Accurate positioning and analysis on health function of high frequency anti-fatigue herbal medicines / 中国中药杂志

Fatigue is a widespread and complex physiological phenomenon. Chronic fatigue can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, mental disorders and other serious pathological reactions. Therefore, how to relieve fatigue accurately and effectively is an important proposition to implement the concept of "Healthy China" in the new era. As an important part of Chinese medicine health industry, Chinese medicine health food has been developing rapidly in recent years. At present, there are 1 157 kinds of anti-fatigue health food on the market in China, most of which are single Chinese medicine and its compound. However, their functions are generally labeled as "anti-fatigue", and their function positioning is too extensive and unclear. With the deepened understanding of fatigue classification and its physiological and pathological basis, it is urgent to be combined with the progress of modern chemical and pharmacological stu-dies to differentiate and precisely position the anti-fatigue health effects of traditional Chinese medicine. For this purpose, the classifications of fatigue were summarized in this paper, and the mechanism of fatigue was explained from the aspects of energy metabolism, accumulation of metabolites, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and so on. We selected 10 traditional Chinese medicines which are most frequently used in health food, analyzed their anti-fatigue effect mechanisms, and summarized the best types of anti-fatigue food, so as to promote the scientific development of anti-fatigue health food industry, expand the market application scope of anti-fatigue health food, better respond to the construction of a healthy China and serve for people's health.

Políticas de ensino superior e a graduação em Terapia Ocupacional nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior no Brasil / Higher education politics and the graduation in Occupational Therapy at the Federal Institutions of Higher Education in Brazil

Introdução: Programas que integraram políticas de ensino superior recentemente adotadas no Brasil, em especial o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais ­ REUNI e o Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde ­ Pró-Saúde, promoveram a ampliação de cursos e vagas em Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) e o redirecionamento da formação de profissionais que atuam na área da saúde, respectivamente, com implicações também para a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste texto é apresentar um panorama dos cursos de graduação em terapia ocupacional das IFES e contextualizar seu processo de implantação no âmbito do REUNI e do Pró-Saúde. Método: A partir do levantamento e da análise dos projetos político-pedagógicos de cada um desses cursos, foram entrevistados seus coordenadores. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram que o REUNI teve um grande impacto na área, tendo sido fundamental para o processo de expansão da graduação em terapia ocupacional no Brasil, principalmente para regiões que, até então, não ofertavam cursos públicos nesse âmbito. Por outro lado, o Pró-Saúde não foi uma presença significativa na grande maioria dos cursos estudados; seus reflexos na área foram indiretos. Conclusão: Os cursos estão em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a graduação em terapia ocupacional; contudo, se evidencia uma necessidade de rediscussão, no interior da profissão, dos elementos que parametrizam essa formação para além do que aparece como central nos discursos e nos documentos, sobretudo, em referência ao posicionamento em torno do que se coloca como um profissional com perfil generalista.

Introduction: Programs that integrate higher education policies recently adopted in Brazil, especially the Program of Support for the Restructuring and Expansion of Federal Universities (REUNI) and the Program National for the Reorientation Professional Training in Health (Pró-Sáude), expanded courses and vacancies in Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES) and redirected the training of professionals working in the health sector, respectively, with implications also for the formation of occupational therapists. Objective: this article aims to present an overview of graduation courses in occupational therapy from IFES and contextualize the deployment process in the context of the REUNI and the Pró-Sáude. Method: We interviewed the courses coordinators based on the survey and analysis of political-pedagogical projects of each of these courses. Results: The results indicated that the REUNI had a big impact in the area which was fundamental to the expansion process to graduation in occupational therapy in Brazil, especially for regions that had not public courses within that framework until then. On the other hand, the Pró-Saúde has not had a significant impact on the vast majority of courses studied; its effect in the area was indirect. Conclusion: The courses are in agreement with the National Curriculum Guidelines for graduation in occupational therapy, however, becomes evident the need for discussion in the profession the elements that parameterize this formation, beyond that which shows up as central in the speeches and documents, mostly in reference of what is posited as a professional with generalist profile.

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography cephalometric measurements using a midsagittal projection and conventional two-dimensional cephalometric measurements / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether it is possible to use a two-dimensional (2D) standard in three-dimensional (3D) analysis, by comparing the angles and lengths measured from a midsagittal projection in 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with those measured by 2D lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR). METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent both LCR and CBCT were selected as subjects. CBCT was reoriented in 3 different methods and the measuring-points were projected onto the midsagittal plane. Twelve angle values and 8 length values were measured on both LCR and CBCT and compared. RESULTS: Repeated measures analysis of the variance revealed statistically significant differences in 7 angular and 5 linear measurements among LCR and 3 types of CBCT (p < 0.05). Of these 12 measurements, multiple comparisons showed that 6 measurements (ANB, AB to FH, IMPA, FMA, Co-Gn, Go-Me) were not significantly different in pairwise comparisons. LCR was significantly different from 3 types of CBCT in 3 angular (SN to FH, interincisal angle, FMIA) and 2 linear (S-Go, Co-ANS) measurements. The CBCT method was similar for all measurements, except for 1 linear measurement, i.e., S-N. However, the disparity between the mean values for all parameters was within the range of clinical measurement error. CONCLUSIONS: 3D-CBCT analysis, using midsagittal projection, is a useful method in which the 2D-LCR normative values can be used. Although the measurements changed with reorientation, these changes were not clinically significant.

