A influência da hipertensão arterial na qualidade de vida / The influence of hypertension on quality of life

FUNDAMENTO: A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é um dos principais fatores de risco cardiovascular e de alta prevalência em quase todos os países. Estudos mostram o efeito negativo da HAS na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a Qualidade de Vida de pacientes hipertensos comparando com a população geral. MÉTODOS: Avaliados 333 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, maiores que 18 anos, divididos em Grupo Estudo, composto de 246 pacientes hipertensos sob tratamento em serviço multiprofissional e Grupo Controle, formado por 87 indivíduos normotensos da comunidade. Aplicaram-se a ambos os grupos, questionário sociodemográfico e o SF-36 de qualidade de vida. Para a análise estatística, utilizados os testes qui-quadrado, de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, de Mann Whitney U, de Kruskal-Wallis e análise multivariada. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS e valores de p < 0,05 considerados significantes. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação à idade, ao sexo, à etnia, à escolaridade e ao estado civil. Observou-se que os indivíduos normotensos apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde quando foram comparados aos hipertensos. CONCLUSÃO: A hipertensão arterial, embora considerada entidade clínica, na maioria das vezes, silenciosa, interfere negativamente na qualidade de vida de seus portadores.

BACKGROUND: Systemic Hypertension (SH) is a major cardiovascular risk factor with a high prevalence in almost all countries. Studies show the negative effect of SH on health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life of hypertensive patients when compared with the general population. METHODS: A total of 333 individuals of both genders and older than 18 years were evaluated; they were divided into the Study Group, consisting of 246 hypertensive patients undergoing treatment in a multidisciplinary service and the Control group, comprised of 87 normotensive individuals from the community. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the SF-36 for quality of life assessment were administered to both groups. The Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate analysis were used for the statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS and p values <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous for age, gender, ethnicity, educational level and marital status. It was observed that normotensive individuals showed a better health-related quality of life when compared with hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although considered to be almost always a clinically silent disease, systemic hypertension impairs the quality of life of patients who suffer from it.

Depresión en adultos mayores de cuatro hogares geriátricos de Barranquilla (Colombia): prevalencia y factores de riesgo / Depression older adults in four nursing homes of Barranquilla (Colombia): prevalence and risk factors

Resumen Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia y factores de riesgo para depresión en adultos de 65 - 95 años de centros de cuidado geriátrico de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con análisis de casos y controles. Participaron 66 adultos mayores. Se aplicó encuesta de factores de riesgo, Minimental Test y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage. Se estudiaron las variables independientes: edad, sexo, nivel educativo, ingresos económicos, fuentes de ingresos, coomorbilidad y tipo, polifarmacia, y tipo de institución. Se realizó análisis bivariado de depresión y las variables independientes. Se efectuó el análisis mediante porcentaje, tendencia central y media y desviación estándar y asociación (Or e IC 95 % y Chi-cuadrado y p). Resultados: La prevalencia de depresión fue de 36.4 %, y predominó la leve (24.2 %). Fueron factores de riesgo: nivel educativo: primaria incompleta (OR: 1,9, IC 95 %:0,02 - 5,43, p: 0,0090) y presentar trastornos neurológicos y psiquiátricos (OR: 6,6, IC 95 %: 1,21 - 35,9, p: 0,0215). Presentaron fuerza de asociación significativa: el sexo masculino y ser soltero. Mostraron fuerza en la asociación no significante, la fuente de ingresos, los ingresos económicos menores de 1 salario mínimo legal vigente (SMLV), la polifarmacia y el tipo de hogar. Conclusiones: La depresión está en un tercio de la población institucionalizada, en este estudio afectó a los adultos con primaria incompleta y algún trastorno neurológico o psiquiátrico. Asimismo, los hombres, los solteros, los que tienen ingresos muy bajos, que provienen de las familias con ingresos menores a 1 salario mínimo, que tienen hipotensión arterial y viven en hogares geriátricos públicos.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for depression in adults of 65 - 95 years of geriatric care centers in Barranquilla. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, with case-control analysis. 66 seniors participated. Survey was risk factors and Minimental Test and Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. Independent variables were studied: age, sex, educational level, income, income sources, associated diseases and type, polypharmacy, and type of institution. It was performed Bivariate analysis was done according depression and the independent variables. Analysis was performed by: percent, average and standard deviation and association (Or and CI 95 % and Chi-square and p). Results: The prevalence of depression was 36.4 % predominantly mild depression (24.2 %). Were established risk factors to have an incomplete primary education level (OR: 1.9, IC 95% 0.02 - 5.43, p: 0, 0090) and present neurological and psychiatric disorders (OR: 6, 6, IC 95 %: 1.21-35.9, p: 0, 0215). Showed significant association strength: male sex and single marital status. Strength showed no significant association, the source of income, income less than 1 SMLV, polypharmacy and the type of home. Conclusions: Depression was found in one third of the institutionalized population, being more affected, adults with incomplete primary education and some neurological or psychiatric disorder. Likewise, men, singles, those with low incomes, which come from families who have low blood pressure and living in public nursing homes.