Male reproductive system and simulated high-altitude environment: preliminary results in rats / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment. Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups that were exposed to different conditions: a normal environment for 6 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively, hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks, and hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks followed by a normal environment for 6 weeks. Multiple pathophysiological parameters were evaluated at the histological, endocrine, and molecular levels. Hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 6 weeks during the prepubertal phase significantly altered physiological parameters, body functions, blood indices, and reproductive potential. Six weeks after returning to a normal environment, the damaged reproductive functions partially recovered due to compensatory mechanisms. However, several changes were not reversed after returning to a normal environment for 6 weeks, including disorders of body development and metabolism, increased red blood cells, increased fasting blood glucose, abnormal blood lipid metabolism, decreased testicular and epididymis weights, abnormal reproductive hormone levels, excessive apoptosis of reproductive cells, and decreased sperm concentration. In summary, a hypobaric hypoxic environment significantly impaired the reproductive function of prepubertal male rats, and a return to normal conditions during the postpubertal phase did not fully recover these impairments.

Potencial reprodutivo (PR) de touros Nelore avaliados por parâmetros andrológicos e comportamento sexual. Classificação por pontos: nova proposição / [Reproductive potential of Nelore bulls evaluated by andrological parameters and sexual behavior. Classification by points - a new proposition]

Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar variações de parâmetros andrológicos e comportamentais de touros Nelore de diferentes faixas etárias, calcular seu potencial reprodutivo (PR) e propor uma nova tabela de classificação por pontos, de acordo com as médias atualmente alcançadas por eles nas características estudadas. Foram utilizados dados de 6162 exames andrológicos de touros da raça Nelore, entre 12 e 80 meses de idade, em regime de monta natural. O número de touros classificados como aptos consistiu em 88,9% dos animais avaliados (n=5480), sendo 51,6% desses considerados excelentes (n=2827), 41,2% muito bons (n=2257) e 7,2% considerados bons (n=394). Entre os animais questionáveis (n=682; 11,1%), 79,6% foram classificados como inaptos temporários (n=542) e 20,4% (n=139) como animais descarte, de acordo com o exame andrológico, independentemente do teste da libido. O número de touros classificados como excelentes se reduziu para 752 (12,2%) quando dados de comportamento sexual foram incluídos para definição do seu PR. Concluiu-se que o uso de tabelas de classificação andrológica por pontos com atualizações técnicas beneficia a seleção mais apurada de touros Nelore. O teste da libido é ferramenta importante para a determinação do PR, o qual permite melhor aproveitamento dos reprodutores.(AU)

This study aimed to compare variations of andrological and behavioral parameters from Nelore bulls of different ages, to calculate their reproductive potential (RP) and propose a new classification table by points, considering current averages in each reproductive trait studied. Data were collected from 6162 breeding soundness examinations of Nelore bulls aged between 12 and 80 months, under natural mating. According to andrological parameters, regardless of the libido test, the number of bulls classified as approved was 88.9% (n= 5480), being 51.6% considered as excellent (n= 2827), 41.2% very good (n= 2257) and 7.2% considered as good (n= 394). Among the animals considered as questionable (n= 682; 11.1%), 79.6% were classified as temporarily reproved (n= 542) and 20.4% (n= 139) as discarded animals. The number of bulls classified as excellent decreased to 752 (12.2%) when sexual behavior data were included to define their RP. It was concluded that the use of tables for andrological classification by points with technical updates improves the reproductive selection of Nelore bulls. The libido test is an important tool for RP determination which provides better utilization of the sires.(AU)

