Spatial distribution and esterase activity in populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to temephos

INTRODUCTION: The need for studies that describe the resistance patterns in populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in function of their region of origin justified this research, which aimed to characterize the resistance to temephos and to obtain information on esterase activity in populations of Aedes aegypti collected in municipalities of the State of Paraíba. METHODS: Resistance to temephos was evaluated and characterized from the diagnostic dose of 0.352mg i.a./L and multiple concentrations that caused mortalities between 5% and 99%. Electrophoresis of isoenzymes was used to verify the patterns of esterase activity among populations of the vector. RESULTS: All populations of Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos, presenting a resistance rate (RR) greater than 20. The greatest lethal dose 50% of the sample (CL50) was found for the municipality of Lagoa Seca, approximately forty-one times the value of CL50 for the Rockefeller population. The populations characterized as resistant showed two to six regions of α and β-esterase, called EST-1 to EST-6, while the susceptible population was only seen in one region of activity. CONCLUSIONS: Aedes aegypti is widely distributed and shows a high degree of resistance to temephos in all municipalities studied. In all cases, esterases are involved in the metabolism and, consequently, in the resistance to temephos. .

Impacto operacional del uso de insecticidas en larvas de Aedes aegypti en La Habana / Operational impact of the use of insecticidal products on Aedes aegypti larvae in Havana province

INTRODUCCIÓN: a pesar de los enormes esfuerzos que realiza el programa de erradicación de Aedes aegypti en Cuba, persisten en algunas regiones del país determinados índices de infestación que favorecen el desarrollo de epidemias o brotes de dengue. En este negativo indicador se destaca la provincia La Habana, donde desempeña un papel importante el uso de insecticidas. OBJETIVOS: evaluar el impacto del uso de insecticidas, por el programa de erradicación de Ae. aegypti, en el desarrollo de resistencia en esta especie en La Habana. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron 15 cepas de Ae. aegypti, procedentes de los 15 municipios de La Habana, colectados en 2008. El nivel de susceptibilidad a insecticidas se determinó mediante bioensayos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. RESULTADOS: 60 por ciento de las cepas mostró susceptibilidad a clorpirifos; de los piretroides evaluados, se observó mayor resistencia a cipermetrina, seguido por lambdacialotrina y ciflutrina. CONCLUSIONES: el insecticida clorpirifos es un buen candidato a utilizar con los piretroides, de forma rotacional, para retardar el desarrollo de la resistencia a los piretroides en Ae. aegypti de La Habana.

INTRODUCTION: in spite of the huge efforts of the Aedes aegypti eradication program in Cuba, there are still certain infestation indexes favoring the development of outbreaks or epidemics in some regions of the country. Havana province holds a leading position in this negative indicator, in which the use of insecticides plays an important role. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the impact of the use of insecticides in the development of drug resistance by this species in Havana. METHODS: fifteen Ae. aegypti strains from the fifteen municipalities of the province were used. They were all collected in 2008. The level of susceptibility to insecticides was measured by means of the WHO-recommended bioassays. RESULTS: sixty percent of the strains were susceptible to chlorpirifos; more resistance to pyrethroid cypermethrin was observed followed by lambdacyalothrin and cifluthrin. CONCLUSIONS: the insecticide Chlorpirifos is a good candidate to be used with pyrethroids, on a rotational scheme, to delay the development of resistance to pyrethroids in Ae. aegypti vectors in Havana province.

Association of insecticide use and alteration on Aedes aegypti susceptibility status

Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, vector-borne diseases transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, are presently important public health problems in Brazil. As the strategy for disease control is based on vector control through the use of insecticides, the development of resistance is a threat to programs efficacy. The objective of this study was to compare the Aedes aegypti susceptibility in nine vector populations from the state of São Paulo and seven from Northeast region of Brazil, since there was a difference on group of insecticide used between the areas. Bioassays with larvae and adult were performed according to the World Health Organization methods.The results showed higher resistance levels to organophosphates group in populations from the Northeast region where this group was used for both larvae and adult control than in São Paulo where organophosphates were used for larvae and pyretroids for adult control. Resistance to pyretroids in adults was widespread in São Paulo after ten years of use of cypermethrin while in vector populations from the Northeast region it was punctual. The difference in resistance profile between the areas is in accordance to the group of insecticide used.