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Abstract The present research aims to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the mouthwashes based on cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), before aerosol producing dental procedures. A data search was performed during August 2021 in five databases MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, SCIELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Google Scholar. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included based on the PICO question, comparing the efficacy of the mouthwashes based on cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), versus other mouthwashes and water, before aerosol producing dental procedures, papers in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included without time limits. The risk of the included studies was evaluated with the tool RoB 2.0. Number of registration PROSPERO N° CRD42021275982. 120 papers were obtained in the preliminary search, discarding those that didn't comply with the selection criteria, leaving only 3 studies. These papers reported the use of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was effective for the reduction of bacteria during the ultrasonic prophylactic procedure. The use of CPC mouthwashes previous to the dental treatment with ultrasonic prophylaxis showed only antibacterial capacity.
Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la eficacia antimicrobiana de los colutorios a base de cloruro de Cetilpiridinio (CPC), previo a tratamientos dentales que generen aerosol. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica hasta agosto del 2021 en cinco bases de datos: MEDLINE (vía PubMed), SCOPUS, SCIELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs), basándose en la pregunta PICOS, que compare la eficacia del colutorio a base de cloruro de Cetilpiridinio (CPC) con otro colutorio, placebo o agua, previo a un tratamiento dental que genere aerosol, en los idiomas español, inglés o portugués y sin límite de tiempo. El riesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó con la herramienta RoB 2.0. Número de registro PROSPERO N° CRD42021275982. Se obtuvo un total de 120 artículos en la búsqueda preliminar, descartando aquellos que no cumplían con los criterios de selección, quedando sólo 3articulos. Estos artículos informaron que el uso de CPC es efectivo para la reducción de bacterias durante el procedimiento de profilaxis con ultrasonido. El uso de los enjuagues bucales a base de CPC previo al tratamiento dental de profilaxis con ultrasonido sólo tiene eficacia antibacteriana.
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Cetilpiridínio/análise , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antissépticos Bucais/análiseRESUMO
Background- Dental caries is one of the most frequent oral health problems. The present study shows the antibacterial effect of black tea extract on salivary Sterptococcus Mutans load. Materials & Methods- The study was conducted on 125 individuals. The differences in the Colony Forming Units and count-scores of S.mutans were analyzed in salivary samples collected from individuals before and after administration of 2% black tea extract mouth-rinse and chlorhexidine mouthwash(CM). Results- There was a statistical difference in mean salivary S. mutans colony count and mean count- score before and after administration of black tea extract mouth-rinse (p = 0.0003) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (p = 0.0002) respectively. Hence, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in the fall of S.mutans load due to black tea mouth-rinse and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Conclusions- A 2% black tea extract mouth-rinse significantly reduces salivary S.mutans load, irrespective of age and gender. Also, it is an effective natural anti-cariogenic agent with no known implicated side effects.
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Abstract Polyphenols interact with salivary proteins and thus can improve the pellicle's erosion protective properties. This effect could be exploited to create rinsing solutions with polyphenols as active ingredients for erosion prevention. Different from the current gold standard for erosion protective rinsing solutions, these rinses would not rely on stannous ions. This would offer alternatives for patients with concerns regarding the composition of rinsing solutions and preferring bio-products. Objective To develop an erosion-preventive rinsing solution containing natural polyphenol-rich extracts. Methodology Solutions were prepared with polyphenols from either grapeseed extract or cranberry extract, 500 ppm fluoride added, and additionally flavors and sweeteners. Controls were deionized water, 500 ppm fluoride solution, and the gold standard rinse in the field (Sn2+/F-). In total, 135 enamel specimens (n=15/group) were subjected to five cycles of salivary pellicle formation (30 min, 37°C), modification with the solutions (2 min, 25°C), further salivary pellicle formation (60 min, 37°C), and erosive challenge (1 min, 1% citric acid, pH 3.6). Relative surface microhardness (rSMH), surface reflection intensity (rSRI), and amount of calcium release (CaR) were investigated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α=0.05). Results The polyphenol solutions containing fluoride, as well as additional flavors, protected enamel better than fluoride alone, and similar to the Sn2+/F- solution, when investigating both rSMH and CaR. When measuring rSRI, Sn2+/F- showed the best protection, while the polyphenol solutions were similar to fluoride. Conclusion For two of the three assessed parameters (rSMH and CaR), both developed polyphenol-rich rinsing solutions were able to protect enamel from erosion, improving/potentializing the effect of fluoride and matching the protection offered by the current gold standard rinsing solution.