Gestão de recursos das unidades de terapia intensiva em tempos de pandemia por COVID-19

Objetivo: Analisar aspectos de gestão em recursos das unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) em tempos de COVID-19 na microrregião Cariri cearense. Método: Estudo descritivo do tipo transversal em quatro hospitais da microrregião do Cariri, com 91 profissionais da equipe interdisciplinar que atuam em UTI desde o início da pandemia. A pesquisa foi realizada através de e-mail, Instagram e/ou WhatsApp e os dados analisados em teste do qui-quadrado, teste-T e gráfico de clusters. Resultados: Acerca dos recursos humanos, 73,6 % dos profissionais realizaram curso de manejo do paciente em UTI durante a COVID-19 e 67,0 % sobre controle de infecções relacionados a serviços de saúde. Um 64,8 % conseguiram lidar como as dificuldades na UTI, 69,2 % foram remanejados de outros setores hospitalares para atender demandas da UTI e grande parte dos profissionais (76,9 %) não tiveram aporte psicológico para a pandemia. Nos recursos estruturais, 100 % dos leitos de UTI adulto foram ocupados durante a pandemia, apresentando diferença entre antes e durante, durante e após a crise com aumento exponencial da capacidade de leitos (p<0,001), e não apresentando diferenças significativas em momentos antes e após a pandemia (p=0,035). Recursos materiais estiveram em escassez e diminuição, como equipamentos de proteção individual, oxigênio, medicamentos, entre outros. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar a reorganização dos recursos humanos, materiais e estruturais dos hospitais da pesquisa. Houve aumento exponencial de leitos durante a crise pandêmica quando comparado a capacidade relatada pelos profissionais de momentos antes da pandemia. Portanto, esta pesquisa contribui para o conhecimento de gestão em saúde e reestruturação hospitalar em tempos de pandemia.

Objetivo: Analizar aspectos de la gestión de recursos de las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en tiempos de COVID-19 en la microrregión de Cariri, Ceará Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal en cuatro hospitales de la microrregión de Cariri, con 91 profesionales del equipo interdisciplinario que trabajan en UCI desde el inicio de la pandemia. La encuesta se realizó por correo electrónico, Instagram y/o WhatsApp y los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado, prueba T y gráfico de conglomerados Resultados: Respecto a los recursos humanos, el 73.6 % de los profesionales realizó un curso de manejo de pacientes en UCI durante la COVID-19 y el 67.0 % sobre control de infecciones relacionadas con los servicios sanitarios. El 64.8 % pudo hacer frente a las dificultades en la UCI, el 69,2 % fue reasignado de otros sectores hospitalarios para atender las demandas de la UCI y la mayoría de los profesionales (76.9 %) no tuvo apoyo psicológico para la pandemia. En cuanto a los recursos organizativos, el 100 % de las camas de la UCI de adultos estuvieron ocupadas durante la pandemia, con una diferencia entre antes y durante, durante y después de la crisis, con un aumento exponencial de la capacidad de camas (p<0,001), y sin diferencias significativas entre antes y después de la pandemia (p=0,035). Los recursos materiales escasearon y disminuyeron, como equipos de protección personal, oxígeno, medicamentos, entre otros Conclusión: Se pudo identificar la gestión de los recursos humanos, materiales y organizativos en los hospitales encuestados. Hubo un aumento exponencial de camas durante la crisis pandémica en comparación con la capacidad reportada por los profesionales antes de la pandemia. Por lo tanto, esta investigación contribuye al conocimiento de la gestión sanitaria y la reestructuración hospitalaria en tiempos de pandemia

Objective: To analyze resource management aspects in intensive care units (ICU) in times of COVID-19 in Cariri microregion of Ceará. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in four hospitals in the Cariri microregion, with 91 professionals from interdisciplinary teams who have been working in the ICU since the beginning of the pandemic. Research was conducted through email, Instagram and/or WhatsApp and the data were analyzed in the chi-square test, T-test and cluster chart Results: Regarding human resources, 73.6 % of professionals took a course on patient management in ICU during COVID-19 and 67.0 % on control of healthcare-associated infections. Of these professionals, 64.8 % were able to deal with the difficulties in the ICU, 69.2 % were relocated from other hospital sectors to meet ICU demands and most professionals (76.9 %) did not have psychological support for the pandemic. In structural resources, 100 % of adult ICU beds were occupied during the pandemic, presenting a difference between before and during, during and after the crisis with an exponential increase in bed capacity (p<0.001), and showing no significant differences in moments before and after the pandemic (p=0.035). Material resources were in short supply and decreased, such as personal protective equipment, oxygen, medicines, among others Conclusion: Identifying the reorganization of human, material and structural resources was possible in the researched hospitals. There has been an exponential increase in beds during the pandemic crisis when compared to the capacity reported by staff from moments before the pandemic. Therefore, this research contributes to the knowledge of health management and hospital restructuring in pandemic times

