Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 7）： Introduction and Interpretation of the Guideline Reporting Checklist / 中医杂志

The systematic and comprehensive introduction and interpretation of the Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 is conducive to the presentation of high-quality clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， thus improving their dissemination and use. The Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 specifies the requirements for clear， complete and transparent reporting of the whole process of developing CPMs guidelines， containing 4 domains， 17 topics and 43 items， and involving the basic information， recommendations and methods of guideline development. Especially， it details the items related to the rules and regulations of the use of CPMs in the recommendations， which is helpful for improving the completeness， scientificity and practicality of the reporting of CPMs guideline.

Profile and characteristics of violence against older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic / Perfil e características da violência contra a pessoa idosa durante a pandemia COVID-19 / Perfil y características de la violencia contra los adultos mayores durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Objective: to identify the sociodemographic profile and the characteristics of interpersonal violence against older adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in a capital city from the Brazilian Southeast region. Method: a descriptive and exploratory research study with a cross-sectional design based on the notifications of suspected or confirmed cases of violence against older adults between March 2020 and March 2021. A univariate statistical analysis and Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) were performed. Results: a total of 2,681 notifications were recorded during the period. The main victims were individuals aged between 60 and 64 years old, female, white-skinned and with low schooling levels. The instances of violence were more frequent in the victims' homes. Physical and psychological violence predominated, through physical force/beatings and threats, respectively. Most of the aggressors were male, younger than the victims and generally their children or intimate partners. The aggressions were perpetrated more than once and were driven by generational conflicts. There was low referral to entities for the protection of older adults. Conclusion: the sociodemographic profile found evidences vulnerable victims, subjected to many types of violence, and at a potential risk against their overall health.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e as características da violência interpessoal contra a pessoa idosa no primeiro ano da pandemia COVID-19 em uma capital da região sudeste do Brasil. Método: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, com delineamento transversal a partir da análise das notificações de casos suspeitos ou confirmados de violência contra a pessoa idosa, ocorridas entre março de 2020 e março de 2021. Foi realizada a análise estatística univariada e teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados: houve 2681 notificações no período. As principais vítimas foram pessoas com idade entre 60 e 64 anos, do sexo feminino, brancas e com baixa escolaridade. As ocorrências tiveram maior frequência nos domicílios. As violências físicas e psicológicas foram as mais comuns, com uso de força física/espancamento e ameaça, respectivamente. O agressor era, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, mais jovem do que a vítima, geralmente filho ou parceiro íntimo. As agressões ocorreram mais de uma vez e foram motivadas por conflitos geracionais. Houve baixo encaminhamento para órgãos de proteção a pessoa idosa. Conclusão: o perfil sociodemográfico encontrado evidencia vítimas vulneráveis, sujeitas a muitas formas de violência e com potenciais riscos à integralidade de sua saúde.

Resumen Objetivo: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico y las características de la violencia interpersonal contra los adultos mayores en el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19 en una ciudad capital de la región sureste de Brasil. Método: investigación descriptiva, exploratoria con diseño transversal a partir del análisis de las notificaciones de casos sospechosos o confirmados de violencia contra el adulto mayor, ocurridos entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021. Se realizó un análisis estadístico univariado y la prueba exacta de Fisher (p< 0,05). Resultados: hubo 2681 notificaciones en el período. Las principales víctimas fueron personas entre 60 y 64 años, de sexo femenino, blancas y con baja escolaridad. La mayoría de los casos se registró en el hogar. La violencia física y psicológica fueron las más comunes, con uso de fuerza física/golpes y amenaza, respectivamente. El agresor era generalmente del sexo masculino, más joven que la víctima, hijo o pareja. Las agresiones se produjeron más de una vez y fueron motivadas por conflictos generacionales. Hubo baja derivación a organismos de protección de adultos mayores. Conclusión: el perfil sociodemográfico obtenido revela que son víctimas vulnerables, sujetas a múltiples formas de violencia y que la integridad de su salud está en riesgo potencial.

The use of citizen information in criminal investigation through a collaborative technological innovation process to counteract theft from the person in Bogotá / El uso de la información ciudadana en la investigación criminal mediante un proceso de innovación tecnológico colaborativo para contrarrestar el hurto a personas en Bogotá / O uso da informação dos cidadãos na investigação criminal através de um processo colaborativo de inovação tecnológica para combater o roubode pessoas em Bogotá