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of donor liver autologous portal venous blood rinse in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 35 pairs of donors and recipients who underwent OLT in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from May 2018 to June 2019 were collected. Of the 35 donors, there were 31 males and 4 females, aged (48±9)years. Of the 35 recipients, there were 25 males and 10 females, aged (47±9)years. Of the 35 recipients, 16 recipients undergoing donor liver autologous portal venous blood rinse were allocated into the portal vein group, and 19 recipients undergoing donor liver albumin water rinse were allocated into the albumin group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and compari-son between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data of skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were descried as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Surgical situations. The anhepatic phase time and arterial blood Ca 2+ concentration within 5 minutes after reperfusion of the recipients were (52±12)minutes and (0.99±0.10)mmol/L in the portal vein group, versus (64±12)minutes and (1.05±0.07)mmol/L in the albumin group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=2.94, 2.22, P<0.05). The mean arterial pressure, arterial blood K +concentration and arterial blood pH within 5 minutes after reperfusion of the recipients were (70±24)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (4.7±1.3)mmol/L and 7.27±0.06 in the portal vein group, versus (71±28)mmHg, (4.6±1.1)mmol/L and 7.30±0.07 in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=0.14, 0.30, 1.22, P>0.05). (2) Post-operative situations. Cases with post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS), cases with severe PRS of cardiac arrest, cases with primary graft nonfunction of the recipients were 6, 0, 2 in the portal vein group, versus 8, 1, 1 in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Total bilirubin on postoperative day 7 of the recipients was (90±52)μmol/L in the portal vein group, versus (166±112)μmol/L in the albumin group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.66, P<0.05). International normalized ratio on postoperative day 7, the highest alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase within 7 days after operation of the recipients were 2.1±2.0, (1 952±2 813)IU/L and (3 944±6 673)IU/L in the portal vein group, versus 1.8±0.6, (1 023±1 014) IU/L and (2 005±2 910)IU/L in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=0.66, 1.23, 1.08, P>0.05). Recipients with hepatic artery complication and biliary complication were 1 and 2 in the portal vein group, versus 0 and 4 in the albumin group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were 3 cases and 2 cases died during the perioperative period in the portal vein group and the albumin group, respectively. (3) Follow-up. Of the 35 recipients, 30 recipients were followed up for 534(range, 28?776)days after operation. During the follow-up, there were 3 patients with postoperative complications in the portal vein group including 2 cases died and 1 case recovered after sympto-matic treatment. There were 5 patients with postoperative complications in the albumin group including 1 case died and 4 cases recovered after symptomatic treatment. Up to the follow-up date, 11 patients in the portal vein group and 16 patients in the albumin group were in good condition. Conclusion:Rinse of the donor liver with autologous portal venous blood during liver transplantation can shorten the time of anhepatic phase, without increasing the occurrence of post-reperfusion syndrome, ischemia re-perfusion injury and biliary tract complications.
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Background: Stevia is a natural, non-caloric sweetener with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cariogenic properties. Aim was to assess and compare the effect of 4.7% stevia solution, 4.7% sucrose solution and distilled water mouth rinsing on salivary pH. Methods: Randomized controlled trial with latin square design was followed involving 15 female participants aged 20-23 years. Participants were randomly allocated to three interventional groups; Group A: 4.7% stevia mouth rinse, Group B: 4.7% sucrose mouth rinse and Group C: distilled water mouth rinse. Salivary pH assessments were done at baseline and 1, 20 and 60 minutes post intervention using salivary pH indicator strips. For statistical analysis, significance level was fixed at p<0.05. One way and repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post Hoc tests were used for data analysis Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in salivary pH post rinsing with stevia solution (at 1, 20 and 60 minutes respectively) compared to sucrose solution and distilled water mouth rinsing Conclusion: Stevia solution mouth rinsing showed significant increase in salivary pH at one hour from baseline compared to sucrose and distilled water mouth rinsing. Hence, it may serve as an anti-cariogenic sugar substitute.