Los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad

Objetivo: Establecer y cuantificar los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en un hospital universitario de Medellín de alta complejidad de Medellín, entre 2013 y 2018, valorar su importancia y modelar la estancia esperada. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de datos agregados. Siguiendo el método paso a paso, se corrieron siete modelos con estancia hospitalaria media como variable dependiente y las respectivas variables independientes: complejidad, oportunidad de apoyos diagnósticos, disponibilidad de insumos, casos de estancia prolongada y capacidad financiera. Se seleccionó el mejor modelo usando los criterios de ajuste Akaike e información Bayesiana, junto con las medidas de significancia global y significancia individual de los coeficientes. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de validez del modelo y se calcularon los coeficientes estandarizados. Resultados: Los valores medios de las variables más relevantes y su desviación estándar (de) fueron: estancia hospitalaria media, 8,09 días (de = 0,40); complejidad por consumo de recursos, 1,28 unidades (de = 0,07); apoyos diagnósticos, 90,74 mil estudios (de = 10,05); casos de estancia extrema, 4,36 % (de = 0,70), y complejidad por casuística, 1 (de = 0,03). Significancia global F = 55,2, p< 0,001. Significancia de los coeficientes: complejidad por consumo de recursos, p< 0,01; apoyos diagnósticos y casos de estancia extrema, p< 0,001; complejidad por casuística, p< 0,05. Coeficientes estandarizados: complejidad por consumo de recursos, 0,35; apoyos diagnósticos, 0,35; casos de estancia extrema, 0,26, y complejidad por casuística, 0,24. R2 ajustado 0,82. Conclusión: Los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en orden de importancia son: complejidad por consumo de recursos, apoyos diagnósticos, casos de estancia extrema, complejidad por casuística, inventario disponible y ganancias brutas.

Objective: To establish and quantify the determinants of hospital stay in a high complexity university hospital in Medellin between 2013 and 2018, assess their importance, and model the expected length of stay. Methodology: Retrospective analytical observational study of aggregate data. While following the method step by step, seven models were used, where mean hospital stay was the dependent variable and the respective independent variables were complexity, timeliness of diagnostic procedures, availability of supplies, cases of prolonged stay and financial capacity. The best model was selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criterion, along with measures of both overall significance and individual significance of the coefficients. Statistical tests of model validity were performed and standardized coefficients were calculated. Results: The mean values of the most relevant variables and their standard deviation (SD) were: mean hospital stay, 8.09 days (SD = 0.40); complexity by resource consumption, 1.28 units (SD = 0.07); diagnostic procedures, 90.74 thousand studies (SD = 10.05); cases of extremely prolonged stay, 4.36% (SD = 0.70), and complexity by casuistry, 1 (SD = 0.03). Overall significance: F = 55.2, p < 0.001. Significance of coefficients: complexity by resource consumption, p < 0.01; diagnostic procedures and cases of extremely prolonged stay, p < 0.001; complexity by casuistry, p < 0.05. Standardized coefficients: complexity by resource consumption, 0.35; diagnostic procedures, 0.35; cases of extremely prolonged stay, 0.26; and complexity by casuistry, 0.24. Adjusted R2 0.82. Conclusion: In order of importance, the determinants of hospital stay are complexity by resource consumption, diagnostic procedures, extremely prolonged stay, complexity by casuistry, available inventory and gross profit.

Objetivo: Estabelecer e quantificar os determinantes da permanência hospitalar em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade de Medellín, entre 2013 e 2018, valorar sua importância e fazer a modelação da permanência esperada. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo de dados agregados. Seguindo o método passo a passo, foram aplicados sete modelos com permanência hospitalar média como variável dependente e as respectivas variáveis independentes: complexidade, oportunidade de apoios diagnósticos, disponibilidade de insumos, casos de permanência prolongada e capacidade financeira. Selecionou-se o melhor modelo usando os critérios de ajuste Akaike e informação Bayesiana, junto com as medidas de significância individual dos coeficientes. Realizaram-se provas estatísticas de validade do modelo e calcularam-se os coeficientes padronizados. Resultados: Os valores médios das variáveis mais relevantes e seu desvio-padrão (DP) foram: permanência hospitalar média, 8.09 dias (DP = 0,40); complexidade por consumo de recursos, 1,28 unidades (DP = 0,07); apoios diagnósticos, 90,74 mil estudos (DP = 10,05); casos de permanência extrema, 4,36 % (DP = 0,70), e complexidade por casuística, 1 (DP = 0,03). Significância global F = 55,2, p < 0,001. Significância dos coeficientes: complexidade por consumo de recursos, p < 0,01; apoios diagnósticos e casos de permanência extrema p < 0,001; complexidade por casuística, p < 0,05. Coeficientes padronizados: complexidade por consumo de recursos, 0,35; apoios diagnósticos, 0,35; casos de permanência extrema, 0,26 e complexidade por casuística, 0,24. R2 ajustado 0,82. Conclusão: Os determinantes da permanência hospitalar em ordem de importância são: complexidade por consumo de recursos, apoios diagnósticos, casos de permanência extrema, complexidade por casuística, inventário disponível e lucros brutos.

Construção de procedimento operacional padrão como ferramenta facilitadora de gestão em saúde em uma faculdade de odontologia / Construction of standard operating procedure as a facilitating tool for health management in a school of dentistry / Construcción de procedimiento operativo estándar como herramienta facilitadora para la gestión en salud en una facultad de odontología

O Procedimento Operacional Padrão é uma relevante ferramenta de gestão para otimizar o processo de trabalho dentro da perspectiva da resolutividade definida nos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde.Objetivo:elaborar um Procedimento Operacional Padrãopara estandardizar o funcionamento do fluxo de materiais do almoxarifado da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Metodologia:Estudo descritivo que propôs a criação de uma ferramenta de tecnologia leve dividido em três etapas: aprofundamento teórico, elaboração e refinamento. Resultados:A equipe envolvida no processo de trabalho da unidade de saúde colaborou com a construção do instrumento, favorecendo o estabelecimento de vínculo e assertividade. O Procedimento Operacional Padrãoelaborado constitui subsídio para organização do fluxo com o objetivo de esclarecer, facilitar e padronizar o uso do almoxarifado, promovendo estratégias de uso adequado no manejo dos materiais e a racionalização dos mesmos, com a finalidade de tirar máximo proveito e reduzir custos. Conclusões:A elaboração da ferramenta promoveu aprimoramento do processo de trabalho no manejo dos materiais e equipamentos odontológicos. A participação dos sujeitos envolvidos gerou fortalecimento do vínculo e co-responsabilização (AU).

