Enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 / IgG4-related disease

Resumen: Se describe el caso de dos pacientes de 67 y 68 años de edad, ambos tenían como antecedente de importancia tabaquismo e iniciaron su padecimiento con organomegalia y globulinas séricas elevadas. El primer paciente tuvo parotidomegalia, xerostomía, xeroftalmia, uveítis de repetición y neumonitis intersticial; mediante biopsia de glándula salival menor se estableció el diagnóstico de enfermedad sistémica relacionada con IgG4 (ER-IgG4). El segundo paciente tuvo crecimiento tiroideo generalizado y tiroides de consistencia pétrea, se realizó tiroidectomía y el resultado de biopsia fue tirotiditis de Riedel (enfermedad órgano-específica de tiroides relacionada con IgG4). La manifestación inicial de la ER-IgG4 puede ser muy inespecífica. Los casos que se comunican tenían manifestaciones que pudieran confundirse con síndrome de Sjögren o sarcoidosis (caso 1) y con cáncer tiroideo (caso 2).

Abstract: This paper reports the case of two patients of 67 and 68 years old, both had a history of smoking and they started suffering with organomegaly and elevated serum globulins. The first patient presented parotidomegaly, xerostomia, xerophthalmia, recurrent uveitis and interstitial pneumonitis; a minor salivary gland biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of systemic disease related to IgG4. The second patient presented a stony thyroid tumor, thyroidectomy was performed and the result of biopsy was Riedel's thyroditis (organ-specific thyroid disease related to IgG4). The initial presentation of the disease by IgG4 can be very nonspecific. The manifestations presented by the patients can be confused with Sjögren's syndrome or sarcoidosis (case 1) and with malignancy (case 2).

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of Riedel's thyroiditis / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Riedel's thyroiditis (RT) is a rare form of thyroid disease,and the rate of misdiagnosis is high due to the low incidence of RT and the lack of understanding of the disease by clinicians.There is currently no standard and guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of RT.Improving the understanding of RT is of great significance for standardizing diagnosis and treatment and improving the life quality of patients.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related thyroiditis / 中国实用内科杂志

IgG4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) and Riedel thyroiditis(RT) are the two main types of IgG4-related thyroiditis.IgG4 HT is associated with rapid progress, higher degree of fibrosis and higher risks of papillary thyroid carcinoma. RT is a rare chronic fibrosing disorder characterized by a hard, infiltrative lesion in the thyroid gland, which has been claimed to be part of a systemic IgG4-related disease. Clinical characteristics, updated diagnostic criteria and current standard of management for these two diseases will be discussed in this review.

Surgical Treatment for Riedel's Thyroiditis: a Case Report

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare fibrotic condition that results in the destruction of the thyroid and infiltration into surrounding tissues. The exact etiology is not yet clear, although systemic fibrosing disorder, a variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a primary inflammatory disorder of the thyroid, and even a manifestation of end-stage subacute thyroiditis has been suggested. Although various treatments have been applied, no definitive treatment has yet been established. We report a case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated without complications using microscopic surgery. A 54-year-old man visited our clinic presenting with neck tightness and a left neck mass. A gun biopsy revealed a benign thyroid mass, although the radiologic findings showed a malignant thyroid tumor with invasion into the trachea and strap muscles. The patient underwent a left hemi-thyroidectomy and shaving of the trachea, esophagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve under microscopy. The final pathology revealed Riedel's thyroiditis combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient had symptomatic relief without vocal fold paralysis and hypocalcemia. Surgical treatment using microscopic dissection can be considered to be one of treatment option for Riedel's thyroiditis.

The ultrasonographic, clinical, and pathological features of 16 cases with Riedel's thyroiditis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Ultrasonographic, clinical, and pathological features were retrospectively reviewed in 16 patients with Riedel's thyroiditis. Neck masses were detected in 16 cases. Ultrasonographic findings of Riedel's thyroiditis showed heterogeneous and hypoechoic masses with extension into adjacent soft tissue. No calcification was found in the masses and no enlarged lymph node was detected in the neck.