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Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common ulcerative diseases affecting the general population. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficiency of 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with the topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement over the topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement prescribed alone for treating RAS. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups—experimental group: 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel; and control group: vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel alone. The pain symptoms were evaluated using the VAS scores at baseline and first follow?up visits. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test. Results: A significant reduction in the pain scores was observed in participants using the 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel on the first follow?up visit (P = < 0.001). Conclusion: The 0.5% minocycline mouth rinse prescribed along with vitamin supplement and topical anesthetic gel had shown more reduction in the pain symptoms when compared to topical anesthetic gel and vitamin supplement prescribed alone for the treatment of RAS.
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La Odontología Restauradora contemporánea no puede concebirse sin la adhesión de los materiales restauradores a las estructuras dentarias. En mu-chos procedimientos restauradores, no sólo el esmal-te sino también la dentina se encuentra involucrada, por lo tanto, la adhesión a esta última juega un rol cla-ve en el éxito clínico. No obstante, todavía supone un gran desafío lograr una adhesión estable y predeci-ble en el tiempo. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar las características principales de la dentina como sustrato adhesivo y describir los sistemas ad-hesivos actuales y sus mecanismos de acción (AU)
Contemporary Restorative Dentistry cannot be conceived without the adhesion of restorative materials to dental structures. In many restorative procedures not only the enamel, but also the dentin is involved, therefore dentin bonding plays a key role in their success. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve stable and predictable dentin bonding over time. The aim of this article is to analyze the main characteristics of dentin as an adhesive substrate and to describe current adhesive systems and their bonding mechanisms (AU)
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Adesivos Dentinários/classificação , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Polímeros/classificação , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente/métodos , Desmineralização do Dente/fisiopatologia , Resinas Compostas/química , Metilmetacrilato/química , Restauração Dentária Permanente/tendênciasRESUMO
@#Universal adhesives have been widely used in dentistry due to their easy application process and wide range of applications. In the literature, the etching modes of universal adhesives, coating methods of universal adhesives, pretreatment of adhesive, and other factors were reported to have an impact on the bonding performance of universal adhesives. This review focused on the factors affecting the bonding performance of universal adhesives and aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Current research suggests that the etch-and-rinse mode can achieve a better adhesive strength of enamel and that the etch-and-rinse mode and the self-etch mode exhibit a similar adhesive performance in bonding dentin. The bond strength would be improved by prolonging the application time, applying a double layer of adhesives, and wetting enamel and dentin with water or ethanol before adhesive procedures. Chlorohexidine (0.2%) and metal nanoparticles can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and improve the long-term bond strength of dentin. Finally, universal adhesives have excellent stability and saliva pollution resistance, although they lack blood pollution resistance. In the clinic, dentists should pay attention to the etching modes of universal adhesives, coating methods of universal adhesives, pretreatment of adhesive, and other factors that may affect the effect strength. universal adhesives will be improved in bonding strength of enamel in self-etch mode and bonding performance in demineralized dentals around caries.
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@#The properties of adhesives and light-cured resin composites are closely related to the repair of dental defects. Therefore, improving the properties of adhesives and resins composite to increase the success rate of filling has been the focus of research in the field of prosthodontics in recent years. Current studies have confirmed that temperature can change the properties of adhesives and light-cured resin composites, affecting their repair effect. A proper storage temperature ensures the good performance of materials: the self-etching adhesive system should be refrigerated, and the light-cured resin composite should be refrigerated or stored at room temperature according to its composition, proportion and other properties; however, the appropriate storage temperature for the etch-and-rinse adhesive system is not clear. The appropriate application temperature could improve the fluidity, monomer conversion, bonding strength, compressive strength and other properties of the materials to improve the quality of filling restoration. However, there is a wide variety of adhesives and resin composites, and the effect of temperature on each material is different. Thus, it is still necessary to explore the temperature range for material storage, precooling and preheating. Few studies have been performed in vivo, and the clinical restorative effects of adhesives and resin composites stored and used at different temperatures need to be further studied.