Theft from the person is one of the highest impact crimes in Bogotá, with a national share of approximately 38 %. This crime brought to the attention of the authorities is referred to by academics as recorded or reported crime and is used by the police for different purposes, particularly for criminal investigation, but with inefficient results in the identification of perpetrators. Therefore, the type of research is qualitative and has the objective of linking the citizen through a process of collaborative technological innovation, with the purpose of collecting, processing and analysing reported or non-reported information (hidden crime) in a timely, anonymous and efficient manner with disruptive technologies prioritized for the project.The methodology used begins with the discovery stage by identifying key actors and building user stories. Then, in the understanding stage, the value proposition is put forth by means of a hypothesis that is validated in a process of experimentation, and finally, in the build stage, a technology watch analysis is carried out and the proposal for the collaborative system between the citizen and the police with a technological approach is put forward. The results are based on the identification and prioritization of five technologies, two actors, three variables and application of six low and medium fidelity prototypes, as well as the acceptance of citizens in collecting and sharing timely information at 87 %; that information focuses on video, audio, photos and localization at 55 %.On the other hand, with the entry into operation of the collaborative system, the researchers indicate that it would optimise investigation by 50 % through the timely identification of the perpetrators. As for the conclusion, the information analyzed and obtained from the results allows to reach, in a first phase, validation of the established hypothesis, but at the same time recognising the importance of including methodologies such as System Dynamics that allow for the systemic analysis of the information established by other actors and its impact on the proposed collaborative system.The use of citizen information in criminal investigation through a collaborative technological innovation process to counteract theft from the person in Bogotá

El hurto a personas es uno de los delitos de mayor impacto en temas de seguridad para Bogotá con una participación a nivel nacional del 38 % aproximadamente. Este delito puesto en conocimiento de las autoridades es denominado por académicos como criminalidad registrada o denunciada y es utilizada por la institución policial para diferentes fines, en especial para la investigación criminal, pero con resultados poco eficientes en la identificación de victimarios. Por lo tanto, el tipo de investigación es cualitativa y tiene como objetivo vincular al ciudadano mediante un proceso de innovación tecnológico colaborativo, con el propósito de recolectar, tratar y analizar información denunciada y no denunciada (criminalidad oculta) de manera oportuna, anónima y eficiente con tecnologías disruptivas priorizadas para el proyecto. La metodología empleada inicia con la etapa de descubrir mediante la identificación de actores claves y la construcción de historias de usuario. Luego, en la etapa comprender se plantea la propuesta de valor mediante una hipótesis que se valida en un proceso de experimentación, y por último en la etapa construir, se realiza un análisis de vigilancia tecnológica y se plantea la propuesta del sistema colaborativo entre el ciudadano y la policía con enfoque tecnológico. Los resultados se basan en la identificación y priorización de cinco tecnologías, dos actores, tres variables y aplicación de seis prototipos de baja y mediana fidelidad, así como la aceptación de la ciudadanía en recolectar y compartir información oportuna en un87 %, esa información se centra en videos, audios, fotos y localización con un 55 %. Por otro lado, con la entrada en funcionamiento del sistema colaborativo, los investigadores indican que optimizaría la investigación en un 50 % mediante la identificación oportuna de los victimarios. En cuanto a la conclusión, la información analizada y obtenida de los resultados, permite llegar en una primera fase, a validar la hipótesis establecida, pero a la vez, la importancia de incluir metodologías como la Dinámica de Sistemas que permita el análisis sistémico de la información establecida por otros actores y su impacto en el sistema colaborativo propuesto.

O roubo de pessoas é um dos crimes de maior impacto nas questões de segurança de Bogotá, com uma participação nacional de aproximadamente 38 %. Este crime levado ao conhecimento das autoridades é denominado pelos acadêmicos como crime registrado ou denunciado e é utilizado pela instituição policial para diversos fins, principalmente para investigação criminal, mas com resultados ineficientes na identificação dos autores. Portanto, o tipo de pesquisa é qualitativo e visa vincular os cidadãos por meio de um processo colaborativo de inovação tecnológica, com o objetivo de coletar, tratar e analisar informações denunciadas e não denunciadas (crimes ocultos) de maneira oportuna, anônima e eficiente, priorizando tecnologias disruptivas. para o projeto. A metodologia utilizada começa com a fase de descoberta, identificando os principais atores e construindo histórias de usuários. Depois, na fase de compreensão, é proposta a proposta de valor através de uma hipótese que é validada num processo de experimentação e, finalmente, na fase de construção, é realizada uma análise de vigilância tecnológica e é proposta a proposta de um sistema colaborativo entre cidadãos. e a polícia com foco tecnológico. Os resultados baseiam-se na identificação e priorização de cinco tecnologias, dois atores, três variáveis e aplicação de seis protótipos de baixa e média fidelidade, bem como na aceitação dos cidadãos na recolha e partilha de informação atempada em 87 %, esta informação centra-se em vídeos, áudios, fotos e localização com 55 %. Por outro lado, com a entrada em funcionamento do sistema colaborativo, os investigadores indicam que otimizaria a investigação em 50 % através da identificação atempada dos autores. Quanto à conclusão, a informação analisada e obtida a partir dos resultados permite-nos chegar numa primeira fase à validação da hipótese estabelecida, mas ao mesmo tempo, a importância de incluir metodologias como a Dinâmica de Sistemas que permite a análise sistémica da informação estabelecida por outros atores e seu impacto no sistema colaborativo proposto.