The Standard Operating Procedure is a relevant management tool to optimizethe work processwithin the perspective of resolution as defined in the Unified Health Systemprinciples.Objective:to elaborate a Standard Operating Procedureto standardize the flow use of materials in the storeroom of the College of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pará.Methodology:Descriptive study which proposed the creation of a soft technology tool divided into three stages: theoretical deepening, elaboration and refinement. Results:The team involved in the health center'swork process collaborated with the development of the instrument, promoting the establishment of bonding and assertiveness. The elaborated Standard Operating Procedureconstitutes subsidy for the organization of the flow with the goal of clarifying, facilitating and standardizing the use of the storeroom, promoting strategies of adequate use in the handling of materials and the rationalization of them, in order to take full advantage and reduce costs. Conclusions:The tool elaborationpromoted the improvement of the work process in the handling of dental materials and equipment. The participation of the health center's team strengthened the bond and co-responsibility (AU).

El Procedimiento Operativo Estándar es una herramienta de gestiónrelevante para optimizar el proceso de trabajo en la perspectiva de resolución definida en los principios del Sistema Único de Salud.Objetivo: desarrollar un Procedimiento Operativo Estándarpara estandarizar el flujo de materiales en el almacén de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pará. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo que propuso la creación de una herramienta de tecnología liviana dividida en tres etapas: profundización teórica, elaboración y refinamiento. Resultados: El equipo involucrado en el proceso de trabajo delaunidad de saludcolaboró con la construcción del instrumento, favoreciendo el establecimiento de un vínculoe asertividad. El Procedimiento Operativo Estándarelaboradoconstituyesubsidio para la organización del flujo con el objetivo de aclarar, facilitar y estandarizar el uso del almacén, promover estrategias de uso adecuado en el manejo de los materiales y la racionalización de los mismos, con el fin de aprovechar al máximo y reducir los costos.Conclusiones: La elaboración de la herramienta promovió la mejora del proceso de trabajo en el manejo de materiales y equipos odontológicos. La participación de los sujetos involucrados fortaleció el vínculo y la corresponsabilidad (AU).

Aplicación de guías didácticas en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de Farmacología General / Application of teaching guides in the teaching-learning process of General Pharmacology

Fundamento: la evaluación del aprendizaje implica el control y la valoración de los conocimientos, habilidades y hábitos. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados del examen final ordinario en la asignatura Farmacología General, después de la aplicación de las guías didácticas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, en el periodo 2020-2021, se trabajó con la matrícula del curso referido y se compararon los resultados con los del curso 2019 -2020. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos, y matemáticos. Resultados: con el uso de las guías, la promoción aumentó en un 3,56 %, resultado altamente significativo. Las calificaciones de 5 aumentaron un 17,9 % y las de 3 y 2 disminuyeron un 9,4 % y 3,6 % respectivamente. Considerando el contenido y tipo de preguntas, el tema Prescripción y uso racional de fármacos, evaluado con una pregunta de tipo completar la respuesta correcta, mejoró la media de las calificaciones en 0,59, seguido del contenido de los temas Teoría de receptores y Sistema nervioso autónomo, donde este indicador aumentó un 0,39, todos en el curso 2020-2021. Conclusiones: los resultados en el examen final ordinario en Farmacología General, posteriores al uso de las guías didácticas, mejoraron considerablemente la promoción en la asignatura.

Background: the evaluation of learning involves the control and assessment of knowledge, skills and habits. Objective: to show the results of the ordinary final exam in the subject General Pharmacology, after the application of the teaching guides. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, in the academic year 2020-2021, we worked with the enrollment of the referred course and the results were compared with those of the 2019-2020 academic year. Theoretical, empirical, and mathematical methods were used. Results: with the use of the guides, promotion increased by 3.56%, a highly significant result. Ratings of 5 increased by 17.9% and ratings of 3 and 2 decreased by 9.4% and 3.6% respectively. Considering the content and type of questions, the topic Prescription and rational use of drugs, evaluated with a question such as completing the correct answer, improved the average of the grades by 0.59, followed by the content of the topics Receptor Theory and System autonomic nervous system, where this indicator increased by 0.39, all in the 2020-2021 academic year. Conclusions: the results in the ordinary final exam in General Pharmacology, after the use of the teaching guides, considerably improved promotion in the subject.

Guías didácticas para su empleo en las clases prácticas de la asignatura de Introducción a la Clínica / Didactic guides for use in practical classes of the subject Introduction to the Clinic

Fundamento: las guías didácticas facilitan el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y permiten la independencia cognitiva del estudiante. Objetivo: describir el diseño de guías didácticas para la clase práctica en la asignatura Introducción a la Clínica de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo de la provincia Granma durante el curso académico 2020-2021. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, sistémico-estructural; y empíricos: la revisión documental y valoración por criterio de expertos. Resultados: se diseñaron ocho guías didácticas para la clase práctica en la asignatura Introducción a la Clínica, estructuradas en objetivos, habilidades, contenidos, preguntas de autoevaluación y bibliografía, a fin de organizar y facilitar el trabajo independiente del estudiante. Conclusiones: se consideraron acertadas, viables y factibles de ser aplicadas, por los expertos quienes tuvieron en cuenta sus fundamentos teóricos y organizativos. Son pertinentes al potenciar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura.

