Vincristine sulfate treatment influence on kidney function of female dogs with transmissible venereal tumor / Influência do tratamento com sulfato de vincristina na função renal de cadela com tumor transmissível venéreo

Chemotherapy agents have some undesirable and non-selective cytostatic effects. Considering that kidneys are vulnerable to drug-induced toxicity, this study evaluated renal injury caused by vincristine sulfate (VS) in 12 female dogs diagnosed with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). The animals were treated with VS (0.025 mg/kg IV) every 7 days for 4 weeks. During treatment, the animals were subjected to clinical examination, blood count, serum measurement of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, urinalysis and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measurements were performed. All parameters were determined three times: before beginning the treatment (T0), after 14 days (T1), and after 28 days (T2). During the study period, there were no changes in serum urea or creatinine levels, urine specific gravity, or persistent proteinuria. Furthermore, urinary GGT measurement did not indicate tubular lesions, and consistent elevation of SDMA was found in only one patient above the reference range. The results showed that weekly therapy with VS as a single agent for 28 days does not induce renal injury in most cases.(AU)

Os agentes quimioterápicos possuem efeitos citostáticos indesejáveis e não seletivos. Considerando a vulnerabilidade renal à toxicidade induzida por drogas, este estudo avaliou a lesão renal causada pelo sulfato de vincristina (VS) em 12 cadelas com diagnóstico de tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT). Os animais foram tratados com VS (0,025 mg / kg IV) a cada sete dias, durante quatro semanas. No transcurso do tratamento, os animais foram submetidos a exame clínico, hemograma, dosagem sérica de dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA), nitrogênio ureico sanguíneo (BUN), creatinina, alanina aminotransferase e fosfatase alcalina. Além disso, foram realizadas análises de urina e medições de gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) urinária. Todos os parâmetros foram mensurados em três tempos, antes do início do tratamento (T0), aos 14 dias (T1) e aos 28 dias (T2). Durante o período do estudo, não houve alterações nas concentrações de ureia ou creatinina séricas, na gravidade específica da urina ou proteinúria persistente. Além disso, a medição de GGT urinária não indicou lesões tubulares, e elevação consistente de SDMA foi encontrada em apenas um paciente acima do intervalo de referência. Os resultados mostraram que a terapia semanal com VS como agente único por 28 dias não induz lesão renal na maioria dos casos.(AU)

Marcadores de daño renal en pacientes con factores de riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica / Markers of renal damage in patients with risk factors of chronic renal disease

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 46 pacientes con más de 18 años de edad, pertenecientes al consultorio 34 del área de salud del municipio de Majagua, provincia Ciego de Ávila, desde septiembre de 2015 hasta febrero de 2016. A todos los integrantes de la serie se les indicaron exámenes complementarios, tales como microalbuminuria, filtrado glomerular, creatinina, conteo de Addis y urea. No se realizaron estudios imagenológicos debido a la lejanía, las dificultades con el transporte y el equipo de ultrasonografía. La alteración de los marcadores renales estuvo presente en la mitad de los afectados con factores de riesgo, lo cual permitió detectar la enfermedad renal crónica de manera precoz en ese grupo poblacional

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 46 patients older than 18 years, belonging to the doctor's office 34 of the health area in Majagua, Ciego de Ávila, was carried out from September, 2015 to February, 2016. The complementary tests were indicated to all the members of the series, such as microalbuminuria, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, Addis and urea counts . The imagenologic studies were not carried out due to the long distance, difficulties with the transportation and the ultrasonography equipment. The disorder of renal markers was present in half of those affected patients with risk factors, which allowed to detect earlier the chronic renal disease in that population group

Comparison effect of Pioglitazone and Glimepiride alone on renal function marker in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic rats.

Present study was designed to evaluate in Renoprotective activity of Pioglitazone and Glimepiride on Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced renal damage in diabetic rats. Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation in diabetic condition, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Piogltazone (10 mg/kg/day, p.o) and Glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o) were administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. renal function marker and oxidative parameter were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of malondialdehyde formation/ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney tissue and serum marker Creatinine, Urea and Uric acids were significantly increased. Whereas, the activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found to be decreased significantly compared to control rats. Pioglitazone improved the renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats, but Glimepiride less improved the renal marker change compared to treatment of Pioglitazone. In conclusion, Pioglitazone shows potent may improve renal function marker and oxidative stress in kidney in I/R induced renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats.

Cystatin C as a Marker for Early Renal Impairment / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: In recent years, cystatin C was proposed as a new marker for the glomerular filtration rate due to a constant serum level, with no secretion from the renal tubule, and elimination only by the kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate cystatin C as a renal marker compared with creatinine. METHODS: The concentration of serum creatinine, cystatin C, and creatinine clearance were measured in 119 healthy adults and 112 patients with several nephropathies. RESULTS: The reference interval of cystatin C was 0.45-0.96 mg/L and there were no significant correlations to age, sex and bodysurface area (P>0.05). Cystatin C and creatinine were highly correlated with the glomerular filtration rate measured by creatinine clearance (r=0.810, 0.806, respectively). Diagnostic accuracy by receiver- operation characteristic curves were similar (area under the curve, cystatin C 0.853 vs. creatinine 0.882). But cystatin C showed greater sensitivity for detecting a decreased glomerular filtration rate than did creatinine (82%, 76% respectively). Especially, the sensitivity of cystatin C was higher than that of creatinine in mildly decreased groups when patients were classified into four groups according to the decrement of the glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: Serum cystatin C is as useful as serum creatinine as a renal marker and is superior as a screening marker in detecting early renal impairment.