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Background: Mouth rinses are solutions or liquids used to rinse the mouth to have a therapeutic effect by relieving infection or preventing dental caries due to their antimicrobial properties. Aims: This study was carried out to compare the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse and 0.5% green tea extract mouth rinse on the colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus mutans in plaque in children. Materials and Methods: The sample for the study consisted of fifty schoolchildren aged 8–12 years with four or more (decay component) of decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. Children were divided randomly into two groups and were asked to rinse with the prescribed mouth rinse twice daily for 2 weeks under supervision. The plaque samples were collected at baseline (prerinsing) and postrinsing and tested for the CFUs of S. mutans. Results: The results of the study indicate that there was a statistically significant reduction (pre- and postrinsing) in S. mutans colony count in both the study groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of S. mutans colony count between 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse group and 0.5% green tea mouth rinse group. Conclusion: Green tea mouth rinse is effective against S. mutans – one of the major dental plaque microorganisms.
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Objective:To investigate the hemostatic effect of epinephrine saline rinse solution in cleft palate repair.Methods:A total of 100 children who underwent cleft palate repair in the operating room of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from 2018 to 2020 were selected, Among them, 51 were males and 49 females, aged from 6 months to 12 years, with an average (2.5±2.49) years. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether to use epinephrine saline flushing fluid: in group A, 43 cases were treated with adrenaline saline irrigation solution to wash the incision during the operation; gauze soaked in rinse solution was used to fill the oral cavity before endotracheal intubation and extubation after operation; in B group of 57 cases, no intraoperative rinses were used. The intraoperative blood loss and operation duration were compared between the two groups.Results:Intraoperative use in group A after adrenaline saline rinses showed that the intraoperative blood loss of children (16.23±4.88) ml was significantly lower than that of group B (19.26±4.13) ml. The duration of operation in group A (109.79±40.27) min was significantly shorter than that in group B (137.16±50.47) min, The difference was statistically significant ( t=2.92, P<0.05). Conclusions:The incision is rinsed with epinephrine saline solution during cleft palate repair. In addition, before endotracheal intubation and extubation after operation, gauze soaked in rinsing solution is used to fill the oral cavity, which could significantly reduce the amount of bleeding and shorten the operation time.
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This study aimed to clarify the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance. We examined the effect of mouth rinse on fatigability. Thirty healthy male college students completed three trials with non mouth rinse (CON), mouth rinse intervention of 6% glucose (GMR), and artificial sweetener (PLA). Handgrip exercise was performed as a fatigue task. The subjects performed a 10-seconds maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by a 40% MVC rhythmic grasping movement for 14 per minutes, followed by a 4-seconds rest. This set of exercises was performed for a total of ten sets. Mouth rinse was performed from the 5th set to the 10th set. The subjects were divided into three groups: L, M, and S, according to the degree of decrease in MVC due to fatigue in CON. The effect was evaluated using the rate of change in MVC after the mouth rinse. The evaluation was performed for each trail and group. In the L group, mouth rinse significantly improved the rate of change of MVC compared with the other trials (GMR vs. CON: P = 0.002; PLA vs. CON: P = 0.042). A significant trend was observed in the M (GMR vs. CON: P = 0.062), but not in the S. In conclusion, the effects of mouth rinse differed depending on fatigability in isometric hand grip performance, with mouth rinse inhibiting the decrease of motor fatigue. In addition, it was suggested that the sweetness of carbohydrates may have an effect on mouth rinse.