Study on role of rural health training centre (RHTC) as a supporting component to a primary health care system for NRHM programme in district Muzaffarnagar (UP).

Background: The role of RHTC set up under MCI requirement of medical colleges is rising in implementation of NRHM phase 2 programme (2012 onwards); as private medical colleges are expanding in India and they can be an important supporter in public-private partnership for national health programmes. Objective of current study was to assess the role of rural health training centre as a supporting component to a primary health care system for NRHM programme. Methods: The present study was carried out by comparative evaluation of the rural health and training centre of a private medical college with a sub-centre (Muzaffarnagar) on key RCH services of NRHM: a) Family planning materials distribution, b) ANC services and c) Immunization services. Inclusion criteria: Proper ethical approval from both primary health care system and private medical college authorities were obtained for the study. Study design: Prospective evaluation based study on ANM in SC & SN in RHTC in NRHM programme for 1 year duration from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013. Data analysis: The statistical data was analysed by Epi-info version 7.1.3. Results: The ANC services, family planning services and immunization services delivered under NRHM programme was found to statistically significantly contributed (P <0.05) by SN of RHTC as compared to ANM of SC in area of Bilaspur, Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh). Conclusion: RHTC of a private medical college in Muzaffarnagar (UP) is significantly contributing and supporting in RCH services of NRHM programme for primary health care system. RHTC of medical colleges can be an asset for public private partnership in NRHM programme.

Exchange and Reorientation of an Elevated-rim Polyethylene Liner for the Recurrent Anterior Subluxation after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report / 대한고관절학회지

Total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the right hip was performed in a 62-year-old female patient with right-side weakness due to cerebral infarction. Because the second cerebral infarction aggravated right-side weakness, recurrent anterior subluxation occurred two years after surgery. We report on a case of recurrent anterior subluxation of total hip arthroplasty, which was treated successfully by exchange and reorientation of an elevated-rim polyethylene, and discuss studies reporting on recurrent subluxation after total hip arthroplasty and its treatment.

Concepções que integram a formação e o processo de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde: uma revisão da literatura / Concepts involved in the training and work processes of community healthcare agents: a bibliographical review

O presente artigo é resultado de uma revisão bibliográfica que tem como objetivo sistematizar as referências da literatura relacionadas às concepções que integram a formação e o processo de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde, no âmbito do Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (PACS) e do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Foram consultados 504 artigos de periódicos científicos, manuais e documentos oficiais publicados até outubro de 2004, dos quais 49 foram selecionados e consultados integralmente. Os resultados encontrados foram sistematizados em quatro eixos temáticos, tendo sido abordadas as polêmicas levantadas pelos autores, das quais se destacam: o "discurso mudancista" presente nos documentos oficiais, que definem o PSF como estratégia de reorientação de modelo de atenção básica; a amplitude e ambigüidade presentes no entendimento do papel de mediador e na definição das atribuições do agente comunitário de saúde e as lacunas existentes na sua formação.

This paper is the outcome of a bibliographical review that aims at systemizing references in the literature to concepts involved in the training and work processes of community health agents under the Community Health Agent Program (PACS) and the Family Health Program. Published in scientific journals, manuals and official documents through to October 2004, 504 articles were consulted, of which 49 were selected and examined in full. The findings were systematically arranged under four themes, reviewing controversial aspects raised by authors, outstanding among which are: the 'discourse of change' statements in official documents, defining the Family Health Program as a reorientation strategy for the Primary Healthcare Model; the scope and ambiguity of understandings of the role of mediator and definitions of the duties and responsibilities of Community Healthcare Agents, as well as the gaps in their training.

Reorientation of T cell receptors during immunological synapse formation:a vortex-driven model / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To develop the mechanistic model for the reorientation of T cell receptors during immunological synapse formation.Methods:Based on the theory of energy transfer during double-molecular reactions in the context of classical fluid mechanics,a vortex-driven model was proposed where in the coupled receptor/ligand molecules within the immunological synapse recruit the T cell receptors.Results:The model results indicated that driven by the consecutive vortexes with specific combinations of strengths and acting frequencies of vortexes,TCR transport speed can reach the values matching up to the experimental measurements(0.04-0.1 ?m/s).Conclusion:The model demonstrated that during the coupling,the membrane-tethered receptor-ligand pairs may transform their binding energies into the rotational energies of the reactants,thereby leading to the vortexes of the surrounding water continuum insider and outside the T cell,and these resulting vortexes may function as the engines for the reorientation of T cell receptors.

Retrospectiva da cúpla de edimburgo: subsídios para a educação médica

Resumo: Um critério transcendente da qualidade da educação médica é a formação de profissionais competentes e aptos a responder às necessidades de saúde da sociedade como um todo. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo sintetiza os subsídios resultantes da Cúpula Mundial sobre educação médica, em Edimburgo -1993. Esses elementos são relacionados aos desafios correntes e a quatro estratégias globais de reorientação, as quais têm em comum tal critério de qualidade.

Summary: A transcendent criterium of quality in medical education is the training of competent professionals who are responsive to the health need of society as a whole. In this respect, the article synthesizes the propositions that resulted from the World Summit on Medical Education at Edinburgh. It relates such propositions with the current challenges facing the medical schools ant the global strategies for reorientation of medical education that have such a quality criterium in common.