Evaluation of kidney injury through early markers in canine pyometra / Avaliação de lesão renal através de marcadores precoce em piometra canina

Fourteen female dogs diagnosed with pyometra were studied at three separate times: at diagnosis (T0) and 24 h (T1) and 10-15 days (T2) after ovariohysterectomy (OH). The means of the markers, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) (17.71 to 26.54 µg/dL) and the urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase to creatinine ratio (uGGT/uCr) (1.06 to 2.62 U/mg), varied, showing an increase with time. Further, the elevation of gamma-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) (56.61 to 128.12 U/L) and the urinary protein to creatinine ratio (RPC) (0.26 to 1.24) was evident at T0 and T1. A reduction in the means of RPC, uGGT, and uGGT/uCr was observed 10-15 days after OH. Despite the elevation of these markers, the concentration of creatinine (1.11 to 1.40 mg/dL), urea (40.07 to 67.16 mg/dL), and urinary specific gravity (1.027 to 1.028) only presented slight variation. In canine pyometra, complications secondary to acute renal injury may be present that may be mild and transient in most treated animals. As elevation in SDMA and RPC preceded changes in creatinine levels for the evaluation of glomerular filtration, tubular markers could assist in the early identification of renal damage in canine pyometra.(AU)

Catorze cadelas com diagnóstico de piometra foram estudadas em três tempos distintos, sendo no momento do diagnóstico (T0), 24 horas (T1) e 10 a 15 dias (T2) após a ovário-histerectomia (OH). O objetivo foi avaliar o uso de diferentes biomarcadores renais em cadelas com piometra e estimar suas precocidades diante do agravo. As médias em dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA) (17,71 a 26,54µg/dL) e relação gama-glutamil transferase e creatinina urinária (uGGT/uCr) (1,06 a 2,62U/mg) variara, apresentando aumento em todos os momentos. Já a elevação do gama-glutamil transferase (uGGT) (56,61 a 128,12 U/L) e da razão proteína e creatinina urinárias (RPC) (0,26 a 1,24) foram evidenciadas nos dois primeiros tempos. Uma redução na média do RPC, uGGT e uGGT/uCr foi observada 10-15 dias após a implantação do tratamento (OH). Apesar da elevação desses marcadores, a concentração de creatinina (1,11 a 1,40mg/dL), ureia (40,07 a 67,16mg/dL) e densidade urinária (1,027 a 1,028) sofreram poucas variações. Em piometra canina, as complicações renais agudas secundárias podem estar presentes, ainda que leve e transitória nos animais tratados. Os marcadores tubulares foram considerados precoces na injúria renal aguda. Além disso, a SDMA e o RPC antecederam as alterações de creatinina em todos os tempos analisados.(AU)

Polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with immune reproductive disorders: A reproductive study

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGOUND:</strong> Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is usually present with reproductive dysfunction. Ovarian function of women with polycystic ovary syndrome might be disturbed, with resultant abnormal folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. Although it is difficult to define the exact pathogenesis of anovulation, multiple other possible abnormalities have been postulated as contributory factors in the reproductive failure.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The study aimed to determine the association of polycystic ovary syndrome with immune reproductive disorder.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> The study was carried out in a private institution from October 2017 to November 2017. A total of 192 patients were included in the study with ages ranging from 19-40 years old. Review of clinical charts and laboratory results were the primary mode of data gathering. The primary outcome of the study was the presence of immune reproductive disorders among women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. The Rotterdam criteria were used for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and positive results of immunoassays for the five categories were used for the basis for diagnosis of the immune reproductive disorder.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> A total of 102 patients were included in the first group and 90 were included in the second group. Out of 102 in Group A, 66 (64.71%) tested positive for immune reproductive disorder. On the other hand, out of 90 patients in Group B, 59 (65.56%) tested positive for immune reproductive disorder. The computed relative risk is almost 1, which means that there is no difference in the risk of having immune reproductive disorder for patients with or without polycystic ovary syndrome.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Current evidence does not support a central role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of PCOS.</p>

Mycoplasma agalactiae in semen and milk of goat from Pernambuco state, Brazil / Mycoplasma agalactiae em sêmen e leite de caprinos do estado de Pernambuco

In goat and sheep flocks, mycoplasmosis is a disease that may cause severe economical losses associated with polyarthritis, mastitis, agalactia, conjunctivitis, pneumonia and reproductive failure. The latter may involve repeat breeding, granular vulvovaginitis, infertility and abortions. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) in semen and milk samples from naturally infected goat in the semiarid region from Pernambuco State, Northeast from Brazil. Thirty-nine semen samples and 81 milk samples were submitted to DNA extraction using a commercially available kit and following the manufacturer's instructions. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then performed in accordance with protocols described in the literature. The results of the present study revealed the presence of Ma in the DNA of 17.9% (7/39) of the semen samples and 3.7% (3/81) of the milk samples. The results obtained in the present study confirm the elimination of the DNA of Ma in the semen and milk samples. The presence of this agent in goat flocks is considered very risky in terms of reproductive disorders and contagious agalactia outbreaks in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Em caprinos e ovinos as micoplasmoses causam sérias perdas econômicas associadas com poliartrites, mastites, agalaxia, conjuntivite, pneumonias e falhas reprodutivas. Esta última pode envolver repetição de cio, vulvovaginite granular, infertilidade e abortos. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) em sêmen e leite de caprinos naturalmente infectados procedentes de regiões semiáridas do Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram usadas 39 amostras de sêmen e 81 de leite, as quais foram submetidas à extração do DNA genômico usando um kit comercial, seguindo as instruções do fabricante. A reação da PCR foi realizada de acordo com protocolo previamente descrito na literatura. Os resultados revelaram a presença de DNA de Ma nas amostras de sêmen com uma frequência de 17,9% (7/39) e no leite a frequência encontrada foi de 3,7% (3/81). Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo confirmam a eliminação de DNA de Ma nas amostras de sêmen e leite analisadas. A presença deste agente nos rebanhos caprinos pode ser considerada um risco para doenças reprodutivas e surtos de agalaxia contagiosa na região Nordeste do Brasil.