Background: teaching guides facilitate the teaching-learning process and allow the student's cognitive independence. Objective: to describe the design of teaching guides for the practical class in the subject Introduction to the Clinic of the second year of the Medicine degree. Methods: a qualitative study was carried out at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Manzanillo in the Granma province during the 2020-2021 academic year. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction, systemic-structural; and empirical ones: documentary review and assessment by expert criteria. Results: eight teaching guides were designed for the practical class in the subject Introduction to the Clinic, structured in objectives, skills, contents, self-assessment questions and bibliography, in order to organize and facilitate the student's independent work. Conclusions: they were considered accurate, viable and feasible to be applied by the experts who took into account their theoretical and organizational foundations. They are relevant when enhancing the teaching-learning process of the subject.

B-learning: contribución al proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología / B-learning: contribution to the management process of independent work in Biological Bases of Distry

Fundamento: el b-learning aumenta la motivación de los estudiantes e incorpora las herramientas digitales al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Objetivo: determinar la contribución del b-learning al proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología. Métodos: la investigación se realizó durante el curso 2021 y corresponde a una de las acciones estratégicas específicas para el perfeccionamiento del proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción y empírico: la observación a actividades docentes. Resultados: la orientación del trabajo independiente se realizó mediante un sistema de tareas docentes integradoras, cuya solución se realizó en un ambiente de aprendizaje b-learning, apoyado en un sistema de medios de enseñanza sobre tronco encefálico, caracterizado por la integración de medios tradicionales y mapas conceptuales confeccionados aplicando las herramientas de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Se constató motivación en los estudiantes lo cual incrementó la actividad independiente e influyó en su correcta autopreparación y el buen desarrollo de la independencia cognoscitiva. Conclusiones: la aplicación del b-learning, apoyado en el sistema integrado de medios de enseñanza, mostró su eficacia al contribuir al perfeccionamiento del proceso de dirección del trabajo independiente en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Estomatología.

Background: b-learning increases student motivation and incorporates digital tools into the teaching-learning process. Objective: determine the contribution of b-learning to the management process of independent work in the Biological Bases of dentistry discipline. Methods: the research was carried out during the 2021 academic year and corresponds to one of the specific strategic actions for the improvement of the independent work management process in the discipline Biological Bases of dentistry, in the Faculty of dentistry of the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Rio. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction and empirical: observation of teaching activities. Results: the orientation of independent work was carried out through a system of integrative teaching tasks, the solution of which was carried out in a b-learning learning environment, supported by a brainstem teaching media system, characterized by the integration of traditional media and conceptual maps made by applying the tools of information and communications technologies. Motivation was found in the students, which increased independent activity and influenced their correct self-preparation and the good development of cognitive independence. Conclusions: the application of b-learning, supported by the integrated system of teaching aids, showed its effectiveness in contributing to the improvement of the management process of independent work in the Biological Bases of Dentistry discipline.

Construção e validação de uma medida de reputação das áreas de gestão de pessoas de organizações públicas brasileiras / Construcción y validación de una medida de reputación de las áreas de gestión de personas de organizaciones públicas brasileñas / Construction and validation of reputation metrics for human resource management in Brazilian public organizations

Resumo Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento de uma medida de reputação dos setores de gestão de pessoas da administração pública brasileira. Constituída de 61 itens distribuídos em 3 dimensões - confiança, credibilidade e qualidade -, a medida foi submetida a um processo de validação teórica, com participação de 6 juízes, e empírica, etapa que envolveu uma amostra de 308 respondentes de órgãos dos diversos poderes públicos. As análises estruturais sugeriram um impasse entre 2 modelos fatoriais - um deles com 1 fator e o outro, com 2 -, resolvido por meio de um modelo bifator, cujos resultados indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial composta por 19 itens, associados teoricamente à qualidade dos serviços prestados pelos setores de gestão de pessoas aos seus públicos internos e à credibilidade e confiança atribuídas por tais públicos àquele setor. Enfim, a medida de reputação obteve sustento teórico e empírico, podendo ser usada como indicador fidedigno e confiável em iniciativas de avaliação sobre a efetividade das unidades de gestão de pessoas no contexto de organizações públicas.

Abstract Este estudio trata sobre el desarrollo de una medida de reputación para los sectores de gestión de personas de la administración pública brasileña. Constituida por 61 ítems distribuidos en tres dimensiones ‒confianza, credibilidad y calidad‒, la medida fue sometida a un proceso de validación teórica, con la participación de seis jueces, y empírica, esta etapa realizada con una muestra de 308 encuestados de organismos de diversos poderes públicos. Los análisis estructurales sugirieron un impasse entre dos modelos factoriales ‒uno con un factor, el otro con dos‒, resuelto a través de un modelo bifactorial, cuyos resultados indicaron una estructura unifactorial compuesta por 19 ítems teóricamente asociados a la calidad de los servicios prestados por los sectores de gestión de personas a sus públicos internos y a la credibilidad y confianza atribuidas por dichos públicos a ese sector. Finalmente, la medida de reputación obtuvo sustento teórico y empírico, pudiendo ser utilizada como un indicador fidedigno y confiable en iniciativas de evaluación de la efectividad de las unidades de gestión de personas en el contexto de las organizaciones públicas.

Abstract This study deals with developing a reputation measure for the human resource units of the Brazilian public administration. The measurement model consists of 61 items distributed across three dimensions - trust, credibility, and quality. The measure was submitted to a process of theoretical validation - with the participation of six evaluators - and empirical validation - carried out with a sample of 308 respondents from governmental agencies. Structural analyses suggested an impasse between two models, one with one factor, the other with two, then resolved through a bifactor model, whose results indicated a unifactorial structure composed of 19 items theoretically associated with the quality of services provided by the human resource unit to employees and the credibility and trust attributed by employees toward the human resource unit. The findings supported the reputation measure obtained theoretical and empirical support and can be used as a reliable indicator in initiatives to evaluate the effectiveness of human resource areas in the context of public organizations.