Risk of bias in dentistry-related randomized controlled trials in spanish language journals

Objectives: To assess the risk of bias (RoB) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in dental journals in the Spanish language. Methods: A systematic retrospective survey was conducted of all RCTs published from 1980 to 2019 in dentistry Spanish and Latin American journals. We extracted data and performed RoB assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: 292 RCTs published in 51 journals were included. The best-rated domains were incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other biases. The domains assessed with higher proportions of an unclear or high risk of bias were sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding of outcome assessment. There is a low proportion of RCTs published in Spanish language journals. However, the number has been increasing over the years, and the low risk of bias assessment rates across domains show an increasing trend. Conclusions: A low percentage of Spanish-language dental journals issue RCTs. Our assessment of these RCTs' RoB suggests higher difficulties in the design and conduction phase than in the posterior reporting stage.

As práticas profissionais realizadas em situações de maus-tratos infantis: uma revisão integrativa / Professional practices in situations of child abuse: an integrative review

Resumo A violência infantil é um problema que afeta crianças no mundo todo. O presente estudo objetiva identificar e analisar os principais resultados apresentados em artigos publicados no Brasil sobre as práticas profissionais desenvolvidas em situações de maus-tratos infantis. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, no SciELO Brasil, nos Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior do Ministério da Educação (CAPES/MEC), no MEDLARS ONLINE (Medline), na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS Saúde) e nos Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (Pepsic), abrangendo publicações de 2017 a 2022. Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 24 artigos foram selecionados para a análise. Os resultados apontam a dificuldade na proteção integral da criança devido à deficiência na formação do profissional, que influencia na identificação e notificação do abuso infantil. O presente estudo revela o lugar que os maus-tratos infantis ocupam na formação dos profissionais e subsidia pesquisas futuras sobre práticas profissionais para o enfrentamento da violência infantil.

Abstract Child abuse is a problem that affects children all over the world. The present study therefore aimed to identify and analyze the main findings relating to professional practices for dealing with situations of child maltreatment in articles published in Brazil. To this end, we conducted an integrative literature review of articles published between 2017 and 2022 based on searches of the following databases: Google Scholar, SciELO Brasil, the periodicals database of the Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), MEDLINE, the Virtual Health Library, and Electronic Journals in Psychology (PePSIC). A total of 24 publications were selected for the review after screening the titles and abstracts. The findings reveal several challenges to ensuring the protection of children caused by shortcomings in professional training, which have a negative influence on the identification and reporting of child maltreatment. The present study reveals the lack of priority given to the issue of child maltreatment in professional training and provides important inputs to inform future research on professional practices for dealing with child violence.

Reporting of conflict of interests, source of funding, and ethics committee approval in randomized trials of three clinical specialties published in Spanish language

Background: Confidence in the results reported by randomized clinical trials (RCTs) depends mainly on the internal validity of the trial and its conduct, but also on other aspects related to health research such as the complete reporting of conflicts of interest (COI), funding sources and approval by ethics committees. Bias in the study results may arise from any one of these elements. Prior studies have explored the reporting of these items in the medical literature, but there are no reports on RCTs published in Spanish and Latin American journals. This study aimed to evaluate the reporting of COIs, funding sources, and approval by ethics committees of RCTs published in Spanish and Latin American journals in dentistry, geriatrics and neurology. Methods: We did a systematic retrospective survey of all RCTs published from 1990 to 2018 in dentistry, neurology, and geriatrics journals published in Spain and Latin America and included in the BADERI database (Iberoamerican journals and trials database by its initials in Spanish). We completed with hand searching. We included RCTs with a recoverable full text published between 1990 and 2018. We extracted data on sources of funding, COI statements, and ethics reviews. The extraction of these items in the RCTs included was done independently by two pairs of reviewers and in parallel for each article, with a third independent reviewer resolving discrepancies. We analysed compliance for each item. Results: We identified RCTs in 69 journals from Spain and Latin American countries. Dentistry accounted for 75% (n = 52) of the journals, neurology 20.6% (n = 14), and geriatrics 4.4% (n = 3). Of the total number of RCTs included in this study (n = 392), only 102 (26%) reported the presence or absence of a COI, 103 (26%) studies reported funding, and 43 (36%) included the ethics committee approval. Conclusions: RCTs published in the Spanish language in dentistry, neurology, and geriatrics had poor compliance with the reporting of a COI, source of funding, and ethics committee approval. Future research should evaluate the accuracy and completeness of COI statements and their relationship to the funding source and direction of the results.

Knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of a group of turkish dentists regarding child abuse / Conocimientos, actitudes y experiencias de un grupo de dentistas turcos en relación con el abuso infantil

Child abuse is a universal problem with critical lifelong effects. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, experiences of dentists regarding child abuse and to increase relevant awareness of them. A self-administered questionnaire with 48 questions about dentists' personal and educational information and their level of knowledge, attitudes, experiences on child abuse was implemented. Out of targeted 305 participants, 183 (60.0%) returned completely filled out questionnaires. Majority of participants knew signs and symptoms of child abuse. Of the participants, more than half were well-informed on what to do, however, one quarter had no knowledge about where to report in case of child abuse. In identifying child abuse, 39.3% of the participants found themselves inadequate. The most commonly stated reason for low rate of reporting was hesitancy to identify the case as abuse, and all participants needed more training. Only 12 (6.6%) participants suspected a case of child abuse. Dentists who had children and were long-time experienced and generalist did not have sufficient knowledge about legal obligations, signs and symptoms of child abuse (p<0.05). Arrangements and training programs to increase knowledge, awareness, and responsibility levels of dentists about child abuse appear to be a critically important topic.

El abuso infantil es un problema universal con efectos críticos de por vida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las experiencias de los dentistas con respecto el abuso infantil y aumentar la conciencia relevante sobre ellos. Se implementó un cuestionario autoadministrado con 48 preguntas sobre información personal y educativa de los odontólogos y su nivel de conocimientos, actitudes, experiencias sobre el abuso infantil. De los 305 participantes seleccionados, 183 (60.0%) devolvieron los cuestionarios completos. La mayoría de los participantes conocían los signos y síntomas del abuso infantil. De los participantes, más de la mitad estaban bien informados sobre qué hacer, sin embargo, una cuarta parte no sabía dónde denunciar en caso de abuso infantil. Al identificar el abuso infantil, el 39.3% de los participantes se encontraron inadecuados. La razón más común para la baja tasa de informes fue la vacilación para identificar el caso como abuso, y todos los participantes necesitaban más capacitación. Solo 12 (6.6%) participantes sospecharon un caso de abuso infantil. Los odontólogos que tenían hijos y eran de larga experiencia y generalistas no tenían suficiente conocimiento sobre las obligaciones legales, signos y síntomas de abuso infantil (p<0,05). Los arreglos y los programas de capacitación para aumentar los niveles de conocimiento, conciencia y responsabilidad de los dentistas sobre el abuso infantil parecen ser un tema de importancia crítica.

A study on the knowledge, attitude, and practice on adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance among nursing staff

Background: Lack of knowledge of pharmacovigilance and underreporting of adverse drug reaction (ADR) are worldwide problems of big concern. Gross underreporting of ADR in India led to increased hospital admissions, increase in length of hospital stay, and increase in healthcare cost burden. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice on ADR and pharmacovigilance among nursing staff in Gandhi Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional, and observational study was conducted among nursing staff in a tertiary care Centre. Data were collected in the form of a validated questionnaire comprised of 17 questions regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staff toward ADR and Pharmacovigilance. Data were analysis by descriptive statistics and result was computed. Results: Around 33% of respondents were aware of Pharmacovigilance program of India and 99% of them had knowledge about main objective of pharmacovigilance. Out of total filled questionnaire received, only 12% nurses practiced reporting ADR. The major factor discouraging participants from reporting ADR was lack of time to report. The majority of nursing staff had a positive attitude toward awareness of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. Conclusion: Our study has shown that there is lack of correct knowledge regarding ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance among staff nurses. Although, the attitude toward ADR reporting was adequate, the actual practice of ADR reporting is unsatisfactory. Hence, it is essential to train staff nurses regarding pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting

Leishmaniasis cutánea en Colombia: una mirada epidemiológica / Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: an epidemiological overview

La leishmaniasis resulta una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por un protozoo del género Leishmania. Esta constituye un problema de salud importante para diversas regiones de América Latina. El aislamiento social impuesta a raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19 favoreció que disminuyera la incidencia de esta entidad, pero las actividades sociales de la normalidad se retomaron paulatinamente, imponiéndose que se retomen las medidas de seguimiento y control correspondientes.

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. Leishma-niasis constitutes a significant health problem for various regions of Latin America. The social isolation imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic favored a decrease in the incidence of this entity. However, regular social activities were gradually resumed, imposing the correspon-ding monitoring and control measures.

