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Aims: to evaluate how the act of holding a tennis racket influences the application of forces in the handrim during manual wheelchair propulsion at a self-selected comfortable speed and sprint. Methods: A case study was conducted with an experienced wheelchair tennis player who propelled the wheelchair in a straightforward trajectory at two different velocities (self-selected comfortable speed and sprint) in two different conditions (freehand and holding the racket). Kinetic and temporal data of the pushes were obtained with the SmartWheel system attached in substitution to the conventional rear wheel at the dominant side of the player. Results: holding the racket affects the propulsion pattern mainly when an accelerated movement is required (sprint). Compared to the propulsion at a self-selected speed, propelling the chair as fast as possible with the racket in hands resulted in lower total and tangential forces on the handrim, and decreased push time and increased push frequency. Conclusion: Such influence on both kinetic and temporal propulsion impact the mechanical efficiency of the manual wheelchair propulsion, which may, ultimately, affect the sport´s performance. Special attention should be directed to the propulsion training with the racket in maneuvers and motions that are characteristic of the wheelchair tennis match in an attempt to provide the athlete with proper technique for optimal propulsion efficiency and sports performance.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Tênis , Força da Mão , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência , Tecnologia Assistiva , CinéticaRESUMO
The conceptions and characteristics of five basic terms,including rehabilitation engineering,assistive technology,assistive devices,assistive technology service and accessibility,were discussed briefly in this paper.The newest ISO 9999 Assistive Products for Per-sons with Disability-Classification and Terminology(sixth edition)published in 2016 was also introduced.In the future,assistive technolo-gy and rehabilitation engineering would be normalized as assistive health technology to carry out global cooperation(GATE),Priority Assis-tive Products List including 50 kinds of assistive products published by World Health Organization would be a model to make assistive poli-cy and project,assistive technology services would be standardized,assistive technology would continue to innovate,assistive technologies and therapy would be integrated,as well as assistive technologies and rehabilitation medicine,etc.
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The effect and significance of rehabilitation technical aids are growing with the population aging. Recently, the State Council of China has released several documents about the industrial development of Chinese rehabilitation technical aids, and proposed new requirements on the innovation in this field. Biomechanics plays an important role in rehabilitation technical aids, including exercise rehabilitation training system, orthotic device, artificial limb, walking aid, etc. In this special issue, several biomechanical papers about rehabilitation and rehabilitation technical aids are included，to provide references for rehabilitation engineering and rehabilitation technical aids.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the present situation and needs of the rehabilitation engineering profession. Methods It was investigated with questionnaire, interview to the hospitals and companies with or for assistive devices services, industry association and similar institutions, etc. The literatures were also reviewed. Results The industry of rehabilitation engineering is facing opportunities for de-velopment, and need a mass of professions of rehabilitation engineering technology, especially those of prosthetist, orthotist and technical support, etc. Conclusion The rehabilitation engineering technology is developing widely. The courses should be reformed to meet the differ-ent needs based on the standards and specifications.
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La ingeniería en rehabilitación tiene entre sus objetivos principales el desarrollo de soluciones que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad, las cuales, si son desarrolladas a través de metodologías de investigación y diseño participativo, pueden presentar ventajas significativas como productos que dan mejor respuesta a las necesidades de la comunidad, mayor aceptación de los resultados por parte de la misma y el hallazgo de fuentes y nichos potenciales de innovación. Adicionalmente, dichas metodologías permiten que los beneficios para esta población no se asocien solamente a los resultados o productos generados, sino que complementariamente se logren desde los mismos procesos investigativos a través de la inclusión y participación auténticas, generando un mayor impacto social. Este artículo propone un enfoque metodológico para el desarrollo de productos de habilitación y rehabilitación en el cual convergen las tendencias de investigación participativa, el diseño y la voz de la comunidad que pide ser copartícipe en los proyectos, en unión a las estrategias para la apropiación social del conocimiento. Adicionalmente se exponen ejemplos, barreras y dificultades, retos y recomendaciones para llevar a cabo una investigación según el enfoque participativo. Las reflexiones planteadas pueden además ser aplicadas a otras áreas del saber.