Approach to the patient with Riedel thyroiditis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

[Summary] Riedel thyroiditis is an extremely rare form of thyroiditis, the etiologic mechanism remains obscure. It often onsets insidiously and has non-specific clinical manifestations, most of the patients visit doctor because of goiter and clinical manifestation caused by involvement of the surrounding tissue and organs, histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis. Riedel thyroiditis can be easily confused with the other common thyroiditis and thyroid malignant tumor due to lack of understanding of Riedel thyroiditis. Thyroid isthmus wedge resection is recommended if symptoms of oppression are obvious, glucocorticoid or tamoxifen treatment can be used after the operation if Riedel thyroiditis still progresses. Here we present a case of Riedel thyroiditis with diagnosis and treatment in order to call attention to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Tiroiditis no-autoinmunes / Non-autoimmune thyroiditis

El término tiroiditis comprende un grupo de enfermedades de la glándula tiroides caracterizado por la presencia de inflamación, abarcando entidades autoinmunes y no-autoinmunes. Pueden manifestarse como enfermedades agudas con dolor tiroideo severo (tiroiditis subaguda y tiroiditis infecciosas), y condiciones en las cuales la inflamación no es clínicamente evidente, cursando sin dolor y presentando disfunción tiroidea y/o bocio (tiroiditis inducida por fármacos y tiroiditis de Riedel). El objetivo de esta revisión es aportar un enfoque actualizado sobre las tiroiditis no-autoinmunes cubriendo sus aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos.

The term thyroiditis comprises a group of thyroid diseases characterized by the presence of inflammation, including autoimmune and non-autoimmune entities. It may manifest as an acute illness with severe thyroid pain (subacute thyroiditis and infectious thyroiditis), and conditions in which the inflammation is not clinically evident evolving without pain and presenting primarily thyroid dysfunction and/or goiter (drug-induced thyroiditis and Riedel thyroiditis). The aim of this review is to provide an updated approach on non-autoimmune thyroiditis and its clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Tratamiento de la tiroiditis de Riedel con triamcinolona / Treatment of Riedel's thyroiditis with triamcinolone

Se presenta el primer paciente con una tiroiditis de Riedel que se le aplica un tratamiento alternativo con triamcinolona creado por el profesor Juan Gualberto Vivó Núñez. Es el caso de una mujer de 48 años de edad, que acude al cuerpo de guardia por aumento de volumen de la región anterior del cuello y referir ligera disfagia. Tiene antecedente inicialmente de hipertiroidismo, a los 9 años comenzó con hipotiroidismo y hace aproximadamente un año se le diagnosticó una tiroiditis de Hashimoto, con seguimiento por endocrinología. La ecografía del tiroides muestra un aumento marcado de la glándula tiroidea y las imágenes de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) son compatibles con una tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Con estos resultados se decide intervenirla quirúrgicamente eliminando así los signos compresivos. La biopsia postoperatoria describe una tiroiditis de Riedel. Por el gran tamaño de los lóbulos tiroideos, se le infiltra triamcinolona 1/2 cc en cada lóbulo, una vez al mes durante cuatro meses; logrando reducir aproximadamente el 50 por ciento de los lóbulos tiroideos. Por lo que se puede apreciar los resultados obtenidos con el uso de la triamcinolona(AU)

The first case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated with triamcinolone, a method created by Professor Juan Gualberto Vivo Nunez, was presented. The patient was a 48 years-old woman who went to the emergency service because she presented increased volume of the anterior region of the neck and slight dysphagia. She had a history of hyperthyroidism, at 9 years of age began hypothyroidism and one year before going to emergency room, she was diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis and followed-up in the endocrinology service. Thyroid echography showed marked increase of thyroid gland and the images from fine needle aspiration biopsy were compatible with the existence of Hashimoto thyroiditis. The results backed up the decision of operating her to eliminate the compressive signs. Postoperative biopsy described Riedel's thyroiditis. Since the thyroid lobes were big, it was decided to apply triamcinolone at a dose of ½ cc to each lobe once a month for 4 months. This treatment managed to reduce roughly 50 percent of thyroid lobes. This showed the good results obtained with the use of triamcinolone(AU)