Prevalência e fatores associados à negligência contra crianças em um estado brasileiro / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la negligencia contra niños en un estado brasileño / Prevalence and factors associated child neglect in a Brazilian state

RESUMO Objetivo Quantificar a prevalência da negligência contra a criança e identificar seus fatores associados, a partir dos casos notificados no estado do Espírito Santo no período entre 2011 e 2018. Métodos Estudo transversal com dados notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) com todos os casos notificados de negligência contra a criança no período de 2011 a 2018 no Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram estudadas as características da vítima, do autor e da agressão e as associações foram analisadas por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Resultados A frequência de negligência foi 31,3%, sendo mais prevalente no sexo masculino (RP: 1,48; IC95%: 1,34-1,63); na faixa etária de 0 a 2 anos (RP: 3,05; IC95%: 2,65-3,51); entre agressores do sexo feminino (RP: 16,20; IC95%: 9,98-26,32), e, em relação ao vínculo nota-se a maior prevalência de pais/padrastos (RP: 6,69; IC95%: 4,16-10,74), ambos os pais (RP: 4,41; IC95%: 2,84-6,85) e mães/madrastas (RP: 2,94; IC95%: 2,20-3,93). Conclusões e Implicações para a prática A magnitude de negligência contra crianças no Espírito Santo foi expressiva, demonstrando a necessidade de avançar no entendimento deste fenômeno e na implementação de políticas públicas intersetoriais ampliadas que visem garantir condições adequadas para o crescimento e desenvolvimento na infância.

RESUMEN Objetivo Cuantificar la prevalencia del abandono infantil e identificar sus factores asociados, a partir de los casos notificados en el estado de Espírito Santo entre 2011 y 2018. Métodos Estudio transversal con datos notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Notificable (SINAN) con todos los casos reportados de negligencia infantil entre 2011 y 2018 en Espírito Santo, Brasil. Se estudiaron las características de la víctima, del agresor y de la agresión y se analizaron las asociaciones mediante Regresión de Poisson. Resultados La frecuencia de abandono fue del 31,3%, siendo más prevalente en el sexo masculine (RP: 1,48; IC95%: 1,34-1,63); en el grupo de edad de 0 a 2 años (RP: 3,05; IC95%: 2,65-3,51); entre las mujeres agresoras (RP: 16,20; IC95%: 9,98-26,32), y en relación al vínculo hay mayor prevalencia de padres/padrastros (RP: 6,69; IC95%: 4,16-10,74), ambos padres (RP: 4,41; IC95%: 2,84-6,85) y madres/madrastras (RP: 2,94; IC95%: 2,20-3,93). Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica La magnitud del abandono de los niños fue expresiva, demostrando la necesidad de avanzar en la comprensión de este fenómeno y en la implementación de políticas públicas intersectoriales ampliadas que tengam como objetivo garantizar condiciones adecuadas para el crecimiento y desarrollo en la infancia.

ABSTRACT Objective To quantify the prevalence of neglect against the child and identify its associated factors, based on the cases reported in the state of Espírito Santo between 2011 and 2018. Methods Cross-sectional study with data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) with all reported cases of child neglect from 2011 to 2018 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The characteristics of the victim, author, and aggression were studied, and the associations were analyzed by Poisson regression. Results The frequency of neglect was 31.3%, being more prevalent in males (PR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.34-1.63); for the age group of zero to two years (PR: 3.05; 95%CI: 2.65-3.51); among female aggressors (PR: 16.20; 95%CI: 9.98-26.32), and regarding the bond to the victim, we note the highest prevalence of parents/stepfathers (PR: 6.69; 95%CI: 4.16-10.74), both parents (PR: 4.41; 95%CI: 2.84-6.85) and mothers/stepmothers (PR: 2.94; 95%CI: 2.20-3.93). Conclusions and Implications for the practice The magnitude of child neglect in Espírito Santo was significant, showing the need to advance in the understanding of this phenomenon and in the implementation of expanded intersectoral public policies aimed at ensuring adequate conditions for growth and development in childhood.

Perceptions of incidents and incident reporting among staff nurses in a tertiary Philippine hospital

INTRODUCTION@#The number of injuries and expenses from unsafe delivery of health care has heeded the call for a greater patient safety advocacy. The development of an effective reporting system contributes towards this cause. The study aimed to explore the perceptions of nurses regarding critical incidents and investigate the factors affecting their decision to report a certain event.@*METHODS@#Focus group discussions including 28 nurses working in the service wards of a tertiary hospital, and the data gathered were analyzed using descriptive qualitative approach.@*RESULTS@#Three key themes emerged from the discussions: (1) perceptions of an incident, (2) attitudes, norms, and culture of incident reporting in the workplace, and (3) perceptions and suggestions for management actions and improving the reporting system. The study showed that various factors tend to interplay in the identification of an incident as well as the consideration to perform the behavior.@*DISCUSSION@#The primary practice and education implications focus on changing the workplace culture and proper orientation of the staff, while further research regarding the role of reporting, and appropriate analysis of error reporting among other health care professionals would be recommended.