One of the main goals of rehabilitation engineering is improving the quality of life of people with disabilities through developing solutions for their specific needs. When participatory methodologies for research and design are applied, the resulting solutions show advantages such as products that better address the needs of the community, solutions that are better accepted by the community, and the identification of potential sources and niches for innovation. In addition, participatory methodologies provide benefits that are not only associated with the generated results and products but with the processes themselves. When research processes are inclusive and promote authentic participation a higher social impact can be obtained. This paper proposes a methodological approach for the development of habilitation and rehabilitation products that allows the convergence of participatory research tendencies, design tendencies and the voice of the community that claims for co-participation. This approach also incorporates strategies for the social appropriation of knowledge. Examples, barriers, difficulties, challenges and recommendations for conducting research with a focus on participation are also presented. The reflections herein presented may also be applied to other fields.
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@#This paper briefly introduced the development and technical intension and theoretical basis of rehabilitation engineering and assistive technology, expounded the definitions and positioning in the academic course of rehabilitation engineering and assistive technology.
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Rehabilitation engineering can not only improve life quality of the elder and people with disability, but also reduce burdens of the society and family for care at the same time. With the development of economy and improvement of life quality, rehabilitation engineering will be raised to a new level. Biomechanics provides fundamental basis for the design and assembly of rehabilitation products. As the main reason for rehabilitation is to maximally restore the lost function of body support and exercise, it is important to understand the force transmission and interaction between the body and supporting device. Through biomechanical research, optimized assistive technology for rehabilitation and training program can be designed. This paper will review the major focus on biomechanics research in rehabilitation engineering, including body support interfacial biomechanics, musculoskeletal kinematics and kinetics, finding appropriate control signals, and developing advanced materials, so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of rehabilitation products.
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El Laboratorio de Marcha es un conjunto de herramientas que permiten tomar medidas y realizar un análisis cuantitativo de los patrones de movimiento. Este sistema facilita el diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento e implementación de métodos de rehabilitación en patologías asociadas con el movimiento. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y desarrollo de un Laboratorio de Marcha que captura y registra diferentes variables dinámicas del movimiento humano. La arquitectura modular del Laboratorio de Marcha permite integrar de forma sincronizada información dinámica y cinemática.
Gait Lab is a set of tools to take measurements and to develop quantitative analysis of movement patterns. This system facilitates the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and implementation of rehabilitation methods in diseases associated with movement. In this work, we present the design and development of a Gait Laboratory that capture different variables and register human movement dynamics. The modular architecture of the proposed Gait Laboratory allows synchronized integration of kinetics and kinematics information.
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An externally actuated glove, controlled by a microprocessor, is being developed to assist finger extension in stroke survivors. The goal of this device is to allow repeated practice of specific tasks for hand therapy in the home environment. The device allows the user three control modes: voice recognition, electromyography or manual. These modes can be used either independently or combined according to the needs of the user. Both position and force feedback are available for control and safety. Initial testing of the prototype has shown promising performance.
Se presenta el desarrollo de un guante activado externamente y controlado por un microprocesador para asistir la extensión de los dedos en pacientes con derrame cerebral. La meta del dispositivo es permitir la repetición de tareas específicas para realizar terapia de la mano en un ambiente casero. El usuario puede controlar el dispositivo por tres medios diferentes: reconocimiento de voz, electromiografía o manualmente. Estos medios pueden ser usados tanto independientemente como en combinación según las necesidades del paciente. Para el control y la seguridad, se tiene retroalimentación de posición y de fuerza. Las pruebas iniciales del prototipo han demostrado un desempeño prometedor.
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@#Persons with disability had been existed in the world since human being existed thousands years ago. They have to make some simple devices to compensate lost functions in order to exist in the world. Those are called as ancient assistive products. The history of assistive products is summarized in the paper based on collected some literatures and divided into three stages, i.e., ancient, middle and modern.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the necessary of letting the intelligent knee joint be adaptive to the road terrain and the key technology of knee moment control method. MethodsBased on data from gait analysis and the dynamic model of lower limb,the knee moments while people walking on the path of different terrain were obtained. Terrain identification method was based on the features of electromyography(EMG) signals of the thigh,and the EMG of some muscles was detected. The methods were applied to an intelligent trans-femoral prosthesis developed for tests in the laboratory.ResultsConsiderable variation of the knee moments appeared when people walking on the path of different terrain,as well as that of the features of EMG of some muscles.ConclusionIt is necessary to make the intelligent knee joint be adaptive to the road terrain,and it is possible to be achieved with satisfied motion of the leg and the trajectory of ankle joint by the intelligent transfemoral prosthesis being studied which can identify the features of EMG signals.