RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of mosquito control at public environment in residential areas with property management in Wuhan from 2016 to 2018, and to provide background information for making scientific mosquito control strategies in residential areas. Methods The control rate of mosquito route index was taken as the evaluation index. A retrospective analysis of the ocular monitoring results of mosquito breeding sites in the public external environment of property communities in Wuhan from 2016 to 2018 was conducted. Chi-square test was used to compare the route index control rate between different years. Results The residential areas with property management that were effectively incorporated into surveillance were 179 in 2016, 437 in 2017 and 548 in 2018, while the control rate of route index was 51.40%, 59.27% and 41.06%, respectively. The outcome of statistical analysis indicated that the control rate of mosquito route index monitored in 2018 at external environment of residential areas with property management was significantly lower than that in 2017 (χ2=26.342，P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the control rate of route index monitored in 2016 and that in later two years. Conclusion Mosquito control effect at public environment on property management areas in Wuhan declined during the consolidation phase of the establishment of national health city. Relevant departments should make effort to explore more reasonable and scientific management strategies and measures for mosquito control to provide more healthy and safe living environment for city residents in Wuhan.
RESUMO
Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystem On the Earth [1,2], and provide many important services to human society. Wetlands are one of the most threatened habitats of the world. Wetlands in India, as elsewhere, are increasingly facing several anthropogenic pressures. Urbanization is the irreversible, and most dramatic, transformation of land affecting ecology and natural resources. This study was carried out to document the wetland status from June 2017 to March 2018 in and around Tiruppur district, TamilNadu. The study results demonstrated that there are 88 wetlands in and around Tiruppur districts and that they might be categorized in terms of dimension and state. Out of the 88 wetlands, 68% of the wetlands consist of land plots of less than 5 acres in size, followed by 26% of the wetlands consisting of 6-10 acres in size, 3% of the wetlands were approximately 11-15 acres in size while 3% of the wetlands were over 15 acres. According to the recorded usage of the wetlands, 42% were used for irrigation, 11% for irrigation and fisheries, 3% for recreational activities, and 44% for cattle cleaning, residential purposes including washing clothes, in the booming slums around the wetlands. For wastes dumped on wetlands, 2% were degradable wastes, 44% were non degradable wastes, and 54% were mixed wastes, including both degradable and non degradable waste. In Tiruppur town, 21% of the wetlands were enclosed by farm land, 8% were encircled by factories/companies, and 71% were surrounded by residential areas. During every summer season, 53% of the wetlands become dried out, 19% were partially dried up, and 28% of the wetlands retained their water holding capacity throughout the year. The results indicated that the decline of wetlands in and around Tiruppur district was due to waste dumping, construction near wetlands, lack of desilting and dredging, blocking of water channels, and the lack of strict laws. Apart from government regulation, creating wetland awareness, enlightened infrastructure development, sustainable water use planning, and implementation of zero discharge facilities practices are necessary in order to prevent the further deterioration on wetlands in Tiruppur district.
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Objective To evaluate Aedes albopictus infestation status in the central urban area of Shanghai,and analyze the related epidemic risk of mosquito-borne infectious disease.Methods Consecutive mosquito surveillance was conducted in the green lands and residential areas in the central urban area of Shanghai during 2012-2014,the Aedes albopictas density and its seasonal fluctuation were observed;the sequence ofAedes albopictus in Shanghai was aligned with that in other epidemic area abroad,and the susceptibility ofAedes albopictus to mosquito-borne virus and endemic risk were analyzed.Results No Aedes aegypti was found in the central urban area of Shanghai.As predominant species in both the residential area and the green lands,the proportion ofAedes albopictus in the residential area was significantly higher than that in the green lands (78.53％ vs.19.99％,x2=15 525.168,P＜0.001),and so was the density (11.91,42.02 pcs/day· site in the residential area vs.3.65,2.18,2.73 pcs/day· site in the green lands,all P value＜0.001).In 2014,the density reached 42.02 pcs/day · site and the proportion reached 94.69％ in the residential areas.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance between Aedes albopictus in Shanghai and Aedes albopictus in Africa was quite far.Conclusion No Aedes aegypti was found in Shanghai and its surrounding areas,while Aedes albopictus infestation in the central urban area of Shanghai was serious.Strict measures should be taken to reduce the Aedes albopictus density for the effective control Zika virus spread.