Diagnostic value of CEM and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions based on the 2013 BI-RADS lexicon and the supplement on CEM / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions based on the 2013 breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) lexicon and the supplement on CEM.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 83 patients with breast lesions from March 2019 to April 2022 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively analyzed. Totally 100 breast lesions from 83 female patients aged 28 to 78 (49±14) years, were divided into benign lesions (50 lesions) and malignant lesions (50 lesions) according to the pathological results. The t-test, χ 2 test and Fisher′s exact test were used to compare the differences of clinical and imaging features between benign and malignant lesions, and these imaging features which had statistical differences were established CEM and MRI models by multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of two models in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Using the DeLong test compared the AUC. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that associated features (OR=9.075,95%CI 1.430-57.570, P=0.019), lesion conspicuity (OR=6.180,95%CI 2.608-14.646, P<0.001), mass margin (OR=2.193,95%CI 1.405-3.422, P=0.001) and calcification distribution (OR=2.147,95%CI 1.157-3.986, P=0.015) were independent predictors of differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions in CEM, and then the predictive model of CEM was constructed. Time-signal intensity curve (OR=9.230, 95%CI 3.178-26.805, P<0.001), associated features (OR=5.289,95%CI 1.343-20.831, P=0.017) and mass margin (OR=2.192,95%CI 1.336-3.597, P=0.002) were independent predictors of differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions in MRI, and the predictive model of MRI was constructed. The AUC of CEM and MRI models for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions were 0.947 and 0.930 respectively, and two models were no significant difference ( Z=0.68, P=0.494). Conclusion:The diagnostic efficacy of CEM and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions is comparable based on the 2013 BI-RADS lexicon and the supplement on CEM.

MRI-based neck imaging reporting and data systems in diagnosis of extracavity local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and posttreatment changes / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of neck imaging reporting and data systems (NI-RADS) based on MRI in extracavity local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (ELRNPC) and posttreatment changes (PTC).Methods:From April 2015 to September 2020, 33 cases of ELRNPC and 37 cases of PTC confirmed by pathology or follow-up were retrospectively enrolled at Zhongshan City People′s Hospital. Two radiologists independently evaluated the conventional MRI findings using NI-RADS criteria in the first step, then evaluated with conventional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences in the second step. All images were re-evaluated by one senior radiologist in the same steps after three months. Inter- and intra-reader agreements were assessed with Cohen′s Kappa test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess the diagnostic values of NI-RADS categories between ELRNPC and PTC. The area under the curve (AUC) was compared by Delong test.Results:Inter- and intra-reader agreements of Kappa value were 0.742 and 0.909 for conventional MRI and 0.807 and 0.934 for conventional MRI with DWI. In the differential diagnosis of ELRNPC and PTC, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of NI-RADS categories based on conventional MRI were 0.932 (95%CI 0.846-0.978), 87.9% (95%CI 71.8%-96.6%), 94.6% (95%CI 81.8%-99.3%), and of NI-RADS based on conventional MRI with DWI were 0.991 (95%CI 0.933-1.000), 93.9% (95%CI 79.8%-99.3%), 97.3% (95%CI 85.8%-99.9%), respectively. There was a statistical difference between the AUCs of the two categories ( Z=2.20, P=0.028). Conclusions:For both the NI-RADS based on MRI with or without DWI, the differential diagnostic value of ELRNPC and PTC is excellent, while the consistency and diagnostic performance are more substantial when combined with DWI.

