Research progress on the influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among fire emergency rescuers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Under the new situation of professionalization reform for fire rescue forces in China, the research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of the emergency rescue personnel is expected to usher in a new stage. Based on some theoretical researches and practical results of domestic and foreign literature, this paper summarized the research results of the social and psychological factors of PTSD of emergency rescue personnel, and made suggestions and prospects for the future research and policy-making in related fields in China.

Psychological Support for Medical Rescue Teams in Emergencies / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@# Emergencies refer to those events that cause serious social harm, including natural disasters and public health events, and require emergency response. Medical rescue team is the main emergency rescue team. While carrying out the rescue mission, they are under great pressure both physically and mentally due to the unadaptability of the rescue environment, the lack of protective materials, overwork and other reasons, often resulting in fear, tension, anxiety, pessimism, self-blame and even acute stress disorder. Without timely and effective psychological support, long-term psychological problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder will remain after the event. Comprehensive psychological support includes psychological measurement of the whole rescue process, team formation before rescue and detailed psychological support intervention training, self-relaxation during rescue, basic life and safety guarantee, drug treatment, online psychological assistance, withdrawal of stressors after rescue and lifestyle reconstruction.

Information Communication Model of Disaster Emergency Rescue Team / 中国实用护理杂志

Disaster emergencies occur frequently in the world, and the related research on emergency rescue information communication model has been paid attention to. At present, most scholars mainly study the information communication model between the government ,the media and the public, the information communication model for rescue workers is less. This paper describes the three-step program communication model, SBAR communication model, AIDET communication model in detail, according to the rescue team face different communication objects, combined with the characteristics of the emergency rescue environment, the above three information communication model adjustment is suitable for the rescue team efficient communication, is conducive to improve the rescue efficiency.

Medical team arrangement and practice during fourth ASEAN regional forum disaster relief exercise / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To summarize the practices of national emergency medical rescue team in the fourth ASEAN regional forum disaster relief exercise.Methods The establishing principle and training mode of national emergency medical rescue team were introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the team were described in the preparation for exercise and rescue practice.Results The experience in Malaysia improved the team in emergency support.Conclusion The medical preparedness and rescue practice in transnational disaster relief are of great value for rapid response of national emergency medical rescue team.

A survey for constitution and equipment of national rescue team of abroad / 中国医学装备

Face to various disaster and dilemma, the tasks of national rescue team were fast and effective rescue, and reducing the harm of life and damage of property, and decreasing each damage to the lowest point. The ability of national rescue team could reflect the strength and developed degree of a national, it further more manifested the levels of medical rescue team. Face to major disasters, it was vital to provide humanitarian assistance for the affected people in disaster areas at the first time. Many developed countries have established national rescue teams and equipped various kinds of rescue equipment, and the disaster relief of medical team was regarded as the main force in emergency health rescue for disaster. refer to the constitution and equipment of national rescue team of developed countries has an important guiding role for perfection of emergency medical rescue in China.

Discussions on training methodology of equipments use for the national medical rescue team / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To study the training methods of equipments for the national medical rescue team,for the purpose of enhanced equipment operation ability of team members and enhanced overall capacity for emergency rescue.Methods Using such methods as investigation and discussion,procedures development,examination standards development,and training and examination.These methods are designed to improve the equipment training methods for the national medical rescue team.Results Following the training,get-ready time of the whole team is cut back from 200 minutes to 90 minutes,and the roll-up time from 170 minutes to 80 minutes.Number of equipments mastered by the whole team has risen from 147 pcs/sets(47.2 ％) to 290 pcs/sets(94.5 ％),while average number of equipments mastered per person has risen from 98 pcs/sets(31.9％) to 185 pcs/sets(60.3％).Conclusion The Equipment Operation Procedures List and Equipment Training and Examination Standards should be made in consideration of the development needs of a national medical rescue team and disaster rescue experiences.In addition,such trainings and examinations as those by means of whole team,groups,and group-section crossing can improve the emergency rescue capabilities of the national medical rescue team.

