimed to establish a diabetes register and to assess the baseline data.Methods: This was a clinical observational descriptive study at Eku Baptist Government Hospital. The diabetes register developed as in previous report was adopted as a scale-up study. After due clearance from the hospital, patients’ hospital record files were screened for cases of diabetes and 70 files were identified. Data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel Data Analysis ToolPak 2010.Results: There was a 2/1 female/male ratio, while 6% were below 40 years. 90% of patients had blood glucose levels results that indicated poor diabetes control. There is problem of incomplete data collection, for instance <25% BMI data was available. Capability and opportunity for standard service, e.g. diabetic foot examination, lipid profile, renal and retinal assessment was available at the tertiary health facility to allow management and referral from other hospitals.Conclusions: This report highlights poor adherence to diabetes care practices by stakeholders. It underscores the need for motivation to improve the quality of clinical data collection vis-à-vis documentation that enables assessment of diabetes epidemiology, especially in a facility that has the capacity.

Diabetes registry and service in Nigerian suburban areas: experience at a secondary healthcare facility

Background: Disease registries help to provide quality healthcare, including chronic care. As part of ongoing bringing research in diabetes to global environments and systems 2 project in Delta State, Nigeria; a preliminary concern is completeness of clinical assessments and data collection that would enable patients’ follow-up. The aim of this piece of work is to investigate if data collected for local diabetes registry is complete and sufficient to provide better understanding of the disease epidemiology and treatment follow-up.Methods: This was a purposive medical records audit at public secondary level hospital that followed initial development of diabetes register at the Catholic Hospital, Abbi with 44 pieces of clinical and demographic information. At the public hospitals, 93 patients’ medical records were audited and the data were entered into the register and evaluated, descriptively.Results: The results show that about 52% of the 44 itemized information were collected, of which completeness of data/documentation was as low as 3% in some items. Blood pressure assessment was done on 70% of patients and 16% of patients had diabetes complications. Lifestyle regimen monitoring was not documented. Neither incidence nor morbidity and mortality rate could be definitively ascertained.Conclusions: Quality of clinical data documentation was poor. This study contributes a measure of community needs assessment for professional development training on diabetes.

Prospects of diabetes registry and standard care at primary health facilities in Nigeria: experiential note

Background: As part of the series to advance diabetes register, the aim of this piece of the project was to evaluate the development of a diabetes register at primary healthcare (PHC) level in Delta State Nigeria. This is with a view to determine the PHC capacity for diabetes services.Methods: This clinical observational study was carried out in Novena University health centre in Ukwani Local Government Area and Ogume primary health centre in Ndokwa West Local Government Area, Delta State. A community-based screening was carried out in three communities of Amai, Ezionum and Ogume in July to September 2018, after which a diabetes registers were developed in Novena University health and Ogume primary health centres. Cases of probable diabetes were identified during screening and entered into the diabetes register being developed, which formed the sampled population (n=42). The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel Data Analysis ToolPak 2010.Results: Glucometer, stethoscope and sphygmomanometer were the most available equipment at the two facilities. Medical records of patients were incomplete with 81% missing home addresses and 62% did not have phone numbers. Others records such as date of entry, height, weight and type of diabetes were not recorded. The study also showed 35% prevalence of hypertension in diabetes cases.Conclusions: There is capacity to run diabetes screening and service clinic at the primary healthcare levels, but the limitation was incomplete patient information in the medical records. In development of a diabetes registry at the primary healthcare level, the study recommends comprehensive patients’ documentation during screening and routine medical check-up.

Prospects of diabetes registry in suburban community of Nigeria: experience at a private general practice

Background: As part of series of advocacy on development of diabetes register, one of the target health facilities is private general practices. In suburban Kwale community Delta State, Donak hospital was chosen to study the process of developing and implementing diabetes register program. Specific objectives include to evaluate the extent of completeness of data for patients follow-up, diabetes services within the private practice based on data collection, prevalence of high blood pressure, and patients’ compliance with medical appointments.Methods: The study followed a clinical observational method and after necessary ethical considerations, medical information was gotten from the record unit Donak Hospital, Kwale. The patients identified as potential diabetes or prediabetes were contacted for follow-up and 113 (65 females and 48 males) participants consented, all adults. Data collection were those required for a diabetes register proforma and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Analysis Tool-pack. Results: There was no dedicated diabetes register per se except for usual medical records. The private practice has 100% record of contact details and blood pressure completeness for the participants. The scope of service offered to the patients was basically primary healthcare services. Over 50% of the participants have high blood pressure. On the patients’ compliance with medical check-up; only 23% of the participants complied with check-up appointments.Conclusions: The development of diabetes register in private practices can improve services. These services include documentation of appointments to enable follow-up strategies to encourage compliance to medical check-ups and a record diabetes education that may be provided.