The consistency and application value of MRI-based ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system in the diagnosis of ovarian adnexal masses / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the consistency of MRI-based ovarian-adnexal report and data system (O-RADS) score and its diagnostic value for ovarian adnexal masses.Methods:The MRI data of 309 patients with ovarian adnexal masses confirmed by pathology were retrospectively collected from January 2017 to August 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, including 327 lesions consisted of 250 benign lesions, 21 borderline lesions, and 56 malignant lesions confirmed by pathology. Borderline and malignant lesions were classified into the malignant group ( n=77) and benign lesions were classified as benign group ( n=250). Two radiologists scored all lesions according to the MRI-based O-RADS, and scored again after 6 months. The proportion of borderline/malignant lesions in each MRI-based O-RADS score was calculated. The weighted Kappa test was used to assess the intra-reader and inter-reader consistency of the image interpretation results. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MRI-based O-RADS classification for distinguishing benign and malignant ovarian adnexal masses. Results:The weighted Kappa value of the MRI-based O-RADS score between the two radiologists was 0.810 (95%CI 0.764-0.855), and the weighted Kappa values of the two radiologists′ scores at different times were 0.848 (95%CI 0.806-0.889) and 0.875 (95%CI 0.835-0.914), respectively. The borderline/malignant lesions accounted for 0/16, 0.8% (1/127), 10.1% (10/99), 76.0% (57/75), 9/10 and 0/17, 0 (0/122), 8.0% (8/100), 76.2% (48/63), and 84.0% (21/25) of the lesions in the two radiologists based on the MRI O-RADS score of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. When adopting O-RADS score>3 as a cut-off value, the area under the ROC curve of the two radiologists for distinguishing benign and malignant ovarian adnexal masses was 0.928 (95%CI 0.895-0.954) and 0.942 (95%CI 0.911-0.965), respectively. The sensitivity was 0.857 and 0.896, the specificity was 0.924 and 0.924, and the accuracy was 0.908 and 0.917 respectively.Conclusion:The MRI-based O-RADS yields high diagnostic efficiency in the evaluation of benign and malignant ovarian adnexal masses, and the intra-reader and inter-reader consistency of the image interpretation is strong.

The value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography of internal and peripheral regions combined with clinical factors in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system category 4 / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) of internal and peripheral regions combined with clinical factors in predicting benign and malignant breast lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system category 4 (BI-RADS 4).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of patients with breast lesions who were treated in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Center 1) Affiliated to Qingdao University from July 2017 to July 2020 and in Fudan University Cancer Hospital (Center 2) from June 2019 to July 2020. Center 1 included 835 patients, all female, aged 17-80 (49±12) years, divided into training set (667 cases) and test set (168 cases) according to the "train-test-split" function in Python software at a ratio of 8∶2; and 49 patients were included from Center 2 as external validation set, all female, aged 34-70 (51±8) years. The radiomics features were extracted from the intralesional region (ITR), the perilesional regions of 5, 10 mm (PTR 5 mm, PTR10 mm) and the intra-and perilesional regions of 5, 10 mm (IPTR 5 mm, IPTR 10 mm) and were selected by variance filtering, SelectKBest algorithm, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Then five radiomics signatures were constructed including ITR signature, PTR 5 mm signature, PTR 10 mm signature, IPTR 5 mm signature, IPTR 10 mm signature. In the training set, univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to construct nomograms by selecting radiomics signatures and clinical factors with significant difference between benign and malignant BI-RADS type 4 breast lesions. The efficacy of nomogram in predicting benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 breast lesions was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). Decision curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the net benefit and calibration capability of the nomogram.Results:The nomogram included ITR signature, PTR 5 mm signature, PTR 10 mm signature, IPTR 5 mm signature, age, and BI-RADS category 4 subclassification for differentiating malignant and benign BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions and obtained AUCs of 0.94, 0.92, and 0.95 in the training set, test set, and external validation set, respectively. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted probabilities and actual results and the decision curve indicated a good net benefit of the nomogram for predicting malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions in the training set, test set, and external validation set.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed from the radiomics features of the internal and surrounding regions of CESM breast lesions combined with clinical factors is attributed to differentiate benign from malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions.

Application value of S-Detect combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 breast lesions / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To assess the value of S-Detect and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System(BI-RADS) 4 breast lesions.Methods:A total of 104 breast lesions in 100 patients diagnosed as BI-RADS category 4 by conventional ultrasound were prospectively enrolled, and all of them were received S-Detect and CEUS examination at the same time. Taking pathology as the gold standard, ROC curve was constructed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound, S-Detect, CEUS and their combination.Results:Among the 104 BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions, 63 were benign and 41 were malignant. The sensitivities of conventional ultrasound, S-Detect, CEUS and S-Detect combined with CEUS were 73.17%, 87.80%, 87.80%, 90.24%; the specificities were 57.14%, 60.32%, 68.25%, 77.78%; the positive predictive values were 52.63%, 59.02%, 64.29% and 72.55%; the negative predictive values were 76.60%, 88.37%, 89.59% and 92.45%; the accuracies were 63.46%, 71.15%, 75.96% and 82.69%; and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.652, 0.741, 0.780 and 0.840. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of S-Detect and CEUS diagnosis were improved compared with conventional ultrasound. The AUC of combined diagnosis was higher than that of S-Detect, CEUS alone, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The AUC of CEUS was higher than that of conventional ultrasound, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in AUC between any two of other groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The combined application of S-Detect and CEUS could achieve complementary advantages, which is of great significance for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant in BI-RADS 4 breast lesions.