Construction of a graded post management indicator system for specialist nurses in medical institutions / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To establish a graded post management system for specialist nurses in medical institutions, so as to provide a reference for the selection, stratification, employment, and promotion of specialist nurses in China.Methods:Through literature review and brainstorming, the primary screening indicators of the graded post indicator management system for specialist nurses were constructed. Two rounds of Delphi method were used to consult 25 experts to construct the graded post management system for specialist nurses.Results:The effective recovery rates for two rounds of consultation were 100% and 96%, respectively, with expert authority coefficients of 0.86 and 0.89, and Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.31 and 0.54. The final establishment of a specialist nurses graded post management indicator system included 8 first level indicators, 31 second level indicators.Conclusions:The graded post management indicator system for specialist nurse could provide theoretical support for the management of specialist nurse. It was conducive to clarifying the admission standards and hierarchical framework for specialist nurses, standardizing the establishment of positions and responsibilities, and improving the competition and incentive mechanism.

Exploration of human resource management practice for organ donation coordinators in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

The human resource management of organ donation coordinators in China is still in its infancy stage, plagued by such problems as unclear career orientation, poor management and unclear career planning. In March 2010, a tertiary public hospital was approved as a medical institution in a national pilot province for organ donation. In recent years, the hospital had kept exploring human resource management of coordinators and established a relatively complete management mode for organ donation coordinators. This mode featured the establishment of full-time recruitment positions, development of human resource management plans, refinement of job descriptions, establishment of performance evaluation plans, optimization of assessment and incentive mechanisms, and innovation of talent cultivation modes. The management practice had achieved certain results, ensuring the sustainable development of hospital organ donation operation, and providing a reference for the scientific and standardized development of organ donation and transplantation in China.

Situational Analysis of Human Resource and Material Management Skills of Middle Level Health Care Managers at Primary Health Centres of Valsad, Gujarat: Identifying Barriers and Suggesting an Action Plan

Background: Management of Human resources in health has been a major challenge. Availability of manpower and material are the key ingredients required for efficient and effective delivery of health services. Removing the barriers related to it can help to improve functioning of PHCs. Objectives: 1. To analyse Human resource and Material management skills at PHCs by middle level healthcare managers. 2. To understand the constraints for effective management at PHCs. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted amongst 38 Medical officers who were selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection was done using a semi structured and scale-based questionnaire adopted from NIHFW, India.Results: Almost half medical officers had experience of less than one year.Only 10.5% PHC/CHCs have full staff. 47.3% health facilities were lacking AYUSH MOs. 63.2% health facilities faced stock out of at least one item in last six months; Lack of manpower (34.8%) and overburden of work (27.9%) are major barriers. Conclusions: 90% PHCs have one or more posts vacant. Material management need to be improved for better provision of services. Major barriers are lack of Manpower, Infrastructure and Multitasking.

Classificação do nível de complexidade assistencial dos pacientes em hospital oncológico / Clasificación del nivel de complejidad asistencial de los pacientes en un hospital oncológico / Levels of care complexity classification of patients in an oncology hospital

RESUMO Objetivo Classificar o nível de complexidade assistencial requerido da Enfermagem por pacientes oncológicos internados. Método Estudo observacional, seccional, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado diariamente com pacientes oncológicos em unidades de internação de Oncologia Clínica e Cirúrgica de um hospital de referência ao tratamento de câncer durante o período de três meses. A coleta foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado e instrumento de classificação de pacientes de Fugulin et al. (2007). Resultados Foram entrevistados 242 pacientes e realizadas 1309 avaliações com maior quantidade de indivíduos do sexo masculino e que possuíam o Ensino Fundamental incompleto. Houve maior ocorrência de câncer no sistema gastrintestinal e sistema reprodutor feminino, respectivamente, na internação de Oncologia Clínica e Cirúrgica, com maior taxa de ocupação nos meses de junho e de maio, nessa ordem. O comportamento observado foi bastante similar em ambas as internações, correspondendo, respectivamente, a pacientes que se enquadravam nos cuidados mínimos (33,1%; 35,1%) e intermediários (30,2%; 37,5%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática O sistema de classificação de pacientes e dimensionamento em Enfermagem na área oncológica merece maiores discussões e carece de instrumentos validados capazes de representar a real situação do cuidado.

RESUMEN Objetivo Clasificar el nivel de complejidad asistencial requerido en Enfermería por pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados. Método Estudio observacional, seccional, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado diariamente con pacientes oncológicos en unidades de internación de Oncología Clínica y Quirúrgica de un hospital de referencia para el tratamiento del cáncer durante un período de tres meses. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado y un instrumento de clasificación de pacientes de Fugulin et al. (2007). Resultados Se entrevistaron 242 pacientes y se realizaron 1309 evaluaciones con mayor número de individuos del sexo masculino que tenían la Enseñanza Básica incompleta. Hubo mayor ocurrencia de cáncer en el aparato digestivo y aparato reproductor femenino, respectivamente, en el ingreso de Oncología Clínica y Quirúrgica, con la mayor tasa de ocupación en los meses de junio y mayo, en ese orden. El comportamiento observado fue bastante similar en ambas hospitalizaciones, correspondiendo, respectivamente, a pacientes que se encontraban en cuidados mínimos (33,1%; 35,1%) e intermedios (30,2%; 37,5%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica El sistema de clasificación y dimensionamiento de pacientes en Enfermería en el área de oncología merece mayor discusión y carece de instrumentos validados capaces de representar la situación real del cuidado.