Development of diabetes register in low-mid income country: survey of healthcare professionals’ behavioural change wheel

Background: There has been and ongoing research and development on diabetes care in Ndokwa community of Nigeria, and one of the items to be addressed is development of diabetes register in some of the health facilities. This study assesses the behavioural change wheel of the healthcare professionals to address the willingness of the primary healthcare providers willing to scale up and sustain the diabetes register; and how glycaemic control and metabolic syndrome factors in diabetes patients were assessed.Methods: The study adopted clinical observational approach and survey questionnaires. A descriptive cross sectional method evaluated how glycaemic control among diabetes patients (n=42) was assessed. Clinical observations were at Catholic Hospital Abbi, while the survey of healthcare professionals (n=71) included health facilities in other communities. Data from questionnaire and test results was analysed using Microsoft Excel Data Analysis Toolpak 2010.Results: It is observed that 62% wished they had a diabetes register. Over 50% of the patients showed presence of >2 metabolic syndrome indices. Further, ≈52% disagreed that diet, exercise, medication, quitting smoking and less stress contributed to effective control and management of diabetes.Conclusions: Most of the respondents thought that their practice did not have a special interest in diabetes. There is prevalence of metabolic syndrome, but the majority of healthcare professionals did not view lifestyle as effective to control diabetes. These observations highlight the need for diabetic education on healthcare professionals and patients.

Application of International Medical Device Electronic Registration / 中国医疗器械杂志

The eRPS system for medical device registration of National Medical Products Administration was officially launched on June 24, 2019. This paper focused on the following two aspects of the electronic declaration process of medical device regulatory agencies in the whole world:one is whether the electronic submission format is consistent, the other is whether the electronic submission path is convenient. Suggestions are put forward for the next nationwide implementation of the electronic submission so as to speed up the process of the electronization of medical device evaluation in China.

The Population Census in Austria / Os censos de população na Áustria / Los censos de población en Austria

Based on the Constitution, the Population Census in Austria is a matter of the central state, serving many political-administrative, planning, research, and other purposes. After its start as a systematic operation in the middle of the 18th century, it developed further by a modern legal basis in 1857 and advances in statistical technology in 1890 (punch cards) and 1971 (machine-readable questionnaires). In the second half of the 20th century, the Population Census became a comprehensive operation, including dwellings, buildings, and workplaces. The communes organized the classical method of on the spot household data collection on behalf of the state. The register-based Census replaced the household collection in 2011. Following a government decision of 2000, which aimed at the sole use of available micro-data, the first steps for creating the necessary administrative and statistical registers took place in conjunction with the last traditional census of 2001. With new provisions for linking the records, the Register Census Act of 2006, and a full test census in the same year, the new methodology was established and evaluated in a short period. The first regular Register Census "took place" with reference date 31 October 2011. It is described in the central part of this communication, featuring the advantages, strengths, and weaknesses, the backbone registers, the "comparison registers," and the redundancy principle, which help to ensure high data quality and the fit of the census into the international framework. Current developments include the annual update of results, changes and improvements in the data sources, and a short outlook on the next census of 2021.

Baseado na Constituição, o Censo Populacional na Áustria é uma questão do governo central e serve a muitos propósitos político-administrativos, de planejamento e pesquisa, entre outros. Após seu início, como uma operação sistemática, em meados do século XVIII, ele foi aperfeiçoado devido a uma nova base legal, em 1857, e aos avanços na tecnologia estatística, em 1890 (cartões perfurados) e 1971 (questionários lidos por máquinas). Na segunda metade do século XX, o censo populacional tornou-se uma operação abrangente, incluindo habitações, domicílios e locais de trabalho. O método clássico de coleta de dados no próprio domicílio, organizado pelos municípios em nome do Estado, foi substituído pelo censo baseado em registros, em 2011. Seguindo uma decisão governamental de 2000, cujo objetivo era o uso exclusivo dos microdados disponíveis, os primeiros passos para a criação dos registros administrativos e estatísticos necessários ocorreu conjuntamente com o último censo tradicional, de 2001. Com novas disposições para parear os registros, a Lei do Censo de Registros de 2006 e um censo- -teste completo no mesmo ano, a nova metodologia foi definida e avaliada em um curto período. O primeiro censo de registro teve como referência 31 de outubro de 2011. Sua descrição, na parte principal deste texto, apresenta as vantagens, os pontos fortes e fracos, os registros mais relevantes ("espinha dorsal"), os registros de comparação e o princípio da redundância, que ajudam a manter a qualidade dos dados e adequação do censo ao arcabouço internacional. Desenvolvimentos atuais incluem atualizações anuais dos resultados, mudanças e melhorias nas fontes de dados. É apresentado, também, um breve panorama do próximo censo, em 2021.