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A total of thirty subjects was selected. For each individual subject, 3 impressions of maxillary arch were made using alginate. Impressions were divided into three categories. First impression (Group 1) was made without using any preprocedural mouth rinse. After the impression was made, a sterile cotton swab was wiped over the impression surface and sent for culture sensitivity test. This swab acted as the control group. The swab was then run over the Blood Agar culture medium. The incubation of culture-medium plates was done for 24 hrs. at 37 °C. From the culture plate, smear was taken to examine bacterial growth and the colony forming units were counted on the slide. 24 hours after initial impression, the second impression (Group 2) was made after making the subject rinse with aloe vera for 30 seconds. After 48 hours after Group 1, third impression (Group 3) of the same subject was made, making the subject rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution for 30 seconds. Rest of the steps were same for both the impressions as the first impression.Data was recorded and analysis for difference in the bacterial count between Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 was done using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test from SPSS version 18. ResultsThe result showed an overall significant difference in the mean CFU among the three groups. Post-hoc test showed that group 1 had significantly higher mean CFU (7.54) than group 2 (2.98) and 3 (1.82). The least bacterial count was seen in the samples in which chlorhexidine digluconate was used as a mouth rinse before making the impression. The mean percentage reduction in bacterial count was 60.33 in the group for which aloe vera was used and 75.81 in the chlorhexidine digluconate group. Conclusions0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate when used as preprocedural mouth rinse for 30 seconds markedly reduces the bacterial growth of aerobic culture. Although Aloe vera does have an antibacterial effect when used as preprocedural mouth rinses when compared with 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate, it is a weaker disinfectant. The antibacterial activity of 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate is more effective than aloe vera (99.9 %) when used as preprocedural mouth rinse.
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@#Introduction: The percentage of Indonesian population experiencing oral and dental diseases based on the 2007 and 2013 RISKESDAS data, rise from 23.2% to 25.9%. People need to maintain healthy teeth and mouth by brushing their teeth and using mouthwash. Chlorhexidine is mouthwash that has been proven to be effective in reducing the number of plaque microorganisms attached to teeth and oral mucosa, but its long-term use can cause tooth stain, allergies, tissue desquamation and resistance. Red pomegranate can be used as an alternative because it contains flavonoids and tannins which are thought to have antibacterial ability. Therefore, this study aims to prove that red pomegranate extract mouthwash can reduce the number of oral bacteria colonies. Methods: 25 subjects were divided into 5 groups, namely K1: gargle aquades; K2: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse; K3, K4, K5 each rinse with 0.02%, 0.2% and 2% red pomegranate extract mouthwash. Saliva is collected before and after gargling, then planted in Petri dish using BHIA media with a spread plate method. Calculation of the amount of bacterial colony done 24 hours after the media was incubated. Counting the number of bacterial colonies using a colony counter. Data were analyzed by Anova and LSD tests. Result: There were significant difference between all group on decreased of number of oral bacteria colony (p= 0.00). Conclusion: Red pomegranate extract mouthwash effective decreased of number of oral bacteria colony and the most effective was 2% concentration.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate hangeshashinto rinse for oral discomfort in terminally-ill cancer patients and to compare the effectiveness of hangeshashinto rinse with or without honey rinse. Methods: Patients with oral discomfort were randomized to receive either hangeshashinto rinse or hangeshashinto with honey rinse as first-line treatment. Patients performed oral rinse three to five times a day for 2 weeks. Further, oral wetness, halitosis, oral mucositis, mouth discomfort, compliance of rinse were then evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: 144 patients were enrolled during this period and 22 patients completed the study (hangeshashinto 13 / hangeshashinto with honey 9). After the intervention, oral wetness was improved, and end-tidal concentration of hydrogen sulfide was decreased in both cases. Although there was no statistically significant difference, oral discomfort by subjective and objective evaluations, also and symptom of oral mucositis were improved. Other volatile sulfur compounds decreased. Frequency of rinsing between groups receiving hangeshashinto or hangeshashinto with honey did not differ, however, the acceptability was slightly better in the honey combination group. Conclusion: Both hangeshashinto rinse and hangeshashinto with honey rinse reduced end-tidal concentration of hydrogen sulfide and improved oral wetness. Oral rinse by hangeshashinto or hangeshashinto with honey may be effective for oral discomfort in terminally-ill cancer patients.