Riedel Thyroiditis in a Patient with Graves Disease

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare form of infiltrative and inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland and can be associated with systemic fibrotic processes, Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease. Riedel thyroiditis in combination with Graves disease however, is very rare. A 57-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for Graves disease diagnosed 30 years ago presented with an enlarging neck mass and voice changes. Due to suspicion of malignancy, thyroidectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed Riedel thyroiditis. To our knowledge, the association of Riedel thyroiditis with Graves disease has not yet been reported in our country. Here we report a patient with Riedel thyroiditis evolved from antecedent Graves disease.

Case of concurrent Riedel's thyroiditis, acute suppurative thyroiditis, and micropapillary carcinoma

Riedel's thyroiditis (RT) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland. It is characterized by a fibroinflammatory process that partially destroys the gland and extends into adjacent neck structures. Its clinical manifestation can mask an accompanying thyroid neoplasm and can mimic invasive thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, diagnosis can be difficult prior to surgical removal of the thyroid, and histopathologic examination of the thyroid is necessary for a definite diagnosis. The concurrent presence of RT and other thyroid diseases has been reported. However, to our knowledge, the association of RT with acute suppurative thyroiditis and micropapillary carcinoma has not been reported. We report a rare case of concurrent RT, acute suppurative thyroiditis, and micropapillary carcinoma in a 48-year-old patient.

A case of Riedel's thyroiditis / 대한외과학회지

Riedel's thyroiditis is an extremely rare disease that is difficult to diagnose correctly using preoperative diagnostic tools because it can mimic malignant neoplasm or the fibrous variant of Hashimoto thyroiditis during preoperative physical, radiologic, and pathologic examination. We describe here a rare case of Riedel's thyroiditis in an elderly patient and its radiologic characteristics.

A Case of Riedel's Thyroiditis Associated with a Benign Nodule / 대한내분비외과학회지

Riedels thyroiditis is a rare variant of thyroiditis that is characterized by replacement of the normal thyroid parenchyma by extensive fibrosis. Typically, the thyroid is diffusely involved and a painless, hard anterior neck mass shows clinical features similar to those of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, that is, a rapidly enlarging, hard, fixed thyroid mass and symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea. We encountered a case of Riedels thyroiditis in a 41-year-old female patient with a longstanding benign thyroid nodule for 6 years; she subsequently presented with a rapidly growing, hard, fixed, thyroid mass mimicking anaplastic thyroid cancer. The clinical features were indistinguishable from those of anaplastic transformation, but open biopsy excluded anaplastic thyroid cancer. After surgery, the final diagnosis of Riedels thyroiditis was made based on typical microscopic findings and immunohistochemical studies. We have reported this case and reviewed the related literature.

A Case of Riedel's Thyroiditis in a Patient with a History of Subacute Thyroiditis / 대한내분비학회지

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare form of chronic thyroiditis, characterized by a fibroinflammatory process which partially destroys the thyroid, often involving surrounding tissues. The relationship of Riedel's thyroiditis to other forms of thyroiditis is not clear. A case of Riedel's thyroiditis in a 51-year-old female patient, admitted with a previous diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis, is reported. She was first diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis based on clinical manifestation and radiologic and laboratory results. She was treated with glucocorticoid for 8 weeks. The follow-up lasted for 12 months. However, three years later she underwent a thyroidectomy operation due to an enlargement of the thyroid nodule and suspicion of malignancy. Histopathologic examination confirmed that she had Riedel's Thyroiditis. Until now, few case of Riedel's thyroiditis in patients with a history of subacute thyroiditis have been reported in the literature. Although the etiology of Riedel's thyroiditis is unknown, it may develop in the course of subacute thyroiditis.