Physiological adaptability of members of Chinese National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team (CNEDERT) in altitude of Yushu area of Qinghai province and prevention of acute mountain sickness / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective As members of CNEDERT, we were trusted to take the mission of medical rescue in April of this year in Yushu area of Qinghai province. As soon as we heard of the news of earthquake with shock of 7.1 on Richter scale happened on 14th April 2010, our team of 32 members from the General Hospital of Armed Police Force rapidly rushed to get there at 19 o'clock on 14th April. It is a cold plateau with 4000 meters in average above sea level. Of course, they would face many difficult problems and some of them could not be figured out in advance. It was really a new and big challenge. First of all, we had to bear the very low barometric pressure,threatening lives of team members. In order to fulfill the mission of medical rescue, and to prevent the acute mountain sickness (AMS) ,we monitored the physiological changes of every member. Method A total of 32 members aged from 27 - 42 years old with average age of (33.26 + 12.54) years, 6 male and 6 female, gathered at Peking, 50 meters above sea level, 6 hours ahead of getting to Yushu and received physical examination with measurements of SaO2, HR, Hb and breath holding test. The team worked in Yushu area for 13 days and returned back to Peking on 27th April at 13 o'clock. The measurements of SaO2, HR and He were kept on from 14th April to 4th May, 21 days in total. The occurrence of AMS was surveyed by questionnaire from 18 to 48 hours after arrival,and the AMSA was diagnosed and scored according to the Lake Louise consensus on the definition and quantification of altitude illness. When the score was equal or above 3, it was considered to be AMS. Our work activities included searching the victims under the collapsed building, carrying out treatment and operation as soon as possible in the mobile hospital, doing medical round visiting, public health and disease prevention, work of joint rescue of multiple professions and psychological counseling. Results Of them 26 (81.25%) members suffered from AMS of various severities and few of them had pulmonary edema and hematuria, and those with SaO2 below 60% were sent down to the plain of low level above sea. The average level of SaO2 at Peking was ( 98.21 + 2.63) %, and it suddenly dropped to (66.31 ± 4.24)% on the first day of entering Yushu area, and from the 2nd day on, it gradually increased to (84.80 ± 4.20)% on the 13th day of stay in Yushu. On the 14th day, we returned back to Peking, the average SaO2 gradually went up from ( 85.57 + 2.73) % to (85.70 + 3.11 ) % on the 15th day,(87.93±2.63)% on the 17th day, (92.21 ±3.62)% on the 18th day, and (98.2333 ± 1.78)% On the 21st day (5th May ). At plain the average HR was (78 ± 11 ) beats/min, and it went up abruptly to ( 121 ± 18) beats/min on the first day of arrival to Yushu, and from the 2nd day on, it slowly lowered down to (99± 12) beats/min at the end day of stay in Yushu area. When we got back to Peking, the average HR gradually normalized from (91± 18) beats/min to (77 + 16) beats on the 5th May. The average Hb in Peking was ( 118 ± 32) g/L, and it gradually increased to ( 137 ± 18) g/L on the 5th day and to ( 161 ± 27) g/L on the 11th day after arrival, and it gradually dropped to (127:± 13) g/L on the 17th day and to (120± 13) g/L on the 21st day. Various measures were taken to treat and prevent the AMS with Chinese herbal medicines such as hongjingtian (Rholiola sacra [Prain ex Hamet] Fu), droplet-sized pill of danshen (salva miltiorrhiza Bge), slice of xiyangshen (Panax quinquefolium L)for lozenge which had some effect of minimizing the symptoms of AMS, and with easily digestible diet catered for in less amount of food in each meal and more meals every day, and diet was composed of mainly carbohydrate and vitamins. Large amount of fluid was required at least 4000 - 6000 mL daily guided by the number of urination at least once or twice a day. For the severe case with shortness of breath and sense of oppression over chest, the oxygen inhalation and intravenous glucose saline with small dose of hydrocortisone were given. Conclusions There were great changes in SaO2, HR and Hb of individuals rushed into high altitude area from plain of low level above sea in a short length of time. But those individuals had the capability of adaptation to ameliorate bit by bit those changes day by day until 13 days of stay, the end of stay at high altitude. On that day, the levels of SaO2, HR and He were still far away from normal. And those changes took 6 days to resume the original levels after the members retumed to the plain. Of them, 81.25% (26/32) members suffered from AMS of various severities. Various measures taken to treat and prevent the AMS are very important. In addition, working at high altitude area, the medical equipment and facilities should be miniaturized for easy portability on the rugged and narrow footpath in order to preserve the energy of medical members.

Medical rescue and relief work of the Chinese International Rescue Team in Pakistan flood disaster / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To summarize the enperience of medical rescue and rdlief work in flood disaster at over seas. Method From August,26 to September14, 2010, China's international medical rescue team urgently ordered by the Chinese gevernment for the first time went to join the Pakistan flood disaster medical relief mission to carry out international humanitarianism rescue work. Aiming directly at infectious diseases prevention and treatment after flood disaster, organized medical rescue team from the hospital; consummated medical rescue plan; equipped with medical materials; established medical profession safety regulation. Results Through 18 days hard working,China's international medical rescue team received 11 243 persons, and treated 11020 patients. Conclusions China is one of the first countries to join the Pakistan flood disaster medical relief mission.

Firs aid and medical organization of China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR)in the Wenchuan earthquake search and rescue site / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To approach the validity of the fast aid and medical organization of earthquake.Method China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) fast arrived Wenehuan earthquake area.The problems of medical organization and emergency treatment on spot were rethospectively analyzed.Twenty-two members from different departments,including department of emergency medicine,department of cardiology and orthopaedics,etc,took 280 species of medicine,consumable material,equipment and device,totally more than 1000 kinds.When finding survivors,the members of medical team gave both medical rescue and psychological inter venfion to them.Results After members of CISAR searched 9 hours,they found and treated 49 survivals,including 21 males and 28 females in collapse field of Wonchuan ease.Survivals were 7～61 years old,30 cases<18 yearn old,8 cases 18～39 years old,8 cases 40～59 years old,3 cases>60 yearn old.And 39 cases were found and treated within 72 hours,10 eases over 72 hours.Eight cases had head injuries,12 eases chest injuries,15 cases abdominal injuries,3 eases spinal injury,5 cases pelvic injury,48 eases limb injury,and all eases had medium or severe dehydrate.Forty-nine survivals were rescued with fluid infusion,oxygen inhahtion,bandaging,fixation and transported to hospitals,and none d the 49 cases died.conclusions The effective medical organization and first aid on spot can avoid the rescue chaos on emergency treatment,and reduce the rate of disability and case fatality in disaster.