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Abstract Introduction Modern dentistry is reflected in the insertion of new materials with different adhesion forms in dental structures, such as the Universal adhesive system. Objective To evaluate the bond strength of the universal dentin adhesive system, in the form of self-etching and conventional application, compared with a simplified conventional adhesive system, in two distinct periods: 1 week and 6 months. Material and method 48 bovine incisors separated into 6 groups, stored for 7 days, were selected. Worn out the buccal enamel until dentin exposure. Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe) or SingleBond Universal (3M Espe) adhesives were applied, and catheters filled with Opallis Flow (FGM) composite were placed. After photoactivation, the catheters were removed and the specimens (n = 48), stored in distilled water at 37 °C for one week and six months, were exposed. The specimens were fixed to a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 2000) with a speed of 0.5 mm / min. Bond strength (BS) was calculated in MPa, and data were statistically analyzed by Anova and Tukey test at 5% significance level. Result For Adper Single bond, the BS was equivalent in the times tested; for Universal conventional and self-conditioning time influenced the BS, with a decrease in the results. At 1 week, all stickers were different from each other, with higher BS for Universal conventional mode, followed by universal self-etching mode and then Adper Single bond. Conclusion The best results were achieved with universal adhesive in conventional mode for both tested times.
Resumo Introdução A odontologia moderna é refletida na inserção de novos materiais com diferentes formas de adesão nas estruturas dentárias, como o sistema adesivo Universal. Objetivo Avaliar a resistência adesiva do sistema adesivo universal em dentina, na forma de aplicação auto condicionante e convencional, comparando com um sistema adesivo convencional simplificado, em dois períodos distintos: 1 semana e 6 meses. Material e método Foram selecionados 48 incisivos bovinos separados em 6 grupos, armazenados por 7 dias. Desgastado o esmalte vestibular, até exposição da dentina. Aplicaram-se os adesivos Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe) ou SingleBond Universal (3M Espe), e sobre este, posicionados cateteres preenchidos com o compósito Opallis Flow (FGM). Após fotoativação, removeram-se os cateteres e expuseram-se os corpos de prova (n=48), armazenados em água destilada a 37 °C por uma semana e seis meses. Os corpos de prova foram fixados uma máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL 2000), com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. A resistência de união (RU) foi calculada em MPa, e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Anova e pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Resultado Para Adper Single bond, a RU foi equivalente nos tempos testados; para Universal modo convencional e autocondicionante o tempo influenciou na RU, havendo um decréscimo nos resultados. Em 1 semana, todos os adesivos foram diferentes entre si, com maior RU para Universal modo convencional, seguido por universal modo autocondicionante e então pelo Adper Single bond. Conclusão O melhor desempenho foi do adesivo universal na forma convencional nos dois tempos testados.
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Cimentos Dentários , Materiais Dentários , Métodos , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , DentinaRESUMO
Objective: To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of gallic acid(GA),methyl gal- late(MG)and ellagic acid(EA)in the residue of a gingival consolidation liquid(a mouth rinse preparation),and inves- tigate the effect of different residue-drying methods on the GA,MG and EA content in the residues. Methods: High per- formance liquid chromatography(HPLC)switching walvelength method was used to determine the GA,MG and EA con- tents. The column was Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm). The mobile phase was methanol(A)-0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B)in a gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 272 nm for GA/MG and 255 nm for EA. The flow rate was 1 ml/min,and the injection volume was 3 μl. Meanwhile,the residues were dried with the methods of sun drying,blast drying,vacuum drying and microwave vacuum drying,respectively and the GA,MG and EA contents in the residues were determined by the established HPLC method. Results: The linear ranges for GA,MG and EA were 1.280-4.608(r=0.9998),0.560-2.016(r=0.9998),0.1145-0.4122 μg(r=0.9997),respectively. The aver- age recoveries for GA,MG and EA were 99.97%,99.93% and 100.20%,with the RSD of 0.34%,2.30% and 0.93%,re- spectively. The contents of GA,MG and EA varied in quite a large range in the residues dried by different methods. Con- clusion: The established method is fast,simple and practicable,which could be used for the determination of GA,MG and EA in the residue of a gingival consolidation liquid. The drying methods could significantly affect the contents of GA, MG and EA in the residues,and the related results provide a reference for future studies.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of whitening mouth rinses alone and in combination with conventional whitening treatments on color, microhardness, and surface roughness changes in enamel specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 enamel specimens were collected from human third molars and divided into 9 groups (n = 12): 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 10% carbamide peroxide (CP), 38% HP + Listerine Whitening (LW), 10% CP + LW, 38% HP + Colgate Plax Whitening (CPW), 10% CP + CPW, LW, CPW, and the control group (CG). The initial color of the specimens was measured, followed by microhardness and roughness tests. Next, the samples were bleached, and their color, microhardness, and roughness were assessed. Data were analyzed through 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; microhardness and roughness) and 1-way ANOVA (color change), followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The Dunnett test was used to compare the roughness and microhardness data of the CG to those of the treated groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant color change was observed in all groups compared to the CG. All groups, except the LW group, showed statistically significant decreases in microhardness. Roughness showed a statistically significant increase after the treatments, except for the 38% HP group. CONCLUSIONS: Whitening mouth rinses led to a whitening effect when they were used after conventional treatments; however, this process caused major changes on the surface of the enamel specimens.