Sobre la base de la Constitución el censo de población es un asunto estatal central en Austria, con arreglo a diversos fines politicoadministrativos, de planificación e investigación, entre otros. Luego de haber comenzado como operación sistemática a mediados del siglo XVIII, se desarrolló luego como sobre bases legales modernas en 1857 y avanzó en tecnología estadística en 1890 (tarjetas perforadas) y en 1971 (cuestionarios legibles por máquinas). En la segunda mitad del siglo XX el censo de población se convirtió en una operación integral que incluyó vivienda, edificios y lugares de trabajo. El método clásico de recolección de datos en el punto en los hogares, organizado por las comunas a expensas del Estado, fue reemplazado por el censo basado en registro de 2011. A consecuencia de una decisión de gobierno del año 2000, que tenía como objetivo el uso exclusivo de los microdatos disponibles, el primer paso para la creación de los registros administrativos y estadísticos necesarios se llevó a cabo junto con el último censo de tipo tradicional de 2001. Con nuevas provisiones para vincular los registros, el Acto de Registro del Censo de 3006 y una prueba completa de censo en el mismo año, la nueva metodología se estableció y evaluó en un período muy corto. El primer censo de registro regular «tuvo lugar¼ con datos de referencia el 31 de octubre de 2011. Es descripto en la parte principal de su comunicación, donde se presentan sus ventajas, fortalezas y debilidades, así como sus registros principales, los registros «de comparación¼ y el principio de redundancia, que ayudan a asegurar datos de alta calidad y el ajuste del censo al marco de referencia internacional. Hoy, los desarrollos incluyen la actualización anual de los resultados, los cambios y mejoras en las fuentes de datos y una breve mirada hacia el nuevo censo de 2021.

Revision of Cirratulus (Cirratulidae: Polychaeta) from Argentina, with the description of three new species and a key to identify all species of the area

Introduction: The taxonomy of Cirratulidae is not easy due to the diagnostic characters currently accepted change through ontogeny, in some cases, there are even difficulties to separate juveniles from adults. Among the Cirratulus species cited, described and considered as valid for Argentina are Cirratulus jucundus (Kinberg, 1866), Cirratulus patagonicus (Kinberg, 1866) and Cirratulus mianzanii Saracho Bottero, Elías & Magalhães, 2017. Objetive: This study made a revision of Cirratulus includes material deposited in the Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (MLP) and specimens collected privately by J.M. Orensanz that was donated to the laboratory of Bioindicadores Bentónicos of the National University of Mar del Plata. Methods: The specimens were examined with optical equipment (microscope and stereomicroscope) and also by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: A complete examination of the material, revealed a higher number of species than those already mentioned. In the present work, three new species are described from the intertidal and subtidal areas of the Argentine continental shelf: Cirratulus orensanzii n. sp.; Cirratulus knipovichana n. sp. and Cirratulus alfonsinae n. sp. Conclusions: The knowledge about the taxonomy of the family as well as the updating of the geographic registries contributes to the biodiversity of the region, which is of great importance to carry out both ecological studies and conservation plans.

Introducción: La taxonomía de Cirratulidae no es fácil debido a que los caracteres diagnósticos actualmente aceptados cambian a través de la ontogenia; en algunos casos, incluso existen dificultades para separar a los juveniles de los adultos. Entre las especies de Cirratulus citadas, descritas y consideradas como válidas para Argentina se encuentran Cirratulus jucundus (Kinberg, 1866), Cirratulus patagonicus (Kinberg, 1866) y Cirratulus mianzanii Saracho Bottero, Elias & Magalhães, 2017. Objetivo: El presente estudio hace una revisión de Cirratulus que incluye material depositado en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (MLP) y especímenes recolectados en privado por JM Orensanz que fue donado al laboratorio de Bioindicadores Bentónicos de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Métodos: Las muestras se examinaron con equipo óptico (microscopio y estereomicroscopio) y también con microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM). Resultados: Un examen completo del material, reveló un mayor número de especies que las ya mencionadas. En el presente trabajo, se describen tres nuevas especies de las áreas intermareales y submareales de la plataforma continental argentina: Cirratulus orensanzii n. sp.; Cirratulus knipovichana n. sp. y Cirratulus alfonsinae n. sp. Conclusiones: El conocimiento sobre la taxonomía de la familia, así como la actualización de los registros geográficos, contribuye a la biodiversidad de la región, lo cual es de gran importancia para llevar a cabo estudios ecológicos y planes de conservación.