ABSTRACT Objective To classify the level of complexity of care required from Nursing by hospitalized oncology patients. Methods This is an observational, sectional, quantitative study, carried out daily with oncology patients in the Clinical and Surgical Oncology inpatient units of a cancer treatment reference hospital during a three-month period. The collection was carried out through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and an instrument of patient classification by Fugulin et al. (2007). Results 242 patients were interviewed and 1309 evaluations were performed, with a greater number of males and those with incomplete elementary school education. There was a higher occurrence of cancer in the gastrointestinal system and female reproductive system, respectively, in the admission of Clinical and Surgical Oncology, with higher occupancy rate in the months of June and May, in that order. The behavior observed was quite similar in both admissions, corresponding, respectively, to patients who fell into minimal (33.1%; 35.1%) and intermediate care (30.2%; 37.5%). Conclusion and implications for practice The patient classification and dimensioning system in Nursing in oncology deserves further discussion and lacks validated instruments capable of representing the real situation of care.

Ethical Issues and Ethical Review of Human Genetic Resource Management in Real-world Studies / 中国医学伦理学

Human genetic resources are an important strategic resource for the development of science and technology in China. In order to fully utilize and effectively protect human genetic resources in real-world studies, through analyzing the status and characteristics of real-world studies, this study found that the number of real-world studies was increasing year by year, and with some characteristics, such as many uncontrollable factors, strict requirements for evidence formation, and easy information acquisition and disclosure. Combined with the characteristics of real-world studies, the ethical issues of human genetic resource management in real-world studies were summarized into three aspects, including scientific and value of research development, informed consent and privacy protection of subjects, and fairness and justice in benefit sharing. Accordingly, the key points of ethical review were proposed as scientific rationality, fully informed consent and privacy, as well as data security and stakeholders. In addition, it is necessary to give full play to the role of ethical review in research access and process supervision responsibilities, guide researchers to make full use of human genetic resources by strengthening training and process management, and further promote the standardization of real-world studies.

Research and practice of hospital security human resource allocation / 中华医院管理杂志

A complete hospital security system is essential for the life and property safety of medical workers, patients and their families alike. The successful operation of the system depends on a reasonable staffing of the security department.From 2019, a tertiary hospital has explored and practiced the staffing management of security guards based on the actual needs of the hospital. The first job was to classify its security posts setup, and determine the staffing requirements of front-line security posts based on such indicators as scale, risk and people flow. The management range theory was called into play, to set the staffing coefficient of front-line security posts and their corresponding frontline administrators as 7∶1, and set that each management post needs one middle manager. The next job was to calculate the number of security guards per workload/post. The calculations estimated that the number of guards required for the four front-line security posts, namely, gate keeper post, public area patrol post, security and fire control post, and emergency response unit post, was 37, 46, 26 and 26 respectively. The corresponding management posts, namely, the office of the security department, the security management team, the fire management team, and the order maintenance team, required 7, 8, 5 and 5 management personnel respectively, totaling 160. Based on the calculations, the hospital optimized its staffing, and increased its total security personnel from 150 to 160, including the number of gate keeper posts were reduced by 17, and the number of emergency response unit posts was increased by 22. This optimization has effectively empowered the security department in dealing with medical disputes and emergencies, as well as identifying fire hazards, which serves a reference for the rational staffing of hospital security human resources.

Interprofessional work in health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review / Trabajo interprofesional en salud en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19: revisión del alcance / O trabalho interprofissional em saúde no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the scientific production on interprofessional relationships in health in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a scoping review performed in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases, covering the period of publication in 2020, using the acronym PCC (Population = health professionals; Concept = interprofessional relationships; Context = health services) and respective search strategies. Results: fourteen scientific articles were selected and the content discussed in the manuscripts was standardized, analyzed and organized into categories of affinities and similarities of their results: 1 - Interprofessional collaboration; 2 - Collaborative practice; 3 - Interprofessional work; 4 - Interactive and interprofessional learning. Conclusion: the pandemic demanded quick and effective responses that were only possible through collaboration and interprofessionalism dimensions. Interprofessional work in health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic confirms the importance of interprofessional work and its dimensions for the provision of more comprehensive, resolute and safer health services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la producción científica sobre las relaciones interprofesionales en salud en el primer año de la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: revisión del alcance, realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar y Science Direct, cubriendo el período de publicación 2020, utilizando las siglas del PCC (Población = profesionales de la salud; Concepto = relaciones interprofesionales; Contexto = salud servicios) y las respectivas estrategias de búsqueda. Resultados: se seleccionaron 14 artículos científicos y el contenido discutido en los manuscritos fue estandarizado, analizado y organizado en categorías de afinidades y similitudes de sus resultados: 1 - Colaboración interprofesional; 2 - Práctica colaborativa; 3 - Trabajo interprofesional; 4 - Aprendizaje interactivo e interprofesional. Conclusión: la pandemia exigía respuestas rápidas y eficaces que solo eran posibles a través de las dimensiones de la colaboración y la interprofesionalidad. El trabajo interprofesional en salud durante el primer año de la pandemia COVID-19 confirma la importancia del trabajo interprofesional y sus dimensiones para la prestación de servicios de salud más integrales, decididos y seguros.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear a produção científica sobre relações interprofissionais em saúde no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: revisão de escopo, realizada nas bases PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar e Science Direct, abrangendo o período de publicação do ano de 2020, utilizando o acrônimo PCC (População = profissionais de saúde; Conceito = relações interprofissionais; Contexto = serviços de saúde) e respectivas estratégias de busca. Resultados: foram selecionados 14 artigos científicos e o conteúdo discutido nos manuscritos foi uniformizado, analisado e organizado em categorias de afinidades e semelhanças de seus resultados: 1 - Colaboração interprofissional; 2 - Prática colaborativa; 3 - Trabalho interprofissional; 4 - Aprendizagem interativa e interprofissional. Conclusão: a pandemia demandou respostas rápidas e eficazes que só foram possíveis através das dimensões da colaboração e da interprofissionalidade. O trabalho interprofissional em saúde durante o primeiro ano de pandemia de COVID-19 confirma a importância do trabalho interprofissional e suas dimensões para a oferta de serviços de saúde mais integrais, resolutivos e seguros.