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Humanos , Esmalte Dentário , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Dente Serotino , Boca , Clareadores Dentários , Clareamento Dental , Dente , UreiaRESUMO
Denture stomatitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis are the growing problems in restorative dentistry. Chemicals play an important role as an adjuvant to mechanical cleaning of teeth, implants, surrounding tissues, and prostheses. Current mouth rinses are reported to affect the tissues and prostheses if used on a long-term basis. Sodium bicarbonate, the common baking soda, has been reported to be versatile. A search of the resources through Medline and Google Scholar was made to understand the current status of the mouth rinses and the use of sodium bicarbonate. Different MeSH and search criteria were used for the different search engines. Baking soda, being a common household item, with its ready availability, safety, minimal abrasivity, and bactericidal property makes it a patient-friendly mouthwash, component in the dentifrice, or chewing gum, which can be used on a long-term basis as an adjunct virtually free of any side effects.
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Salmonella detection is a key point in food safety testing, because of the frequent association of this pathogen with food poisoning in humans. The standard bacteriological tests currently used for Salmonella-detection are time-consuming; therefore, there is a need to develop alternative methods to accelerate the detection. In order to accelerate Salmonella diagnosis, we used the immunomagnetic separation assay associated with bacteriophage P22 for the rapid detection of the following Salmonella serovars in chicken rinses of drumsticks, artificially contaminated with 5, 10, and 100 CFU/25mL of bacteria: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The efficiency of the technique, represented by the time required for detection of positive and negative samples, was compared with that of the standard diagnostic tests used for this pathogen, the bacteriological assay and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test. This study confirmed the ability of the bacteriophage-associated immunomagnetic separation assay to identify 99.6% of Salmonella-positive samples of the three serovars tested. In contrast, the bacteriological assay and PCR-based test detected 95.1% and 98.5% of the Salmonella-positive samples respectively.(AU)
A detecção de Salmonella é um ponto crucial para a segurança alimentar, devido a frequente associação deste patógeno com infecções alimentares em humanos. O método padrão para detecção de Salmonella é o bacteriológico, mas o tempo requerido para o processamento das amostras e o diagnóstico final é longo, por isso existe a necessidade de desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos que visem acelerar esta etapa. Para isto utilizamos a separação imunomagnética associada ao bacteriófago P22 como técnica de detecção rápida para os seguintes sorovares de Salmonella: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) e Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), os quais foram inoculados artificialmente em lavados de sobre-coxas de frango nas seguintes concentrações: 5, 10 e 100 UFC/25mL. A eficiência da técnica, representada pelo tempo requerido para detecção de amostras positivas ou negativas, foi comparado com os testes rotineiramente utilizados para detecção de Salmonella, o exame bacteriológico e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Este estudo confirmou a capacidade do teste de separação imunomagnética associado a bacteriófago, o qual identificou 99,6% das amostras positivas para Salmonella, dos três sorovares testados. Já o bacteriológico e PCR identificaram respectivamente 95,1% e 98,5% das amostras positivas.(AU)