Robson ten groups classification system for caesarean section audit: are our operation theatre registers RTGC enabled?

Background: Rising caesarean section rate is a global problem. Robson ten groups classification (RTGC) system of audit has been recommended as the first step towards planning strategies to reduce caesarean section rate. Getting data for this audit is often difficult. If operation theatre (OT) registers are maintained properly this would become easy. The study proposes to know if enough information is available in the operation theatre registers to get caesarean section data for ten groups of Robson classification system. To suggest changes in OT register format for future convenience.Methods: We studied data from 100 consecutive caesarean section entries in OT registers from two medical college institutions to know if the information recorded is adequate to classify these 100 caesarean sections into ten groups given by Robson. Last 100 caesarean section entries into the OT register during the period 1st April 2018 till 31st March 2019 were studied.Results: Presentation of the foetus was the only factor which could be clearly known for all 100 cases. Labour onset whether spontaneous or induced was the least recorded observation in traditional operation theatre registers. The next information which was commonly not recorded was the labour status (woman in labour or not in labour) at the time of caesarean section.Conclusions: For Robson’s classification of caesarean sections to become useful tool to guide strategies in reducing caesarean sections we need to modify format of our OT registers. Traditional OT registers do not provide enough information to categorize caesarean section cases into Robson ten groups. Missing information makes caesarean section audit imperfect or impossible. We suggest a format for it to be incorporated into the operation theatre registers of centres providing maternity services.

A escola no registro da fantasia / La escuela en el registro de la fantasí­a / School in the register of fantasy

A fantasia da escola perfeita impulsionou a escola moderna desde seus primórdios, resultando em várias figuras dessa instituição. O artigo focaliza algumas dessas figuras, a começar pela que surge sob a forma da escola-máquina e que, posteriormente, quando a natureza humana desponta como limite ao que é da ordem da máquina, dá lugar a novas figuras. Argumenta-se que o ideal de perfeição presente nos discursos pedagógicos resultou em modalidades diversas de pensar e efetivar a escolarização, sem que necessariamente tenha inviabilizado a escola quanto a seu papel na transmissão de certo legado cultural e como agência socializadora das novas gerações. Entretanto, nas últimas décadas houve uma mudança importante, perceptível no Brasil desde a década de 1990, quando avaliações quantitativas começam a ser utilizadas para definir de forma clara e precisa o grau de perfeição da escola, assim tendendo a inviabilizar a própria educação escolar. O que desde então se acentua é a tendência de anular a necessária distância em relação àquele ideal e, dessa maneira, quanto mais a escola busca alcançar esse ideal consumado, sem falhas, tanto mais se debilita e se consome.

La fantasía de la escuela perfecta impulsó la escuela moderna desde sus inicios, resultando en varias representaciones de escuela. El artículo se enfoca en algunas de las representaciones, a comenzar por la que surge bajo la forma de la escuela-máquina y que, posteriormente, cuando la naturaleza humana despunta como límite al que es del orden de la máquina, da lugar a nuevas representaciones de escuela. Se argumenta que el ideal de la escuela perfecta presente en los discursos pedagógicos resultó en modalidades diversas de pensar e implementar la escolarización, sin que necesariamente dicho ideal hubiese influido en el incumplimiento del papel de la escuela respecto a la transmisión de cierto legado cultural y como agente de socialización de las nuevas generaciones. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas hubo un cambio importante perceptible en Brasil desde la década de 1990, cuando se comienzan a utilizar evaluaciones cuantitativas para definir clara y precisamente el grado de perfección de la escuela, que tiende a hacer inviable la propia educación escolar. Desde entonces se acentúa la tendencia a anular la necesaria distancia en relación a aquel ideal y, de esta manera, cuanto más la escuela busca alcanzar esa escuela consumada, sin fallas, tanto más se debilita, tanto más se consume.