Correlation analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System classification with hepatocellular carcinoma differentiation and Ki-67 index / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) classified by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) Liver Imaging Data and Report System (LI-RADS) with differentiation degree and Ki-67 index.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted.The clinical and CEUS imaging data of 208 patients with 208 HCC lesions from December 2017 to December 2020 in China CEUS database were included and analyzed. According to the CEUS LI-RADS version 2017 proposed by the American College of Radiology, the HCC was classified. The diagnosis and pathological information of all lesions were confirmed by pathology. The differentiation degree of HCC and the distribution of Ki-67 index in different LI-RADS categories were evaluated, and their correlation was analyzed.Results:The degree of differentiation and Ki-67 index among HCC of different CEUS LI-RADS were statistically significant ( P<0.001, P=0.009). LI-RADS M HCC was more likely to be poorly differentiated and showed a higher Ki-67 index. The category of LI-RADS was positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation (tau-b=-0.250, P<0.001) and the Ki-67 index (tau-b=0.178, P=0.002), that is, the higher the category of LI-RADS, the lower differentiation degree and the higher the Ki-67. Conclusions:The CEUS LI-RADS classification of HCC is correlating with the degree of differentiation and Ki-67 index.

Risk factors and predictive effectiveness of PI-RADS after targeted combined system puncture for CsPCa patients with 3 points / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the risk factors and predictive effectiveness of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score for patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) whose PI-RADS score was 3, so as to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment. 【Methods】 The clinical and multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) data of 153 CsPCa patients treated during Jan.2017 and Dec.2021 whose PI-RADS score was 3 were retrospectively analyzed. With PI-RADS score of 3 as the independent risk factor for CsPCa, the other relevant independent risk factors in predicting CsPCa were evaluated. 【Results】 Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density and apparent dispersion coefficient (ADC) were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of CsPCa (P<0.05). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that combined PSA density and ADC were more effective than PSA density and ADC alone (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The combination of PSA density and ADC can guide clinicians to identify high-risk CsPCa patients from patients with PI-RADS score of 3 points.

Application of intelligent information system of transfusion reactions in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the application effect of intelligent information system of transfusion reactions(referred to as the system) in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a total of 67 914 blood transfusion patients in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2023. The patients were divided into the control group (n =36 367, with conventional transfusion management) and the observation group (n =31 547, with management by the system).The incidence of adverse reactions, the supervision and management scores, reporting time and processing time of adverse reactions, and patient satisfaction with blood transfusion in the two groups was observed. 【Results】 The incidence of transfusion reactions in the observation group and the control group was 0.23% (72/31 547) and 0.24% (86/36 367), with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The quality scores of the reporting, registration, processing and supervision, and the total scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group:(21.46±2.76) vs (17.38±2.74) points, (21.65±2.80) vs (16.98±3.20) points, (22.30±2.42) vs (18.80±3.15) points, (22.85±2.10) vs (18.55 ± 3.06) points, and (90.38±5.96) vs (75.26 ± 6.10) points, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The reporting time and processing time of transfusion reactions in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group: (3.26±0.45) vs (7.25±1.26) minutes, (10.38±2.96) vs (20.26±2.10) minutes, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate with blood transfusion of the observation group was 99.95% (31 532/31 547), higher than 99.62% (36 229/36 367) of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The application of the system in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions has achieved ideal results, including improving the quality of monitoring and management, shortening the reporting and processing time of transfusion reactions, and improving patient satisfaction with transfusion, which is worth popularizing.

Evaluation on the timeliness of occupational disease online reporting and review in Guangdong Province, 2014-2022 / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the timeline of occupational disease online reporting and reviewing in Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2022. Methods Data and review information from the Occupational Diseases and Hazards Monitoring Information System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were collected to analyze the reporting timeline, review status, and timeline of review of "Occupational Disease Report Cards" for the years 2014 to 2022 in enterprises located in Guangdong Province. Results A total of 9 929 occupational disease report cards were recorded in Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2022, and the timely reporting rate of occupational diseases was 84.10%, with an overall upward trend. There was a statistically significant difference in the reporting time among different years (P<0.05), and the reporting time showed a downward trend. In 2022, the timely reporting rate of all cities reached over 80.00%. The final review rate of occupational disease report cards was 85.02%, and the review rate and timely review rate at the county level showed an increasing trend. The occupational disease report card audit timeliness rate from high to low was provincial, district county and city level (61.26% vs 43.87% vs 36.72%, all P<0.05). Conclusion The timeline of occupational disease reporting in Guangdong Province is relatively high, and the review at all levels is generally good. However, further improvement is needed for timely review at the municipal and county levels.