Pagamento por desempenho às Equipes da Atenção Básica: análise a partir dos ciclos do PMAQ-AB / Performance payment to the Primary Care Teams: analysis from the PMAQ-AB cycles

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como se deu o uso do recurso do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) em nível municipal, como estratégia de pagamento por desempenho, no estado da Paraíba. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 219 municípios, de um total de 223 existentes no estado, com os quais realizou-se um inquérito com os gestores municipais em 2018. Os dados sofreram análise estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos municípios adotou lei municipal como normativa para regulamentar o uso dos incentivos financeiros do PMAQ-AB. A avaliação externa foi o principal critério de repasse dos recursos financeiros às equipes de saúde. No decorrer dos ciclos, mais atores receberam recursos além da equipe mínima da estratégia de saúde da família e o repasse foi feito de forma semestral e anual, sendo cerca de 40% a 50% do valor destinado às equipes e o restante investido em melhorias das condições de trabalho. Conclui-se que os recursos do PMAQ-AB foram utilizados com uma tendência homogênea nos municípios da Paraíba, repassando incentivos financeiros para os trabalhadores, mas se preocupando também com investimentos nas condições de trabalho das equipes.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to understand how the resource of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) was used at the municipal level, as a payment-for-performance strategy, in the state of Paraíba. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. 219 municipalities of a total of 223 in the state participated in the study, with which an inquiry was carried out with municipal managers in 2018. The data underwent descriptive statistical analysis. Results show that most municipalities have adopted a municipal law as a rule to regulate the use of financial incentives under the PMAQ-AB. External evaluation was the main criterion for transferring financial resources to health teams. During cycles, more actors received resources in addition to the minimum team of the family health strategy and the transfer was made on a biannual and annual basis, with around 40% to 50% of the amount allocated to the teams and the remainder invested in improvements in work conditions. It is concluded that the resources of the PMAQ-AB were used with a homogeneous trend in the municipalities of Paraíba, transferring financial incentives to workers, but also being concerned with investments in the working conditions of the teams.

Construction and validation of a logical model for specialized Rehabilitation Centers / Construção e validação de modelo lógico para Centros Especializados em Reabilitação

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To build and validate a logical model for health care in Specialized Rehabilitation Centers (CER) by analyzing the work process and organizational issues of centers in Rio Grande do Norte. METHODS This is a methodological study developed in three stages: 1) documentary research of legislation and ordinances concerning the healthcare service and the Disability Care Network (RCPD); 2) focus groups with a Census study of the CER in Rio Grande do Norte to understand and assess the daily activities of the service; and 3) systematization of the information collected and, finally, proposition and validation of the evaluative logical model. RESULTS The model encompassed five central categories of the work and organizational process: "demands", "resources" (inputs, financial and workforce), "processes", "products and results" and "mission, values and external factors". CONCLUSION The logical model built was suitable for graphical representation of the work process and organizational issues of the SRC. The study showed that the functioning of the services is in line with the regulations. However, there are still organizational gaps that need to be addressed to improve the resolution capacity of the service and the articulation with other points of the network.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Construir e validar um modelo lógico para a atenção nos Centros Especializados em Reabilitação (CER) a partir da análise do processo de trabalho e de questões organizativas de centros do Rio Grande do Norte. MÉTODOS Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três etapas: 1) estudo documental de legislações e portarias relacionadas ao serviço de saúde e à Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência (RCPD); 2) realização de grupos focais, com estudo censitário dos CER do Rio Grande do Norte, para compreender e avaliar o cotidiano do serviço; e 3) sistematização das informações coletadas e, por fim, proposição e validação do modelo lógico avaliativo. RESULTADOS O modelo englobou cinco categorias centrais do processo de trabalho e organizacional: "demandas", "recursos" (insumos, financeiros e força de trabalho), "processos", "produtos e resultados" e "missão, valores e fatores externos". CONCLUSÃO O modelo lógico construído foi adequado para representação gráfica do processo de trabalho e questões organizativas dos CER. Evidenciou-se que o funcionamento dos serviços está alinhado com as normativas. Contudo, ainda há lacunas organizacionais que precisam ser abordadas a fim de melhorar a resolutividade do serviço e a articulação com outros pontos da rede.

Sizing of nursing staff in clinical, surgical and pediatric hospitalization units / Dotación de personal de enfermería en unidades de internación clínica, quirúrgica y pediátrica / Dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem em unidades de internação clínica, cirúrgica e pediátrica

ABSTRACT Objective: to size the Nursing staff in clinical, surgical and pediatric inpatient units. Method: a retrospective cross-sectional study, carried out in a university hospital in Midwest Brazil. The data were obtained from daily classifications of the care complexity level (n=5,808) among patients (n=882) hospitalized in the referred units, from July to October 2019, in addition to occupancy and hospital stay indicators. Descriptive statistical analysis, parameters and an equation specific to the design were used. Results: clinical hospitalization had the highest occupation, permanence, demand for Nursing hours/day (162.58) and deficit of nurses (-12), followed by the pediatric unit (-2). In the clinical and surgical units, there was the same available/real number of nurses. The general staff sized showed personnel surplus (+24), due to the high number of mid-level professionals in all the sectors. Conclusion: expected sizing inadequacy was verified, as there was a mismatch between workload and allocation of professionals in the units.