The fantasy of the perfect school has boosted the modern school since its beginnings, resulting in several school figures. The article focuses on some of these figures, starting with the one that appears as a school-machine and that, later, when human nature emerges as a limit to what is related to the machine, it gives rise to new school figures. It is argued that the ideal of the perfect school present in the pedagogical discourses resulted in diverse ways of thinking and making schooling effective, without necessarily making the school unfeasible for its role in the transmission of a certain cultural legacy and as a socializing agency of the new generations. However, in the last decades, there has been an important change, perceptible in Brazil since the 1990s, when quantitative evaluations started to be used to clearly and precisely define the degree of perfection of the school, thus tending to make school education unfeasible itself. Since then, what has become more pronounced is the tendency to negate the necessary distance from that ideal and, therefore, the more the school seeks to achieve this consummated school, with no faults, the more it weakens itself and is consumed.

Sexto reporte de eventos adversos con tratamientos biológicos en Argentina: Informe del registro BIOBADASAR / Sixth report of adverse events with biological treatments in Argentina: Report of the BIOBADASAR registry

Objetivo: Actualizar los resultados del registro BIOBADASAR sobre seguridad, duración y causas de interrupción del tratamiento luego de 8 años de seguimiento. Métodos: BIOBADASAR es un registro de seguridad de terapias biológicas establecido por la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología. Se presenta la descripción de BIOBADASAR 3.0, una cohorte compuesta por 53 centros de Argentina seguidos prospectivamente desde agosto de 2010 hasta enero de 2018. Resultados: Se registraron 4656 pacientes, 6234 tratamientos [3765 casos (terapia con biológicos) y 2469 controles (terapia no biológicos)]. Se interrumpió el tratamiento en el 44,6% en los casos vs. 27,9% en los controles. Causa principal de discontinuación fue por ineficacia (40% casos vs. 32% controles). Se presentaron 3154 eventos adversos (2230 en casos vs. 924 en controles), de los cuales el 13,6% fueron graves (9,8% en casos y 3,7% en controles). El evento adverso (EA) más frecuente en ambos grupos fueron las infecciones (43,56% en casos vs. 34,31% en los controles, RR: 3,42; IC 95%: 3,02-3,88), y de ellas las de vías aéreas superiores (14,5%). Las neoplasias se presentaron en 78 casos vs. 45 en controles (RR: 1,98; IC 95%: 1,37-2,86). Conclusiones: En este sexto reporte no se observan tendencias diferentes sobre seguridad, duración y causas de interrupción del tratamiento respecto a informes previos. Las infecciones fueron el principal EA y la ineficacia, seguido por EA y la pérdida de pacientes las principales causas de suspensión del tratamiento. El advenimiento de nuevos agentes biológicos y la necesidad de control en seguridad a largo plazo, fortalece el uso de este tipo de registro.

Objective: Update the results of the BIOBADASAR registry on safety, duration and causes of treatment interruption after 8 years of follow-up. Methods: BIOBADASAR is a safety record of biological therapies established by the Argentine Society of Rheumatology. The description of BIOBADASAR 3.0 is presented, a cohort of 53 centers in Argentina followed prospectively from August 2010 to January 2018. Results: 4656 patients were registered, 6234 treatments [3765 cases (therapy with biologicals) and 2469 controls (non-biological therapy)]. Treatment was interrupted in 44.6% in cases vs. 27.9% in controls. Main cause of discontinuation was due to inefficiency (40% cases vs. 32% controls). There were 3154 adverse events (2230 in cases vs. 924 in controls), of which 13.6% were tombs (9.8% in cases and 3.7% in controls). The most frequent adverse event (AE) in both groups were infections (43.56% in cases vs. 34.31% in controls, RR: 3.42, 95% CI: 3.02-3.88), and the upper airway pathways (14.5%). Neoplasms were published in 78 cases versus 45 controls (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.37-2.86). Conclusions: In this article, there are no different trends regarding safety, duration and causes of interruption of treatment compared to previous reports. Infections were the main causes of treatment discontinuation. The advent of new biological agents and the need for control over long-term security, strengthens the use of this type of registration.