RESUMO
Objective To evaluate Aedes albopictus infestation status in the central urban area of Shanghai,and analyze the related epidemic risk of mosquito-borne infectious disease.Methods Consecutive mosquito surveillance was conducted in the green lands and residential areas in the central urban area of Shanghai during 2012-2014,the Aedes albopictas density and its seasonal fluctuation were observed;the sequence ofAedes albopictus in Shanghai was aligned with that in other epidemic area abroad,and the susceptibility ofAedes albopictus to mosquito-borne virus and endemic risk were analyzed.Results No Aedes aegypti was found in the central urban area of Shanghai.As predominant species in both the residential area and the green lands,the proportion ofAedes albopictus in the residential area was significantly higher than that in the green lands (78.53％ vs.19.99％,x2=15 525.168,P＜0.001),and so was the density (11.91,42.02 pcs/day· site in the residential area vs.3.65,2.18,2.73 pcs/day· site in the green lands,all P value＜0.001).In 2014,the density reached 42.02 pcs/day · site and the proportion reached 94.69％ in the residential areas.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance between Aedes albopictus in Shanghai and Aedes albopictus in Africa was quite far.Conclusion No Aedes aegypti was found in Shanghai and its surrounding areas,while Aedes albopictus infestation in the central urban area of Shanghai was serious.Strict measures should be taken to reduce the Aedes albopictus density for the effective control Zika virus spread.
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Partiendo de la premisa que los fenómenos sociales no se distribuyen en el espacio geográfico de manera homogénea, este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar los patrones de localización espacial de los grupos sociales en la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) y relacionarlos con algunos comportamientos de riesgo de niños y jóvenes, en particular aquellos que se vinculan con la reproducción de desigualdades, de la pobreza y de la exclusión. Primero, se identifican las diferentes áreas socio-habitacionales que componen la ciudad, a partir del análisis de la distribución de los grupos sociales en el espacio urbano, con especial énfasis en sus características educativas y habitacionales. Segundo, se calculan los diferenciales de los comportamientos de riesgo de niños y jóvenes (insuficiencia educativa, inactividad juvenil y fecundidad adolescente tardía), según áreas de residencia anteriormente mencionadas. Tercero, se evalúa la incidencia del contexto socio-habitacional en dichos comportamientos. La información con la que se trabaja es la proveniente del Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Vivienda del año 2001, a nivel de radio censal.
Based on the premise that social phenomena are not evenly distributed in geographic space, this study aims to explore the spatial patterns of social groups in the city of Córdoba (Argentina), associating them with certain risk behaviors among children and adolescents, especially those related to the reproduction of inequality, poverty, and exclusion. First, we identify the different socio-residential areas comprising the city, from the analysis of the distribution of social groups in the urban space, with special emphasis on education and housing characteristics. Second, we calculate the differentials for risk behavior among children and adolescents (school dropout rates, youth inactivity, and late adolescence fertility) according to the aforementioned areas of residence. Third, we evaluate the impact of the socio-housing context in these behaviors. We use Data from the National Demographic and Household Census of 2001, at the census tract level.
Partindo da premissa de que os fenômenos sociais não são distribuídos de maneira homogênea no espaço geográfico, este estudo pretende explorar os padrões de localização espacial dos grupos sociais na cidade de Córdoba (Argentina), relacionando os mesmos com determinados comportamentos de risco de crianças e jovens, em especial aqueles vinculados à reprodução de desigualdades, da pobreza e da exclusão. Primeiro, são identificadas as diferentes áreas socio-habitacionais que compõem a cidade, a partir da análise da distribuição dos grupos sociais no espaço urbano, com especial ênfase nas suas características educacionais e habitacionais. Segundo, são calculados os diferenciais dos comportamentos de risco de crianças e jovens (evasão escolar, inatividade juvenil e fecundidade adolescente tardia), de acordo com as áreas de residência anteriormente mencionadas. Terceiro, é avaliada a incidência do contexto socio-habitacional nestes comportamentos. São utilizados os dados do Censo Demográfico e Domiciliar Nacional, de 2001, a nível do setor censitário.