RESUMEN Objetivo: constatar la dotación de personal de enfermería en unidades hospitalarias clínicas, quirúrgicas y pediátricas. Método: estudio transversal retrospectivo, realizado en un hospital universitario del Centro Oeste de Brasil. Los datos se obtuvieron de clasificaciones diarias del nivel de complejidad asistencial (n=5.808) entre los pacientes (n=882) ingresados en las unidades referidas, de julio a octubre de 2019, además de los indicadores de ocupación y estancia hospitalaria. Se llevó a cabo el análisis estadístico descriptivo con los parámetros y ecuación específicos de la dotación. Resultados: la hospitalización clínica presentó la mayor ocupación, permanencia, demanda de horas por día de asistencia de enfermería (162,58) y déficit de enfermeros (-12), seguida de la unidad de pediatría (-2). En las unidades clínico-quirúrgicas, se registró el mismo número de enfermeras disponibles /reales. La planta evaluada presentó un superávit de personal (+28), debido a la elevación de los profesionales de nivel medio en todos los sectores. Conclusión: se constató que la dotación resulta inadecuada, debido al desajuste entre la carga de trabajo y la asignación de profesionales en las unidades.

RESUMO Objetivo: dimensionar o quadro de pessoal de enfermagem em unidades de internação clínica, cirúrgica e pediátrica. Método: estudo transversal retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital universitário do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foram extraídos dados de classificações diárias do nível de complexidade assistencial (n=5.808) entre pacientes (n=882) internados nas referidas unidades, nos meses de julho a outubro de 2019, além de indicadores de ocupação e permanência hospitalar. Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva, parâmetros e equação próprios ao dimensionamento. Resultados: a internação clínica teve a maior ocupação, permanência, demanda de horas de enfermagem/dia (162,58) e déficit de enfermeiros (-12), seguida da unidade pediátrica (-2). Nas unidades clínica e cirúrgica havia o mesmo número de enfermeiros disponível/real. O quadro geral dimensionado apresentou superávit de pessoal (+24), pela elevação de profissionais de nível médio em todos os setores. Conclusão: constatou-se inadequação prevista pelo dimensionamento, pois existia desajuste entre a carga de trabalho e a alocação de profissionais nas unidades.

Investigation on the current situation and resignation tendency of medical record coders in Anyang, Henan province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of medical record coders and their resignation tendency, and put forward suggestions for the training and team building of medical record coders.Methods:From April to May 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the medical record coders in 27 DRG payment pilot hospitals in Anyang, Henan. Statistical analysis was conducted on the profile of the medical case department, basic personal information, professional quality, job satisfaction and resignation intention. Kendall coefficient was used to analyze the factors related to the resignation intention.Results:There were 98 coders in the surveyed hospitals, including 43 full-time coders and 55 part-time coders. Eighty-three valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 84.7%. Among them, 29(34.9%) had education level of junior college or below, 51(61.4%) had junior title or below, 15(18.1%) had medical information or case management as their major, 29(34.9%) coders had not obtained a coding certificate, 31(37.3%) were dissatisfied with the salary system, and 14(16.9%) had a tendency to leave. The medical record coders with lower professional titles, coding certificates and lower salary satisfaction were more likely to have the intention of resignation.Conclusions:Medical record coders in Anyang were challenged with such problems as shortage of manpower, low percentage of coding certificate holders and low salary satisfaction. Title, code certificate issuance and salary satisfaction were correlated with their resignation intention. Hospital managers should strengthen the importance of medical record coding and coders, and establish a reasonable salary, title evaluation and performance incentive system, so as to improve the attractiveness of coder position.

Exploration and practice of staff training of a general hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Systematic and scientific training for all employees is an important means to improve the medical quality and service level of general hospitals. The authors′ hospital established a staff training university in 2012, built an integrated training management platform, and explored the combination of online and offline training for all its staff. Guided by the hospital′s development goals and service objectives, professional courses and comprehensive courses were set. Each specialty sets the course content and credit requirements according to the level of staffs, and dynamically adjusts the course setting according to the needs and training effect evaluation. This training mode ensured the effective implementation of in-hospital training, and the credit qualification rate of staffs had increased from 29.31% in 2012 to 85.37% in 2020; Improved the pertinence, timeliness and practicability of training; It enriched the training resources, broke the time and space constraints of training, and eliminated the contradiction between work and study.

Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of physician title promotion satisfaction in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current physician title promotion satisfaction in public hospitals, and analyze the main influence factors, for references in improving their satisfaction.Methods:June to December 2018, 2 156 in-job physicians of 39 hospitals in China were surveyed with questionnaires via the medical alliances platform, in order to learn their title promotion satisfaction. General information was subject to descriptive analysis, while the main influencing factors for their satisfaction were evaluated with univariate analysis.Results:Among the 2 156 samples, the overall satisfaction scored (3.17±0.84), at a satisfaction rate of 32.88%(709/2 156), the lowest satisfaction scoring was found in the promotion ratio(2.90±1.03). The univariate analysis results indicated that such factors as teaching titles, hospital grading and their location influenced their satisfaction on title promotion with a significant difference( P<0.05), while those with medium titles presented the lowest scoring in their satisfaction. Conclusions:As the overall satisfaction rate for their professional title promotion was not high, it is necessary to take the following measures. They refer to reasonable adjustment of the proportion ratio, dynamic coordination, and proactive exploration to establish different promotion series and launch differentiated appraisal, focusing on building a scientific and reasonable promotion criteria by levels and by categories for the purpose of enhancing teambuilding of physicians.