Biotechnolgy study on the technology of creating a software package for the cadastral registration system of land restrictions and burdens / 国际药学研究杂志

Restrictions (burdens) of land plots are the subject of land and legal relations, which are fixed by legal documents (for example, a lease agreement, a contract for free fixed-term use, an agreement on the limited use of a land plot, etc.). Moreover, restrictions (burdens) can be part of the subject of land and legal relations (areas under buildings, structures, engineering communications, etc., which are part of land plots with registered rights). Questions of theory, practice and methodology are represented in some works on history, the theory of civil law, and especially those relating only servitudes reflected in many studies. It should be noted that the documented information of the Real Estate Cadastre is constantly updated in accordance with the changed legal status of land plots and land use subjects taking into account the transactions made, the presence of the agricultural production condition of the land, as well as environmental and other restrictions, including servitudes, etc. All this information that changes over time should be open and accessible to the participants in land relations. The state registration of rights to land and other immovable property and transactions is a legal act of recognition and confirmation by the state of the existence, occurrence, restriction (burdens), transfer or termination of rights. The right to a land plot arises as a result of the state registration; it is reflected in the land cadastre. The state registration is the only evidence of the existence of a registered right; the right to land and other real property can only be contested in the courts. In view of the above, it can be assumed that the theme of the work is relevant and has great scientific and practical importance.

The biotechnology complex of works for providing a land plot for lease out of state-owned lands / 国际药学研究杂志

Land is extremely valuable in the activities of any society. As the main component of the environment, land performs an important ecological function. The land surface serves as the location for various objects, and its soil layer is used as a means of production in agriculture and forestry. Essentially, land is the main and natural factor in any sphere of business, directly or indirectly involved in the production of all other goods and amenities. The social role of land is that it serves as a habitat and a condition for human life. Finally, the land as a territory of a state or its administrative-territorial units determines a political function. Land legislation and adopted regulatory acts of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation govern land relations, rights and obligations of subjects of land relations, the basic rules for the functional use of land resources in various sectors, establish differences in the legal regime of land and determine the procedure for solving a whole number of other issues. The topic of this work is relevant due to the fact that the registration of land relations is one of the most acute, problematic and still not completely resolved issues to date.

Common Problems and Quality Control in Clinical Rehabilitation Intervention Studies / 中国康复理论与实践

Based on the experience of our team combined with literature analysis, there were some problems in study of clinical intervention, mainly in the aspects of clinical trial registration, construction of intervention programs, recruitment and compliance of research objects, intervention fidelity, selection of outcome indicators and data collection and analysis. It is necessary to understand the importance of clinical trial registration and follow the registration procedure, establish an intervention program based on the theoretical framework, focus on the factors that impede or promote the recruitment of objects to ensure the sample size, formulate strategies to improve the compliance and intervention fidelity of the intervention objects and select the appropriate outcome indicators， apply appropriate data collection and analysis methods based on the content of the study, and thus improve the quality of intervention researches.

Epidemiologic features and trends of leukemia in Shenzhen during 2001-2015 / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To describe the incidence trend of leukemia in Shenzhen during 2001 to 2015, and to provide base data for designing prevention and treatment strategies on leukemia. Methods The leuke-mia incidence data and population data collected by Shenzhen Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2015 were used in our analysis. The crude incidence,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASR China)and age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASR world)were calculated. The annual percentage change (APC)of the incidence was analyzed by Joinpoint regression. Results Shenzhen Cancer Registry registered 2106 new cases of leukemia from 2001 to 2015. The crude incidence was 6. 31 per 100000,with 6. 75 per 100000 ASR China and 7. 15 per 100000 ASR world. Cumulative rate (0-74 years) was 0. 63％,and truncated rate (35-64 years)was 7. 03 per 100000. From the perspective of gender distribu-tion,the incidence of male was significantly higher than female,with a sex ratio of 1. 38 : 1. In terms of time trend,the incidence of leukemia was stable,and the Joinpoint regression showed that APC = - 0. 09％(95％ CI:- 1. 60％ -1. 41％,P = 0. 92). In terms of subtypes,acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)accounted for 17. 66％ of the total cases,and the incidence of AML has increased during 2001 to 2015 (APC = 13. 34％, 95％ CI:5. 71％ -21. 51％,P < 0. 01). The median age of leukemia patients was 36 years old,and the mean age was 37. 29 years old. The two peaks of the incidence were 1-4 and 80-84 age groups,and the ASR inci-dences were 9. 13 per 100000 and 39. 40 per 100000 respectively. Conclusion The incidence of leukemia is very high in Shenzhen. Children and the elderly are at high risk of leukemia. Government needs to guide insti-tutions to carry out research to reduce the incidence of leukemia.