Clinical study of the effect on reproductive potential of salpingectomy in child-bearing period women / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To analyze the effect on reproductive potential of salpingectomy in child-bearing period women.Methods Two hundred and forty-six tubal pregnancy patients were chosen,among whom 164 patients performed salpingectomy were classified as research group,and 82 patients retained ipsilateral tubal through conservative treatment were classified as control group.The levels of sex hormone,ovarian volume,sinus number of follicle,ovulation rate,reproductive outcome and reproductive status were compared between 2 groups.Seven patients were lost in research group,and 3 patients were lost in control group.Results One,three and six months after β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) put back,the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH) in research group were significantly higher than those in control group,FSH:(10.00 ±4.82) U/L vs.(6.69 ± 2.71) U/L,(9.11 ± 3.77)U/L vs.(6.81 ± 2.80) U/L,(8.30 ± 3.49) U/L vs.(6.41 ± 2.41) U/L;LH:(8.74 ± 3.56) U/L vs.(6.10 ± 2.59)U/L,(9.42 ± 3.09) U/L vs.(5.79 ± 2.10) U/L,(7.96 ± 2.53) U/L vs.(6.50 ± 2.71) U/L,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).One and three months after β-hCG put back,the serum levels of estradiol (E2) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in research group were significantly lower than those in control group,E2:(111.44 ± 22.24) pmol/L vs.(128.22 ± 24.01) pmol/L,(108.74 ± 21.67) pmol/L vs.(126.30 ± 23.78) pmol/L;AMH:(3.22 ± 0.85) μ g/L vs.(3.64 ± 0.87) μ g/L,(3.67 ± 0.94) μ g/L vs.(3.83 ± 1.12) μ g/L,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).Six months after β-hCG put back,there was no statistical difference in the serum levels of E2 and AMH:(127.85 ± 24.42) pmol/L vs.(131.28 ± 25.54) pmol/L and (4.35 ± 1.34) μ g/L vs.(4.47 ± 1.76) μ g/L,P ＞ 0.05.In salpingectomy patients,the ovarian volume and the sinus number of follicle at lesion side (salpingectomy side) after treatment of 6 months were significantly lower than those in no lesion side:(8.86 ± 2.36) cm3 vs.(9.74 ± 2.31) cm3 and (5.10 ± 1.14) pieces vs.(7.26 ± 2.52) pieces,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment of 2 years,the rate of ectopic pregnancy in control group was significantly higher than that in research group:12.66％ (10/79) vs.5.10％(8/157),and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Especially,the patients who retained ipsilateral tubal conservative treatment had higher ectopic pregnancy rate:8.86％ (7/79) vs.0,and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Salpingectomy can affect the reproductive potential,but it can decrease the probability of ectopic pregnancy.Whether patients with tubal pregnancy need to be treated by salpingectomy,depends on the extent of tubal lesions and fertility desire of the patients.

The effects of constant and alternating temperatures on the reproductive potential, life span, and life expectancy of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Dipteria: Tephritidae)

Ovarian development, oviposition, larval eclosion, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, ovarian, testis and ejaculatory apodeme measurements (length, width, and area), and the number of spermatozoa of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) were analyzed at alternating (20º/6ºC and 20º/13°C) and constant (6°C; 25°C) temperatures. Life span and life expectancy were also analyzed for both genders. All the results suggest that temperature, especially alternating temperatures, increase not only male and female reproductive potential but also their life span and life expectancy. These changes can be a powerful strategy triggered by A. fraterculus as a means to survive the stressful temperature conditions found in winter in the apple production region in Brazil, enabling this species to increase its population density and cause apple damage when spring begins.

O desenvolvimento ovariano, ovoposição, eclosão larval, atividade de ornitina descarboxilase (ODC), medidas de largura, comprimento e área do ovário, testículo e apódema ejaculatório e número de espermatozóides de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) foram analisados em temperaturas alternadas (20º/6°C e 20º/13°C) e constantes (6°C e 25°C). A longevidade e a expectativa de vida também foram analisadas em ambos os sexos. Todos os resultados sugerem que a temperatura baixa e principalmente as temperaturas alternadas afetam não somente o potencial reprodutivo de machos e fêmeas, mas também sua longevidade e expectativa de vida, prolongando-as. Essas mudanças podem ser uma poderosa estratégia usada por A. fraterculus para sobreviver às condições estressantes de temperatura observadas no inverno na região produtora de maçãs, tornando-as capazes de aumentar sua densidade populacional e causar dano à maçã no início da primavera.

Potencial reprodutivo, em condições de laboratório, de BiomphalariaglabrataSay (1818) e de Biomphalafiatenagophila D'Orbigny (1835), originárias do Município de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Reproductive potential, under laboratory conditions, of Biomphalaria glabrataSay (1818) and Biomphalafiatenagophila D'Orbigny (1835), originating from the Municipality of Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil

Para avaliar o potencial reprodutivo de cepas de Biomphalaria olabrata e Biomphalaria tenagophila, de Londrina, observaram-se, em condições de laboratório, 60 exemplares adultos de cada espécie, durante 184 e 192 dias, respectivamente. Diariamente anotou-se o número de desovas e a quantidade de ovos por desova; acompanhou-se, também, o desenvolvimento embrionário de ambas as espécies. Os 60 exemplares de Biomphalaria glabrata produziram 2318 cápsulas ovígeras, contendo em média 24,15 ovos por cápsula; a porcentagem de eclosão foi de 89,58% e o tempo mediano de evolução, 14 dias. Os 60 exemplares de Biomphalaria. tenagophila produziram 1233 cápsulas ovígeras com 27,10 ovos por cápsula; eclodi ram 72,30% dos ovos, com um tempo mediano de evolução de 22 dias. A análise estatística dos dados mostrou diferença significativa entre o número de cápsulas ovígeras produzidas (fecundidade), a porcentagem de eclosão da, desovas (fertilidade) e· o tempo de evolução embrionária das duas espécies, indicando maior potencial reprodutivo de Biomphalaria glabrata, em relação à cepa simpátrica de Biomphalaria tenagophila (AU).